ƙwararrun manoma da masu aikin lambu – Masu sha’awar sha’awa suna yin iya ƙoƙarinsu don samun girbin dankalin turawa. Suna aiwatar da matakai da yawa don kula da shuka, gami da shayarwa, ciyarwa, yaƙi da kwari da cututtuka. Idan duk aikin yana da kyau, to kada ku ji tsoron ingancin tubers. Wani lokaci yanayi yana rushe tsare-tsaren kula da tsire-tsire kuma saman dankalin turawa mai baƙar fata zai iya bayyana, yana nuna cewa tsire-tsire na buƙatar magani na gaggawa.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da baƙar fata a saman dankali
Lokacin da iyakoki suka canza launi
Canjin launi na yanayi na iyakoki yana faruwa tare da balagaggen fasaha na dankali da aka shirya don girbi. A ƙarshen lokacin rani, bushes sun bushe, ganyen sun juya launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa kuma suna iya faɗuwa – wannan alama ce ta tsire-tsire masu lafiya da tubers masu inganci.
Idan saman dankalin ya bushe kuma ya juya baki a tsayin lokacin girma, to zamu iya ɗauka cewa cutar ta shafi tsire-tsire. Canje-canje na pathogenic na iya haifar da cututtuka kamar:
- marigayi blight da tubers,
- fungal alternariosis,
- bushe bushe,
- baki baki,
- baki kafa.
saman da ganyen dankalin turawa sannu a hankali ya zama baki, sannan ya bushe ko rube. A cikin sel, samuwar chlorophyll yana katsewa kuma abubuwan gina jiki ba su kai ga tubers ba.
Lightarshen bala’i
Late blight ana la’akari da mafi hatsarin dukan cututtuka.
Cutar ta fara ne tare da shigar da oomycete (wani kwayoyin halitta) cikin kwayoyin halitta. Saurin haɓaka wannan kwayar cutar parasitic yana haifar da saurin kamuwa da cuta a duk yankin tare da dankali.
Na farko, tare da cutar, ganye suna shafar, kuma ana iya gano alamunsa cikin sauƙi. Launi mai laushi, farar fata yana bayyana a ƙarƙashin kowace ganyen ganye, a hankali yana faɗaɗawa kuma ya zama rigar launin ruwan kasa. Idan yanayin ya kasance jika, daji yana rubewa gaba ɗaya, kuma a cikin yanayin bushewa mai zafi shuka ta bushe.
Ta hanyar bugun ɓangaren sama na shuka, oomycete, ta cikin capillaries na manyan sassan, yana motsawa zuwa tushen tsarin kuma yana cutar da tubers. Har ila yau, suna da tabo, ruɓe da ƙamshi mara daɗi. Cutar tana yaduwa ta hanyar kamuwa da meltwater ko sporangia a wurin kuma ana ɗaukar su da takalma da kayan aiki.
Madadin
Wannan cutar fungal tana farawa makonni biyu kafin barkewar cutar. lokacin da dankalin turawa yayi girma da karfi.
Necrotic black spots bayyana a kan ƙananan ganye da kuma mika mai tushe.
Cututtukan naman gwari
Yana da kusan ba zai yiwu a ajiye amfanin gona ba saboda, ta hanyar shiga cikin tubers, naman gwari yana lalata tsarin ɓangaren litattafan almara. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna lalacewa kuma suna haifar da kamuwa da ƙasa ta hanyar fungi pathogenic. Rikici ya isa wurin da kuma wakilin da ke haifar da rashin lafiya.
Fusarium
Dalilin wannan cuta shine naman gwari wanda ke mamaye ƙwayar shuka a lokacin lokacin harbe-harbe mai yawa.
Ganye ya bushe daga ƙasa zuwa sama, karkatarwa kuma ya faɗi.
Ciwon tubers, idan an adana su, an rufe su da bushe bushe, baƙar fata suna bayyana a kansu. Lokacin tsananin lalacewa ya faɗi a cikin matattun hunturu.
Rizoctoniosis
Baƙar fata scab naman gwari yana ratsa cikin tasoshin da capillaries na shuka.
Jijiyoyin da ke kan mai tushe da ganye suna yin launin ruwan kasa. Wani matashin shuka zai iya ruɓe gaba ɗaya, kuma lignified harbe yayi kauri kuma ya bushe.
A kan tubers, yana da wuya a lura da shan kashi na naman gwari. Sclerotia su kamar ƴan ƙullun laka ne. Amma idan dattin yana da sauƙin wankewa, ɓangarorin da ke manne da harsashi.
Baƙar ƙafa
A cikin ruwan sama, wannan cuta tana tasowa sau da yawa.
Buga matasa harbe a gindin daji. Sama da ganyayen suna yin baki, su rufe su da ruɓar soso kuma su mutu, su zama tushen sabon buguwar cuta.
Shuka ya fara rubewa daga ƙasa, aibobi na ɗanɗano baƙar fata suna bayyana, kuma abinci mai gina jiki na tubers wanda ya fara tsayawa yana tsayawa. Saboda haka, ‘ya’yan itatuwa rot, da wuya su bayyana. Idan stolons ba su da lokaci don samuwa, to, sashin iska da tsarin tushen sun lalace gaba daya.
Yaki da cututtukan dankalin turawa
Lokacin da aka gano alamun farko na cututtuka, ya zama dole a fara magance tsire-tsire nan da nan. Hanyoyi daban-daban na adana dankali sun dace da wannan.
- Fesa tare da maganin cakuda Bordeaux.
- Aiwatar da jan karfe chloride don maganin foliar.
- Suna bi da tsire-tsire tare da hanyoyin jama’a.
- Kare dasa shuki da sinadarai.
A cikin ƙaramin yanki, zaku iya cire sassan da aka shafa na shuke-shuke, sannan sarrafa saman dankali. Irin wannan aikin ba zai yiwu ba a yankunan masana’antar dankalin turawa.
Ana shirya maganin cakuda Bordeaux da jan karfe chloroxide bisa ga umarnin, fesa ganye a hankali, ɗaukar bangarorin biyu na ganyen ganye. Maimaita hanya kowane kwanaki 7.
Sauran hanyoyin
Madadin hanyoyin magani sun haɗa da kula da bushes da abubuwa kamar:
- madara,
- madara,
- jiko tafarnuwa a ruwa,
- maganin iodine,
- tricolor superphosphate rini.
Ana diluted kayayyakin kiwo da ruwan dumi 1: 1 kuma an fesa su a kan makircin tare da bindiga mai feshi, yana rufe dukkan sassan daji da ganye.
Ana zuba tafarnuwa da aka yanka da ruwa 1: 1 kuma an nace a dakin da zafin jiki na kwanaki 2. Tace a tsomasu da ruwa 1:10. Bayan haka, ana fesa tsire-tsire.
Wani lokaci ana haɗa jiyya na aidin tare da feshin madara ko maganin whey. Lokacin amfani da aidin kadai da kuma lokacin da aka hade tare da wasu kwayoyi, wajibi ne a gabatar da 15 saukad da a kowace lita 1 na ruwa, wanda zai isa ba ya ƙone ganye da ƙananan harbe.
Ana buƙatar maganin superphosphate mai rauni na kwana 1 kuma ana ƙara kwamfutar hannu 1 a ciki. Trichopol a cikin 1 l. Mix da sarrafa tsire-tsire da kyau.
Binciken
Copper kuparos
taimaka ga. Yadda za a bi da tsire-tsire, yana da kyau don hana ci gaban fungi da ƙwayoyin cuta. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar bin ka’idodin shirya shafin da iri.
Don lalata ƙasa, ana amfani da Fitosporin-M, wanda aka shirya bisa ga umarnin kan fakiti. Kuna iya zubar da ƙasa tare da bayani na jan karfe sulfate, maida hankali ba fiye da 1%.
Kafin dasa shuki dankali, yana da kyau a shuka koren taki a cikin fall. Mafi kyawun magabata ga dankali sune legumes kamar wake, wake, da wake. Hakanan zaka iya shuka hatsin hunturu ko farin mustard.
Lokacin dasa shuki tubers, an riga an shirya su da jan karfe sulfate. Don lita 1 na ruwa, ana buƙatar 0,3 g na abu. Kuna iya amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Maxim, kuma don lalata tare da kwayoyin biofungicides, zaɓi Agat-25K. Yana disinfects da tubers da stimulates samuwar sprouts.
Sarrafa filin dankalin turawa
Bayan fitowar tsire-tsire, zaku iya fara aiki don kare tsire-tsire daga ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi. Rigakafin cututtuka, ta kowane shiri, ya kamata a gudanar da shi a lokacin girma na dankali, tare da hutu na makonni 2.
Kyakkyawan sakamako shine mulching ridges tare da yankakken bambaro ko hay. A wannan yanayin, mashaya hay yana tasowa a cikin ciyawa, wanda zai iya lalata fungal sporangia kowane irin.
Bayan girbi, bai kamata a bar tubers ya bushe kai tsaye a wurin ba. Zai fi kyau a shirya wuri mai duhu da kuma canja wurin dankali a can. Ya kamata a ƙone dukkan saman da tushen tsarin shuke-shuke, koda kuwa kun san babu ƙwayoyin cuta a yankinku.
