Kowace shekara ana samun ci gaba da noman dankalin turawa a kasuwa. Ɗaya daga cikin sababbin nau’in nau’i mai girma shine dankalin turawa na Granada. Masu kiwo na Jamus ne suka haife shi a cikin 2015.
Bayanin dankalin turawa Granada
Característica
Dankalin rumman yana cikin nau’ikan kayan abinci masu ban sha’awa. Wannan nau’in ya shahara a kasashen yammacin Turai da kuma yankin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet. Tsawon bushes zai dogara ne akan ingancin ƙasa. Dankali na wannan nau’in yana amsawa da kyau ga ciyarwa na yau da kullum.
Dankalin Granada na da nau’in marigayi, yana girma a cikin watanni 3.4 daga lokacin shuka. Yana jure matsanancin yanayin zafi da fari.
Bayanin shuka
Dangane da duk ka’idodin aikin gona, daji zai iya kaiwa 90 cm, a cikin ƙasa mai lalacewa tsayin daji zai kai 35 cm.
Bayanin dankalin turawa da halaye na iri-iri:
- kafa bushes, tare da m ganye,
- inflorescences sun ƙunshi buds 4-6, fararen furanni,
- daga 1 daji zaka iya tattara tubers 14-20.
Bayanin ‘ya’yan itace
Ana iya bayyana noman tushen kamar haka:
- tubers suna da girma, santsi, oblong a siffar.
- cuticle na bakin ciki ne, launin rawaya mai haske,
- nama a cikin sashin rawaya,
- naman ba ya rasa launi a lokacin lalacewa da maganin zafi,
- abun ciki na sitaci a cikin dankalin turawa shine 10-13%;
- A matsakaici, 1 tushen amfanin gona yana auna 100 g.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Iri-iri na dankalin turawa yana dacewa da sauri zuwa kowane yanayin yanayi. Yana iya girma a kowace irin ƙasa, amma yana ba da mafi girman yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai yashi. Babban fa’idar sabon nau’in shine babban juriya ga cututtukan da yawa na amfanin gona na inuwa:
- nematode na zinariya,
- ciwon baya,
- ciwon daji,
- Kwayoyin cutar virus,
- ɓawon burodi,
- ruɓe.
Pomegranate dankalin turawa yana da kyau a adana shi, yana da tsayayya ga lalacewa na inji kuma saboda haka ana iya jigilar shi ta hanyar nesa. Daga cikin gazawar akwai bukatar takin zamani iri-iri. Bugu da ƙari, Fusarium da Colorado dankalin turawa irin ƙwaro na iya faruwa.
Al’adu
Kasa a yankunan rana
A hanyoyi da yawa, aikin ya dogara da ingancin ƙasa. A kan ƙasa mai lalacewa da mara amfani, kuna buƙatar ƙara ƙarin taki ko amfani da hanyoyin dasawa marasa daidaituwa. Dangane da ingancin ƙasa, nisa tsakanin bushes zai bambanta daga 40 zuwa 60 cm.
An rarraba sabon nau’in dankalin turawa, Granada a matsayin mara fa’ida, iri-iri masu jure fari. Don samun girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar bin ka’idodin fasahar aikin gona da yin takin mai magani akan lokaci. Ya kamata a dasa dankali a buɗaɗɗen wurare masu haske.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Duk aikin shirye-shiryen yana farawa a cikin kaka, bayan girbi. Daga shafin kuna buƙatar tattara duk tushen, saman da weeds. Sannan ana yin noma mai zurfi kuma ana amfani da takin gargajiya.
A cikin bazara, an sake noma ƙasar, amma riga kafin dasa shuki, don haka saman saman ƙasa bai bushe ba. Suna yin takin ma’adinai, toka. Idan ƙasa tana da acidic, to ana amfani da garin dolomite maimakon ash.
Shirye-shiryen iri
Dankali don dasa shuki fara shiri nan da nan bayan girbi. Ya kamata ku zaɓi mafi uniform, manyan tubers. Idan ana zaɓi amfanin gona mai matsakaicin matsakaici don shuka wasu nau’ikan, to ana shuka Granada daga dankali mafi girma wanda zai iya ba da girbi mai kyau.
Idan kun ɗauki ƙananan tubers, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ragu sosai. Idan sprouts bayyana a kan dankalin turawa tsaba a cikin hunturu, ya fi kyau a cire su. A cikin bazara, ya kamata a cire iri daga cikin kwandon kayan lambu kuma a bi da su tare da masu kashe kwayoyin cuta. Ana aiwatar da germination daga baya ta amfani da ɗayan hanyoyin da suka dace.
Shuka
Ruman dankalin turawa cultivars fara shuka lokacin da ƙasa ta dumi akalla 8 ℃. Kuna iya dasa dankalin rumman ta hanyoyi biyu:
- dasa tsaba a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
- tsiro da tsire-tsire sannan a dasa su zuwa fili.
A cikin shari’ar farko, saukarwar yana faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu. A cikin na biyu, ana sanya tushen amfanin gona a cikin kwantena tare da cakuda peat da ƙasa. Bayan bayyanar harbe, dole ne a karya su kuma a dasa su a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi peat, yashi da ƙasa lambun. Harbe suna zurfafa da 2/3.
Ya kamata a shigar da kwalaye tare da tsire-tsire a cikin wuri mai haske kuma an rufe shi da fim a saman. Lokacin da harbe na farko ya bayyana, an cire fim din kuma kadan kadan tsire-tsire sun fara taurare. Tsire-tsire suna shirye don dasawa zuwa wuri mai buɗewa a cikin wata ɗaya.Wannan hanyar girma tana ba ku damar haɓaka yawan aiki ta hanyar 40%.
Hanyar shuka za ta dogara gaba ɗaya akan ingancin ƙasa da yanayin. A cikin yankunan da ke da zafi, bushewar yanayi da ƙasa mai haske, zaka iya dasa dankali a cikin ramuka ko furrows, har zuwa zurfin 10 cm. A cikin ƙasa mai laushi da m, zurfin shuka zai zama 5 cm. A cikin wuraren da ke da ƙasa mai nauyi, ƙasa mai laushi, ana yin ƙugiya don tayar da shrubs sama da saman ƙasa. A cikin marl, shawarar zurfin shuka bai wuce 5 cm ba.
Tsakanin layuka, barin nisa na 65-70 cm. 0.5 tsp. Ana sanya su a cikin kowane rami. itace toka. Idan babu wata hanyar samun toka, zaku iya amfani da hadadden ma’adinai na duniya. Lokacin dasa shuki dankalin wannan nau’in an hana amfani da taki sabo, in ba haka ba kayan iri na iya mutu gaba ɗaya.
Shuka kulawa
Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar hadi akai-akai
Halayen nau’in nau’in suna rarraba dankalin Granada a matsayin nau’ikan da ba su buƙata. nau’in yana jure wa fari, don haka lokacin da matsakaicin adadin ruwan sama ya faɗi, ba za ku iya shayar da shi ba har sai fure. Tsire-tsire suna neman takin zamani.
Ana ba da shawarar shuka ƙasa tsakanin layuka sau da yawa a lokacin kakar, yantar da shi daga ciyawa. Sake ƙasa muhimmin mataki ne. Wannan yana inganta iskar ƙasa kuma yana hana danshi stagnation.
Hilling
Wannan hanya ya kamata a yi akalla sau 2 kafin tsire-tsire su girma. Da farko, ana yin shinge na 10 cm, tare da bayyanar harbe 15 cm. A karo na biyu, tudun yana faruwa makonni 3 bayan na farko. Hilling wajibi ne ba kawai don kare amfanin gona daga sanyi mai yuwuwa ba, har ma don samar da daji mai kyau. Wannan hanya tana taimakawa haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ta hanyar daidaitawa, ana samun ƙarin tushe na ƙasa.
Abincin
Gabaɗaya, daga lokacin shuka, ana amfani da takin mai magani sau 4. A karo na farko suna amfani da gaurayawan ma’adinai ko ash lokacin dasa shuki. Sannan ana takin kasar bayan kwanaki 28 daga lokacin shuka. Taki tare da urea, potassium sulfate, ko superphosphates.
A karo na uku ana amfani da takin zamani a lokacin samuwar toho da kuma karo na hudu bayan flowering. Ana ba da shawarar Urea azaman taki. Dole ne a yi amfani da takin gargajiya sosai don kada a ƙone tushen. Idan an ƙara wannan zuriyar dabbobi, ana ƙara 0.5 kg a kowace lita 10 na ruwa kuma nace har tsawon mako guda. Sannan su shayar da tsirrai.
Cututtuka da rigakafin
Sau da yawa amfanin gona yana fama da alternariosis, wanda ke shafar duk sassan tsarin shuka, da fusarium. Rigakafin shine maganin tubers a cikin mataki na shiri. Sa’an nan kuma ana gudanar da maganin rigakafi yayin dasawa da kuma sau da yawa a lokacin girma, kafin dasa shuki da lokacin amfani da Bactofit ko Planriz. A lokacin girma, ana amfani da Kuproksat da Riba.
Ana ɗaukar ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado a matsayin kwaro mafi muni, da kuma wireworm. Sau da yawa, Killer, Destroy, Gulliver, da dai sauransu ana amfani da su don hana faruwarsu. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar zalunta makircin tare da herbicides lokacin shirya ƙasa a cikin kaka.
Girbi da ajiya
An shirya girbi don girbi kwanaki 120-140 bayan shuka. A bushes a hankali tono da kuma tattara tubers da hannu. Nan da nan a cikin lambun, an rarraba dankali, an zubar da tubers masu lalacewa.
Ana ajiye tubers a cikin iska don 2-3 hours. Ana sanya su a cikin akwatuna kuma a bar su na tsawon makonni biyu a cikin wani daki mai duhu, a hankali rage yawan zafin iska. Sa’an nan kuma an sake rarraba shi, an ninka kayan iri daban, an zubar da tubers da suka lalace kuma a sauke su zuwa kantin kayan lambu.
Ana ba da shawarar fesa kayan iri tare da maganin jan karfe sulfate don adana shi na dogon lokaci. Ƙara 2 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi a kowace lita 10 na ruwa. A cikin lokacin hunturu, wajibi ne don duba tubers don yin sarauta daga lalacewa.
Bangare na karshe
Dankalin Granada ya bayyana kwanan nan, amma ya riga ya ɗauki matsayinsa na girmamawa a cikin mafi kyau da kuma manyan masu yin wasan kwaikwayo. Irin dankalin turawa suna da dandano mai kyau, suna riƙe launi da siffar bayan maganin zafi, saboda haka suna nufin nau’in tebur na duniya. Nau’in ba ya buƙatar kulawa.
Granada na iya girma a kowace irin ƙasa. Ana lura da mafi girman yawan aiki a cikin haske da ƙasa yashi mai yashi. amfanin gona yana buƙatar takin mai magani. Halin al’ada yana jawo hankalin masu amfani da yawa. Yawancin waɗanda suka riga sun gwada shi a cikin kasuwancin sun gamsu sosai da yawan aiki da dandano.
