Don zaɓar tumatir da suka dace da ku, kuna buƙatar dasa mafi ban sha’awa da waɗanda aka fi so ta bayanin. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun nau’ikan samar da albarkatu tare da ‘ya’yan itatuwa na duniya na nau’in nau’i mai ban mamaki shine tumatir Grusovka. Tumatir na Moskovskaya Grushovka iri-iri an haife su kimanin shekaru 20 da suka gabata a Rasha, sakamakon dogon zaɓi na Siberian. A duk wannan lokacin suna nuna kyawawan alamun aikin aiki, kuma kulawa ba ta bambanta da yawancin sauran nau’ikan ba.
Bayanin tumatir Grusovka
Halayen Grushovka
Tumatir Grushovka ne mai yanke shawara, mai albarka da tsakiyar kakar (110-115 kwanaki kafin ‘ya’yan itace) Ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin girma ya bambanta bisa ga yankin, yanayin yanayi da nau’ikan nau’ikan wannan nau’in. An yi la’akari da iri-iri mafi dacewa ga yankin Kirov na Rasha. Tumatir Grushovka galibi ana girma a can akan gonakin kayan lambu. Wani bayanin hukuma ya nuna cewa irin wannan noman shine zaɓi mafi riba don noman tumatir na kasuwanci.
Grushovka tumatir iri-iri yana da iri biyu:
- Jafananci (a cikin ƙasarmu bai sami rarraba ba).
- Moscow (an horar da ko’ina).
An yi nufin waɗannan tumatir ne don noma a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi:
- bude ƙasa (tsawon bushes shine 50-60 cm),
- greenhouse (tsawo ya kai mita ko fiye);
- karkashin pl
Bayanin amfanin gona
Shuka yana samar da ƙananan bushes, ganyensa suna da matsakaici a girman, duhu kore, inflorescences suna matsakaici. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari 5-6 masu girma iri ɗaya suna girma akan goga. Ripening uniform ne.
Bambance-bambancen tumatir na Grushovka wani nau’i ne na musamman na bayyanar ‘ya’yan itace, wanda shine fasalinsa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen wadannan tumatir na siffar elongated siffar, fadi a kasa, kama da pear ko barkono, wanda ya ba da sunan ga iri-iri. Grushovka kore tumatir a cikin hoton yana kama da ‘ya’yan itace cikakke, ba kayan lambu ba. Nauyin shine 90-120 g, wasu ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun kai 250 g. Tumatir suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi, ja mai haske ko ruwan hoda, da dandano mai ban mamaki tare da ɗan acidity. Bangaran ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da nama, ruwan hoda, m, abun cikin iri yayi ƙasa. An adana su da kyau kuma ba sa iya fashewa. Dogon adana gabatarwa da dandano a lokacin sufuri ya sa wannan nau’in ya zama jagora a cikin tumatir.
Yin amfani da waɗannan tumatir na duniya ne: suna da kyau ga pickling, gabaɗaya ko a yanka a cikin guda, don sarrafawa don samar da taliyar tumatir da miya, da kuma don amfani da sabo a cikin salads.
Halayen noma da kulawa
Kulawa mai kyau zai tabbatar da girbi mai kyau
Kafin dasa tumatir Grusovka, ana bada shawara don takin ƙasa tare da takin mai ɗauke da nitrogen. . Reviews na gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar takin da wuri a cikin fall, inda kuke shirin shuka tumatir a shekara mai zuwa, tono ƙasa tare da Bugu da kari na nitrogen-dauke da tushen lupine da ganye. An shawarci masu shayarwa suyi girma Grushovka a cikin hanyar gargajiya, ta amfani da seedlings.
Kula da tumatir Moscow Grusovka ya hada da masu zuwa:
- karba,
- Ruwa,
- da tsunkule,
- daure da brackets,
- saki,
- babban kantin,
- weeding da cire ciyawa,
- kariya daga cututtuka da kwari.
Seedling namo
Kafin shuka, yakamata a sarrafa tsaba ta hanyar sanya su a cikin wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate na mintuna 25-30 (5-8 g na potassium permanganate a kowace lita na ruwa). Maganin Zircon na iya zama kyakkyawan madadin potassium permanganate. A matsayin ƙarin jiyya, ana iya amfani da mai haɓaka haɓaka, tunda germination yana ƙaruwa sosai. Sa’an nan kuma ana wanke tsaba a cikin ruwa mai tsabta kuma a bushe dan kadan. Kuna iya shuka su ta hanyar nannade su a cikin gauze damp na kwanaki 1-2. Ana dasa tsaba a zurfin 2 cm, ajiye ɗan ƙaramin nesa tsakanin su don kada harbe ya shimfiɗa.
Lokacin germinating da tsaba, takin da substrate tare da hadaddun irin taki ko ƙara itace ash a cikin wani adadin 100-150 g kowace murabba’in mita.
A nan gaba, takin kowane kwanaki 14-20. Don amfanin abinci:
- shirye-shiryen sinadarai na babban nau’in aiki,
- Organic taki (taki, humus);
- shahararrun hanyoyin nazarin halittu (lupine saman, sauran tsire-tsire)
Duk da haka, don rage cutar da takin mai magani, yana yiwuwa a maye gurbin su da na halitta, wanda zai ba da damar shuka kyakkyawan amfanin gona na Grushovka.
Seedling kula
Seedlings ya kamata taurare
Matasa harbe Ya zama dole don shuka, kuma a lokaci guda tattara, a lokacin ganye na 2-3, wanda ke haɓaka haɓakawa da saurin girma na tushen tsarin tsirrai. Makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki a cikin bude ƙasa, seedlings suna buƙatar taurare, farawa daga rabin sa’a a cikin iska, sa’an nan kuma barin tsire-tsire na tsawon yini ɗaya kafin dasa shuki.
Tsire-tsire suna shirye don dasa shuki kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa a cikin shekaru 45-55. Lokacin da haɗarin sanyin dare ya wuce kuma ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa digiri 15, zaku iya dasa shuki a kan shafin. Ba fiye da tsire-tsire 5 ba ne a cikin murabba’in mita ɗaya. Ana bada shawara don kula da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a cikin jere na 30-40 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka – 70 cm. Lokacin shayarwa, ya kamata a kula da ruwan dumi. Ruwa a hankali a ƙarƙashin tushen don kada ruwan ya faɗo a kan ganye. Zai fi kyau a shuka tumatir a faɗuwar rana ko a cikin yanayin girgije don kada harbe mai laushi ya ƙone a rana.
Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, yana da kyau a kafa goyon baya ga harbe da kuma ɗaure shuke-shuke da su. Hakanan wajibi ne don aiwatar da matakan matakai don samar da bushes da kyau.Madaidaicin zaɓi, wanda ke samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa da manyan ‘ya’yan itace, shine samuwar daji wanda ya ƙunshi mai tushe 3-4.
Kariyar Grusovka daga cututtuka
Abin takaici, wannan nau’in tumatir ba ya nuna isasshen juriya ga cututtuka da kwari, sabili da haka yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.
Moscow Grushovka cututtuka:
Macrosporosis (ko launin ruwan kasa)
Wannan cuta na faruwa ne ta hanyar fungi da ke shafar tushe da ganye. Babban zafi kawai yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin ci gaban fungi. Hanya mafi kyau don sarrafa wannan ita ce amfani da maganin rigakafi wanda ya hada da jan karfe (shamaki).
viral mosaic
Ganyayyaki, kara da ‘ya’yan itatuwa an rufe su da wuraren marmara. A wannan yanayin, mafita kawai ita ce lalata tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa. Har ila yau, dole ne a cire ƙasar da ke kusa da tushen shuka mara lafiya. Ta haka ne kawai za a iya dakatar da yaduwar cutar zuwa wasu ciyayi.
Vertex rot
Tumatir ne kadai ke fama da wannan cuta. ‘Ya’yan itãcen tsire-tsire masu fama da cutar suna rufe da launin ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa a saman. Tumatir da ke girma a cikin ƙasa mara kyau na calcium ya fi shafan babba.
A matsayin hanyar rigakafin wannan cuta, ana ba da shawarar sanya shukar kwai a cikin ƙasa kafin a dasa su, a rarraba su a hankali a cikin rijiyoyi kuma a haɗa su da ƙasa.
ƙarshe
Wannan nau’in yana da matukar buƙata dangane da kulawa, duk da haka, halayen noman sa sun yi daidai da yanayin yawancin nau’ikan amfanin gona. Duk da haka, duk ƙoƙarin da aka yi don shuka wannan nau’in ba zai zama a banza ba, kuma lada zai zama girbi mai kyau na tumatir mai dadi da kyau. Tumatir na Moscow Grushovka iri-iri za a iya ba da shawarar ga kananan gonaki da kuma gidajen rani, inda duka lambun da lambun suke.
