A cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya, ciki har da Belarus, ana ɗaukar dankali a matsayin ‘gurasa na biyu’. Mafi kyawun nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan ƙwararru ne suka haɓaka, la’akari da yankuna uku na yanayin da ake samu a wannan ƙasa. Jamhuriyar Belarus ita ce kan gaba a duniya wajen samar da dankalin turawa ga kowane mutum kuma tana matsayi na bakwai a yawan samar da kayayyaki a tsakanin dukkan kasashe. Kwararru suna haɓaka sabbin iri ta yadda tubers ke samar da ingantaccen amfanin gona a duk yankuna na yanayi na ƙasar. Wannan labarin ya bayyana dankalin turawa Belarusian.
Belarusian dankalin turawa iri
Halayen dankalin Belarus
An kafa nau’ikan dankalin Belarus na dogon lokaci, mafi jure wa kwari da sauye-sauyen yanayi daban-daban, yawancin lambu a duniya sun fi son mafi kyawun nau’in dankalin Belarus tare da bawo mai ruwan hoda ko rawaya, farkon ko matsakaici-da wuri, don cin tubers matasa. kuma ku ji daɗin ɗanɗano mai laushi.
Amfanin
- Babban aiki.
- Kyakkyawan bayyanar tubers.
- Babban juriya ga kowane irin cututtuka.
- Kyakkyawan dandano
- Da ikon adana ƙãre shuka kayayyakin na dogon lokaci.
- Dankalin da ke zuwa tsaba, ba tashar jiragen ruwa Yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo ba.
Zaɓin nau’in da ya dace don yankinku zai ba ku girbi mai girma don rukunin yanar gizon ku.
Iri iri-iri
An raba nau’in dankalin turawa na Belarushiyanci ta hanyar yawan amfanin ƙasa, abun ciki na sitaci, da balaga. Kowane mai lambu yana zaɓar wa kansa nau’ikan zaɓi na Belarushiyanci wanda ya fi dacewa don girma a ƙasarsa.
Za a iya samun iri masu daɗi waɗanda za su iya samar da girbi mai yawa a cikin nau’in rawaya da kuma tsakanin nau’in launin ruwan hoda. . Idan kuna son gwada dasa sabon iri a rukunin yanar gizonku, amma ba ku yanke shawarar wane ba tukuna, zaku iya zaɓar sabbin nau’ikan iri da yawa don shuka.
Farko iri
Uladar iri-iri
Nau’in farko na kowane zaɓin dankalin turawa na Belarushiyanci sun shahara tare da ƙwararrun lambu da masu sha’awar sha’awa.Uladar iri-iri yana da kyakkyawan aiki da ɗanɗano. Yana da cikakken riƙe siffarsa da tsarinsa yayin dafa abinci. Sitaci ya bambanta a cikin kewayon 15%. Gibin ya kai cents 716 a kowace kadada. Uladar iri-iri yana da juriya ga cututtuka da lalacewar injiniya. Lokacin girma wannan nau’in, zaɓi wuri mai buɗewa, wuri mai haske a cikin ƙasa mai kyau. Ana shuka shuka daga arewa zuwa kudu, ta yadda rana ta kasance daidai da rarraba ko’ina cikin yankin da aka noma.
Ka guje wa ƙasa, inda shuka ya yi girma shekaru biyu a jere, saboda wannan yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka kuma yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Ya kamata a ci dankali matasa na nau’in Uladar da wuri-wuri, saboda ba za a adana su na dogon lokaci ba. A ajiye ‘ya’yan itatuwa a wuri mai sanyi, duhu. Ba za ku iya adana tubers tare da apples ba, yayin da suke fitar da iskar gas mai cutarwa – ethylene. Ana bada shawara don wanke tubers kawai nan da nan kafin cin abinci. Ana buƙatar noman weedar iri-iri na ciyawa da sauri, a shayar da su, da ciyawa, da kuma ƙara takin zamani da sarrafa manyan ƙwaro na dankalin turawa da ƙwayoyin cuta na Colorado. Kada mu manta da takin shuka tare da takin mai magani masu dacewa a lokacin girma na matasa iri-iri.
Iri-iri na alkama
Belarushiyanci noma dankali dankalin turawa yana da farkon tuberization kuma, a sakamakon haka, girbi mai sauri. Tubers suna daidaitawa, m. Bayanin yana nuna cewa ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da dadi sosai kuma ana iya amfani dasu sabo ne, daga karshen Yuli zuwa karshen Disamba. Wani nau’in kifi na sunfish saboda ƙananan sitaci, yana da tsayayya ga lalacewa. Kusan dukkanin nau’in dankalin turawa na farko na zaɓin Belarushiyanci suna da rigakafi mai kyau da juriya ga cututtuka. Lokacin ajiya don nau’in Zorochidae ya dogara sosai akan yanayi, yanayin ƙasa, da bambancin yanki. Don dasa zorachki, kuna buƙatar tono rami mai zurfin cm 10 kuma sanya tubers iri a cikin rami.
Ana ba da shawarar cika ramin tare da ƙasa kuma rufe shuka. Girbin zai dogara ne akan lokacin germination, fure, yanayin yanayi a lokacin girbi, da girman tubers da kuke son girma. Iri na farkon lokacin gida suna girma a cikin kwanaki 60-70. Don tattara ‘ya’yan itatuwa mafi girma da mafi girma, wajibi ne a girbi lokacin da ganye ya daina ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga tubers. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole don cire ganyen da suka fadi zuwa tushe kuma jira kwanaki 10-14 kafin girbi, don ‘ya’yan itacen su iya haɓaka fata mai kauri. Kar a dade da yawa ko tubers na iya fara rubewa.
Irin dankalin turawa a tsakiyar zuwa farkon
Iri-iri na girbi
An sanya sunan iri-iri saboda launin harsashi
Bayanin ya nuna cewa sunan kayan da aka fassara daga Belarushiyanci a matsayin ‘dukiya’ saboda tubers masu launin zinari ko rawaya kuma tubers sun yi kama da sanduna na zinariya. Yawan aiki a cikin 630 kg / ha. Harsashi yana da launin beige da siffar oblong. Sitaci yana cikin kewayon 13-17%. Ƙasa tare da acidity mafi girma ya fi dacewa ga wannan nau’in, amma wannan abu ba shi da mahimmanci, saboda shuka zai girma a cikin ƙasa daban-daban. Fara shirya wurin dasa shuki da kyau a gaba (Nuwamba/Disamba) domin ƙasar ta zama takin kafin shuka. Cire duk ciyawar kuma a tono wurin a hankali, cire manyan duwatsu kuma a yi takin tare da ɗimbin ruɓaɓɓen kwayoyin halitta ko takin potash.
Bayani iri-iri
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne zagaye ko oblong. Ana iya kiran naman ruwan hoda ko ja tare da ɗan bayyanar ido. Yawancin lambu sun fi son siyan irin wannan dankalin turawa, saboda kyakkyawan fata mai ruwan hoda da dandano mai faɗi. Sitaci a cikin bayyanar iri-iri ya bambanta tsakanin 13%, samarwa har zuwa 740 c / g. Bambance-bambancen bayyanar yana dacewa da nematode. Dankali kuma yana da juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka na kowa. Cututtuka masu yuwuwa su ne ƙona marigayi, wanda ya zama ruwan dare musamman a lokacin zafi, yanayin zafi a ƙarshen rani, ko kansar dankalin turawa.
Tare da irin waɗannan cututtuka, launin ruwan kasa mai duhu yana bayyana akan ganye, musamman a kan tukwici na ganye da gefensu. Wadannan raunuka suna haifar da fararen fungal spores a ƙarƙashin ganyen, kuma ƙarin raunuka suna tasowa a kan mai tushe. Ganye da mai tushe da sauri suna yin baki suna ruɓe suna haifar da lalata shuka. Ana fitar da ɓangarorin cikin iska kuma suna bazuwa cikin sauri don cutar da saukowa makwabta. Haka kuma ana iya jan su zuwa kasa, inda za su iya cutar da tubers, suna haifar da jajayen launin ruwan kasa kai tsaye a karkashin fata, wanda a hankali ya bazu zuwa tsakiyar tuber. Don jiyya da kawar da cututtuka, ya kamata a yi amfani da fesa dankalin turawa tare da fungicides mai karewa.
Iri-iri na iska
Bayanin ya nuna cewa ire-iren iskar tana nufin nau’in matsakaiciyar samar da wuri da wuri kuma masu fa’ida sosai. Ana iya girbe dankalin turawa har zuwa kilogiram 630/ha, tare da karancin sitaci. Abubuwan amfani suna da kyau, ɗan narkewa. Ikklisiya iri-iri suna amsa da kyau ga haɓakar ma’adinan ƙasa. Ya dace sosai don cikawa da tsaftacewa. Daga cikin cututtuka masu yuwuwa, iska tana shafar slugs. Irin wannan kwari yana lalata ganye masu tasowa da tubers.
Lalacewar a bayyane take, saboda ana iya gano ‘masu laifi’ cikin sauƙi ta hanyar lallausan ƙusa da aka bari a gefen ganyen shuka da saman ƙasa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kashe slugs da katantanwa, gami da magungunan gida kamar tarkon giya. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ita ce yin amfani da slug pellets ko don ƙarin lambun lambu za ku iya siyan kaset ɗin jan karfe. Sabon mashahurin tsakiyar Belarusian cultivar shine madauki. Halayensa sun dace da duka masana’antu da bukatun mabukaci. Daban-daban na lagoons suna da babban abun ciki na sitaci, har zuwa 22%, kyakkyawan yawan amfanin ƙasa ( cents 630 a kowace hectare). Wawa kuma ba ya yin riya yayin zabar bene. Bai kamata a ciyar da alade tare da takin mai magani ba, tunda tare da yawan adadin takin nitrogen musamman, ɓangaren sama ya fara girma da sauri, wanda ke haifar da raguwar tubers.
Dankali yana girma sosai a cikin ƙasa mara kyau, maras kyau. Tubers na buƙatar danshi akai-akai, don haka kuna buƙatar ruwa akai-akai, musamman a lokacin da tubers suka fara farawa. Dole ne a yi magudanar ruwa kafin shuka ya yi fure. Girbin ya dogara da lokacin da kuka shuka dankali. Kuna buƙatar tono shuka a ranar bushewa. A tona a hankali, a kula da kada a lalata tubers, a sa busasshiyar wuri mai sanyi har zuwa makonni biyu. Wannan yana ba da damar ‘fata’ ɗinku don daidaitawa, wanda ke adana amfanin gonakin ku.
Crane iri-iri
Wani nau’in crane yana da yawa a Belarus. Kasancewar sitaci ya bambanta daga 14 zuwa 19%, tubers suna zagaye, kwasfa yana da launin ja. Samar da tubers na kasuwa ya kai 97%, yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 640 c / g, wanda ke sanya wannan nau’in a cikin sabbin matakan shahara tsakanin masu lambu. Zhuravinka yana yaki da cututtuka daidai kuma yana da kyawawan kayan abinci. Wani nau’in crane na iya lalacewa ta hanyar cuta kamar scabs. scabs na yau da kullun yana barin raunuka na cortical akan fatar ‘ya’yan itacen kuma suna iyakance damar ajiyarsa.
Ko da yake wannan cuta ba ta shafar dandano kuma ana iya ba da ita cikin sauƙi, tana sa dankalin ya zama ƙasa da kyan gani. Cutar na faruwa ne ta hanyar kwayoyin cuta wadanda sukan kasance a cikin taki kuma suna zurfafa a cikin ƙasa mai yashi da yashi a yanayin bushe. Don rage haɗarin irin wannan cuta, ana bada shawara don sarrafa shuka da kuma kula da su yadda ya kamata, inganta yanayin ƙasa mara kyau ta hanyar ƙara kwayoyin halitta.
