Dasa cucumbers a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa yana buƙatar bin wasu yanayin zafin jiki da ƙa’idodi na asali na fasahar aikin gona. Ana iya samar da shi ta tsaba ko seedlings, la’akari da halaye na kowace hanya. Bari mu ga yadda da kuma lokacin da za a dasa cucumbers a cikin bude ƙasa ta amfani da hanyoyin shuka ko dasa shuki.
Dokokin dasa cucumbers a cikin bude ƙasa
Siffofin dasa shuki a cikin buɗe ƙasa
Temperatura
Don dasa cucumbers a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, ya zama dole cewa zafin jiki na duniya ya yi zafi har zuwa akalla 16-17 ° C. Cucumbers wani tsire-tsire ne na thermophilic wanda a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki yana jinkirin girma kuma sau da yawa ya mutu. A yankuna daban-daban, ana saita zafin da ake so a lokuta daban-daban: a cikin bazara ko lokacin rani, daga rabin na biyu na Mayu zuwa shekaru goma na farko na Yuni.
Daidai zafin jiki ne (ba iska ba) dole ne a auna shi a zurfin kusan 7-10 cm.
Lokacin saukarwa
Ana yin shuka tsaba na kokwamba a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a ranar 20 ga Mayu, muddin ƙasa ta yi zafi sosai. Ana yin dasa shuki a cikin tukwane makonni 2-3 kafin lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. Idan kun shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa a farkon bazara (daga tsakiyar watan Mayu), zaku iya rufe gadon da filastik filastik. Seedlings da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa a farkon watan Yuni gabaɗaya baya buƙatar ƙarin tsari.
Lokacin girma na amfanin gona yana kan matsakaicin kwanaki 40-45 (dangane da iri-iri da yanayi), don haka a lokacin rani dole ne ku shuka ba daga ƙarshen rabin na biyu na Yuli, in ba haka ba shuka ba zai sami lokacin girma da daskare ba.
Tsaba
Gogaggen lambu suna ba da shawarar dasa tsaba waɗanda aka adana tsawon shekaru 2-3, ko dasa tsaba da aka saya waɗanda aka riga aka daidaita don dasa. Kayan iri da kansa yana buƙatar shiri na farko – jiƙa.
Da farko, ana zuba tsaba tare da bayani na potassium permanganate na rabin sa’a, sa’an nan kuma a wanke da kuma sanya shi a cikin damp nama na kwanaki da yawa. Duk abin da ake buƙata shi ne don ɗanɗano tsaba lokaci-lokaci har sai tsiron farko ya bayyana (ta haka kowane iri zai iya toho – daga cucumbers da tumatir zuwa m chia sage). (a zazzabi na 48-2 ° C).
Ana shuka cucumbers tare da tsaba a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya. Yana da kyau a cire ƙasa da kyau a cikin kaka kuma a tono ta kafin dasa shuki. Tare da ruɓaɓɓen taki, za ku iya takin ƙasa kwanaki kaɗan kafin shuka, bugu da ƙari, shayar da wurin da ruwan zãfi da kuma rufe shi da kyau da fim. Idan lokacin shirye-shiryen ya yi kadan, zaku iya amfani da takin da aka siya mai narkewa kamar su superphosphate, ammophos ko humate 7.
Tsarin shuka
Lokacin dasawa, kiyaye nisa da aka ba da shawarar
Kuna iya dasa cucumbers iri a cikin ramuka daban ko a jere. Bisa ga makirci, tsawon irin wannan jere yana daga 70 cm zuwa 1 m, nisa tsakanin layuka shine 0,5 m. Ana shuka tsaba a nesa na 20 cm daga juna. Yawancin lambu suna ba da shawarar cewa don mafi kyawun germination ba kawai iri ɗaya a kowace rijiya ba, amma 2-3 ko ma 4-5 a lokaci guda.
Shawarwari na shuka
Kafin dasa shuki tsaba, furrow ko ramuka sun shayar da su gaba ɗaya, kuma bayan dasa shuki, an rufe shi da wani Layer na ƙasa, ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi kuma a sake shayar da shi. Zai fi kyau shuka tsaba a rana mai dumi, rana don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai daɗi nan da nan don germination.
Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da hanyar sutura don dasa shuki: rufe gado tare da filastik filastik, wanda zai kula da yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi da ake so. Bayan fitowar, ana buɗe fim ɗin lokaci-lokaci kuma a lokacin lokacin furanni an cire shi.
Tsaba
Ana dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa bayan an kafa tsire-tsire na ganye 2-3. A tsakiyar watan Mayu, lokacin dasa shuki, an rufe gadaje da tsare, a farkon Yuni za ku iya yin gaba ɗaya ba tare da. Tsaya ga makirci a cikin abin da 1 square. m tsire-tsire suna wakiltar tsire-tsire masu tsayi 3 ko tsire-tsire na daji 5. Zai fi kyau a dasa kokwamba a cikin layuka 2, ‘checkerboard’. A lokaci guda, nisa tsakanin ramukan ya kamata ya zama akalla 40 cm.
Don lissafta zurfin rami daidai, ya isa auna tukunyar da tsire-tsire ke girma. Seedling tare da dunƙule na ƙasa ya kamata ya dace a cikin rami, kuma idan ana amfani da tukunyar peat, to tare da shi. Ana shayar da ramin da kyau, bayan haka an gabatar da takin ko wasu taki. Ana dasa tsire-tsire a ciki kuma an danna dan kadan tare da ƙasa, sa’an nan kuma shayar da hankali. Yana da kyau a rufe ƙasa a kusa da tsire-tsire tare da busassun ciyawa don kada ruwa ya ƙafe da sauri. trellis Yana da kyau a shayar da shuka daga tukunyar ruwa, don kada ruwa na yanzu ya lalata ƙasa. Ya kamata ku dasa shuki da sassafe ko da yamma, a cikin girgije mai duhu ba tare da rana ba.
Kula da shuka
Kan lokaci thinning na shuke-shuke wajibi ne. A lokaci guda kuma, ya fi dacewa don karya karin rami kuma kada a cire shi tare da tushen (sabili da haka zaka iya lalata tushen tsarin). Har ila yau, cucumbers suna buƙatar pinching akan lokaci da tudu. Wani ma’aunin kulawa mai mahimmanci shine fesa tsire-tsire don jawo hankalin kwari don furen fure (2 g na boric acid, 100 g na sukari da 1 l na ruwan zafi).
Bugu da ƙari, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar sassauta ƙasa a hankali kuma su dasa su, a rufe su da hay ko bambaro, yayin da suke girma, an ɗaure mai tushe da turaku ko trellises, yana ba su damar murɗawa. Shayar da cucumbers da dare kuma kawai da ruwan dumi. Kafin flowering, zaka iya sha sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 4-5, sannan sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 2-3. Lokacin shayarwa, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa ruwan ba ya fada a kan ganye, in ba haka ba shuka zai ƙone.
Abincin
Mahimman matakan kulawa sun haɗa da ciyar da cucumbers akan lokaci. Don duk lokacin girma, ana bada shawarar aiwatar da 3-4 saman: lokacin da ganye na farko suka bayyana, lokacin lokacin furanni da lokacin lokacin ‘ya’yan itace. An shawarci ƙwararrun lambu don saka idanu sosai akan yanayin tsire-tsire don rama rashin wani nau’in ma’adinai na musamman a cikin lokaci. Wani madadin shine amfani da takin mai magani tare da hadadden abun da ke ciki, guje wa bayyanar kowane matsala.
Recommendationsarin shawarwari
- Menene cucumbers da za a shuka a cikin bude ƙasa don guje wa matsaloli da samun girbi mai kyau? Kwararru a fannin fasahar noma sun ba da shawarar zabar nau’ikan da ba su da tushe waɗanda ke jure wa kwari da sauyin yanayi.
- Akwai sanannen imani cewa ya kamata a dasa cucumbers a cikin bude ƙasa kafin ranar Triniti. Duk da haka, wannan yana da ma’ana kawai a yankuna inda zafin jiki na ƙasa da ake buƙata yana da lokacin dawowa. An haramta aikin lambu a Trinidad kanta: an yi imanin ƙasar za ta huta a ranar.
- Masana taurari sun ce kokwamba tsiro ce da ke da alaƙa da duniyar wata (musamman, saboda tana da yawa a cikin ruwa wanda wannan hasken ya mamaye shi), don haka, ana ba da shawarar daidaita shuka ko dasa cucumbers tare da kwanaki masu kyau bisa ga. kalanda na lunar. Gabaɗaya, ana dasa wannan al’ada a kan ƙaramin wata kuma ba a taɓa shuka shi a ranakun husufin wata ba.
- Tumatir, kabeji, dankali, wake, da albasa ana daukar mafi kyawun ‘magabatan’ ga cucumbers a cikin lambu. Mafi munin zaɓi shine shuka cucumbers maimakon noman kabewa. Kusa da gadon kokwamba, zaku iya shuka masara, beets, karas, albasa kore.
- Kafin shirya tsaba don shuka, ya kamata a jiƙa su cikin ruwa mai gishiri. Ana jefar da tsaba masu iyo nan da nan – ba su dace da shuka ba.
- Lokacin shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki ko shuka, zaka iya amfani da taki mai lalacewa ba kawai ba, har ma da manyan ganye, busassun ciyawa, sawdust. Har ila yau, akwai madadin hanyoyin takin cucumber a tsakanin mutane: maganin yisti, burodi, sharar kifi, har ma da giya.
- A lokacin zafi mai zafi, cucumbers za a iya rufe su da kyau saboda tsarin tushen yana shayar da kayan abinci mai kyau. A lokacin rani mai sanyi, yana da kyau a ba da fifiko ga suturar foliar (fesa maganin a kan ganye da mai tushe na shuka), tunda tushen tsarin ba zai iya ɗaukar takin mai magani yadda ya kamata ba. da 2 goyon baya (zaka iya amfani da ginshiƙi, bututu, da dai sauransu azaman tallafi). Ana jawo igiyoyi tsakanin masu goyan baya, barin tsire-tsire suyi tafiya a kansu. Wani lokaci ana amfani da igiya guda ɗaya kawai, wanda ake ɗaure zaren ɗaiɗaikun kowane daji.
