Baƙar fata (sunan duniya na tsuntsu Branta Bernicia) tsuntsu ne na ruwa na dangin anseriformes mai kai duck. An jera shi a cikin Red Book. Wannan shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta wakilin nau’insa a cikin girman – ya fi ƙanƙara fiye da Goose. Matsakaicin nauyin Goose mai girma zai iya kaiwa 8 kg. Tsuntsaye matasa suna da halayen fararen fata akan fikafikan su.
Branta goose
Matsugunin tsuntsaye
Wadannan Anseriformes suna da kyau Yanayin. Mazaunansu sune Jamus, Denmark da Netherlands. Ana kuma ganin tsuntsaye a Yakutia, Faransa, har ma da tsibirin Burtaniya. An ga dabbobi masu fuka-fukai a gabar tekun Pasifik da kuma Japan. Musamman, Honshu da Hokkaida. Akwai baƙar fata a Rasha. Wannan tsuntsun ruwa yana zaune kusa da Tekun Arctic.
A lokacin hijira, tsuntsaye suna tsayawa a cikin ruwa mara zurfi kuma su tashi zuwa Asiya ko Arewacin Amirka don lokacin sanyi. Akwai geese a cikin wuraren hunturu da kuma a cikin Tekun Arewa. Mazaunan wurare na gabas suna tashi kusa da bakin teku, kuma tsuntsaye daga yankuna masu sanyi, akasin haka, suna ƙaura zuwa yankunan nahiyoyi, suna manne da kwaruruka. Wadannan anseriforms suna rayuwa a cikin garken shanu, wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ba su da kariya daga mafarauta, duk da yanayin tashin hankali.
Bayyanar Goose
Nauyin tsuntsu daga 1 zuwa 5 kg, tsawon – game da 2.2 cm, fuka-fuki – daga 60 zuwa 110 cm. Baƙar fata sun sami sunan su saboda cikakken launin baƙar fata. Amma jikin tsuntsun an rufe shi da wasu fuka-fukan fuka-fukai, musamman baya da wuya. Kafafu da baki suma baki ne. Launin fuka-fuki ya bambanta daga launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Ciki da ɓangarorin sun fi sauƙi fiye da launi na gaba ɗaya, a hankali suna juyawa zuwa wutsiya fari.
Siffar wannan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) ratsan wuyansa. Maza da mata ba sa bambanta a waje da juna. Bambanci kawai zai yiwu shine girman. Ana ganin tsawon fikafikai a cikin namiji kuma gabaɗaya ya fi mace girma.
Geese yana jin daɗi sosai a ƙasa kuma kada ku yi hasara idan akwai haɗari. Abin ban mamaki, ba su san yadda ake nutsewa ba, amma suna iya samun abinci daidai daga ƙasa, kamar agwagi da suka rataye kawunansu suna iyo a kife.
Kiwo da ciyar da tsuntsu
Kiwo baƙar fata geese fara a watan Yuni. Lokacin mating yana ɗaukar watanni 3. Kamar swans, suna haifar da abokin aure don rayuwa. Wannan yana tare da kyakkyawan al’ada na zawarcin, lokacin da tsuntsaye ke ɗaukar matsayi na musamman. Lokacin da ma’auratan suka faru, an yi wani nau’i na bikin da ke tabbatar da yarda da tabbatar da haɗin gwiwa. Al’ada ta fara ne da hare-haren tunanin abokan gaba, to, geese sun shiga cikin matakan kwance kuma suna fara kururuwa bi da bi. Namiji yakan yi kuka ɗaya, mace kuma ta amsa da biyu. Al’adar da ke cikin ruwa tana ƙarewa ne lokacin da ma’auratan suka ɗauki bidi’a suna nutsewa cikin ruwa. Wadannan karimcin suna aiki ba kawai a matsayin zawarci ba, nau’in harshe ne na sadarwa. Gabaɗaya, akwai matakan 6 zuwa 11 don isar da bayanai.
A lokacin lokacin kiwo, tsuntsaye baƙi suna taruwa a cikin ƙananan yankuna: ya fi dacewa su kare kansu daga manyan mafarauta, amma suna gida a cikin nau’i-nau’i daban-daban, arewacin sauran wakilan geese, kusa da tundra Arctic. . Sun fi son ba kawai ga bakin tekun ba, har ma da ƙananan rafukan koguna, wani wuri tare da tundra da aka jiƙa da ganye mai germinated. Stein ya fi son yin gida idan suna zaune a kan tudu ko dutsen tundra. Anseriformes wanda ke layi na gida tare da taimakon gansakuka, fluff ko ciyawa, don haka akwai ɗan ƙarami. geese na gina su a keɓance wurare kusa da gaɓar jikunan ruwa. Matar tana samar da kwai 3 zuwa 5 a kowace kama. Tsarin ƙyanƙyashe yana ɗaukar har zuwa wata ɗaya: a matsakaicin kwanaki 24-26.
Namiji ba zai bar mace ba a lokacin ƙyanƙyasar ƙwai. Furen kajin yana da launin toka.Bayan ƙyanƙyasar ƙyanƙyashe daga kwai, a zahiri bayan sa’o’i 2-3, kajin zai iya tashi daga gida da kansa. Iyaye suna raka ‘ya’yansu zuwa tafki mafi kusa, suna ciyar da su kuma suna kare su har tsawon makonni shida. A cikin wannan lokacin, manya suna fara raguwa kuma suna rasa ikon tashi na ɗan lokaci. Kajin suna tare da iyayensu har zuwa lokacin kiwo na gaba. Kaji suna balaga shekaru 2 bayan haihuwa, wani lokacin daga baya. Tsuntsaye matasa da waɗancan mutane waɗanda saboda wasu dalilai ba za su iya ƙyanƙyashe a cikin wani garke dabam daga ‘iyaye’ da kuma molt.
Ciyar da geese da abokan gabansu na waje
Abincin baƙar fata yana da bambanci sosai, ya ƙunshi yawancin abinci na shuka, amma geese masu fuka-fuka na iya cin ƙananan kifi da crustaceans.
- A lokacin rani, abincin Goose ya haɗa da ciyawa, mosses, lichens, da ciyayi na ruwa.
- A cikin hunturu, tsuntsaye suna ciyar da algae.
- Matasa masu ɗanɗano ɗanɗano, hatsi, ganyen sedge daga tundra suma suna cikin abinci.
Abincin ya dogara da kakar da wurin zama. A lokacin ƙaura, tsuntsaye suna tara kitse kuma cikin sauƙin sauyawa daga nau’in abinci zuwa wani.
Baƙar fata ana ɗaukar hanta mai tsayi. A cikin yanayi, shekarun su na iya kaiwa shekaru 28, a cikin bauta, wannan adadi ya ninka sau biyu. Matsakaicin shekarun shine shekaru 40.
Maƙiyan wannan nau’in sun wadatar, ciki har da ƙwai, kifi, foxes arctic, da bears masu launin ruwan kasa. Lokacin da geese suka lura abokan gaba, sai su shimfiɗa wuyansu gaba, yada fuka-fuki kuma suna fara busa. Abin baƙin ciki shine, ba koyaushe takan iya ceton zuriyar ba. Don ko ta yaya kare kajin ta, wani baƙar fata Goose nests kusa da wuraren zama na tsuntsayen ganima, irin su owls, peregrine falcons, vultures. Wannan yana tabbatar da amincin Goose: ba sa farauta a kusa da gidajensu, kuma ƙananan mafarauta irin su fox na arctic ba sa haɗarin kusanci da ƙusoshin raptors. Don haka, ‘ya’yan geese suna ƙara yawan damar su na rayuwa.
Abun ciki
Geese sun dace da rayuwa a cikin bauta. Abincin ku ya kamata ya zama iri-iri kamar yadda zai yiwu. Dole ne ya haɗa da kayan lambu da kayan marmari, da kuma abincin shuka da yawa. Hatsin da aka shuka zai kasance da amfani sosai ga matasa. A matsayin abinci, zaku iya ƙara abinci lafiya da nau’ikan pellets da aka yi nufin tsuntsaye masu iyo.
Wadannan anseriforms suna haifuwa da kyau a cikin zaman talala. Suna yin kyau sosai a cikin aviary tare da sauran tsuntsayen ruwa kamar ducks da swans. Babban abu shine cewa a cikin aviary, anseriforms suna da damar samun ruwa akai-akai. Yana da kyawawa cewa ajiya ya mamaye akalla 20% na yankin gidan. Waterfowl yana jure wa sanyi da kyau kuma baya buƙatar rufaffiyar alkaluma, amma ana buƙatar alfarwa a cikin aviary.
A lokacin lokacin kiwo, ana sanya ma’aurata a cikin wani nau’in aviary daban, yayin da namiji ya zama m.
Wadannan tsuntsaye suna da abokantaka da kuma abin dogara, wanda ke rinjayar rage yawan yawan nau’in.
Menene adadin tsuntsayen asiri?
An jera waɗannan Anseriformes a cikin Jajayen Littafin. Hakan ya faru ne saboda an canza yanayin muhallinsu da ƙaura. Hare-haren maharbi da dama da kuma cin kashin da aka samu sun yi tasiri ga wannan tsari. Irin wannan yanayi ya faru a arewa, inda geese ke yin hunturu. Suma ‘yan Arewa, wadanda suka saba farautar anseriformes, sun ba da gudunmawa wajen kawar da jinsunan. Ana kama tsuntsaye ana kitso, sannan a yanka su. Naman daji yana da takamaiman warin ruwa don cire shi, ana yanka baƙar fata kawai bayan an ciyar da hatsi.
Ya zuwa yanzu, an dauki matakai don adana nau’in. Mazaunan daidaikun mutane, da kuma wuraren ƙaura, sun zama tanadi. Akwai haramcin shekaru da yawa akan farautar garwa. Akwai labarin don harbi ba bisa ka’ida ba na anseriformes tare da duk sakamakon sakamakon. Duk waɗannan matakan ba shakka sun ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar yawan tsuntsaye, amma idan aka kwatanta da karni na ƙarshe, yawan jama’a ya kasance maras muhimmanci, don haka, don guje wa bacewar wannan nau’in Anseriformes.
