Phytophthora cuta ce mai haɗari mai haɗari wanda ke iya lalata kusan dukkanin shuka dankali da shuke-shuken nightshade. Buckwheat, strawberries da sauran amfanin gona ba su da tasiri. A cikin ƙarnuka da suka wuce, wannan ƙwayar cuta ta haifar da yunwa. Phytophthora a cikin dankali yana bayyana ta tabo masu duhu da fararen furanni waɗanda ke rufe saman. A tubers fara rot a cikin ƙasa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na yaƙar fungi da rigakafin kamuwa da cuta, amma har yanzu cutar ba ta ci nasara ba har zuwa ƙarshe.
Hanyoyin da za a magance rashin lafiya a cikin dankali
Dalilan kamuwa da cutar marigayi
Kwayoyin Mycelial na halittar Phytophthora suna haifar da kumburi a cikin dankali. Ba kamar naman gwari ba, bangon tantanin su bai ƙunshi chitin ba, sai dai cellulose, a fannin ilimin kimiya, sun fi kusa da shuke-shuke fiye da fungi, saboda phytophthora mai haddasa cututtuka na shuka, an sanya shi a cikin rukuni daban-daban na taxonomic.
Yana parasitizes microorganisms a cikin inuwa (dankali, tumatir, aubergines), amma kuma yana iya shafar sauran shuke-shuke. Yaduwa ta hanyar zoospores waɗanda ke da ƙarfi a cikin yanayin waje. Phytophthora a hankali yana sanyi a ƙasa har ma da sanyi mai nauyi. Zoospores ana kiyaye su da kyau a saman ƙasa, saman na bara, tubers har ma a cikin jakunkuna masu datti ko kayan aiki, don haka ana ba da shawarar yin lalata bayan girbi.
A cikin bazara, lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi sama da 10 ° C, zoospores suna tsiro. Wannan yana ba da gudummawar haɓakar zafi a cikin yanki na 75-90%. Ba abin mamaki ba ne ana samun bullar cutar a cikin dankalin turawa, musamman sau da yawa a cikin shekarun damina. Phytophthora sau da yawa yana bayyana akan dankalin da aka dasa a cikin filin fadama da kuma a cikin ƙasa.
Cutar ta faru ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Idan kun yi amfani da kayan shuka marasa lafiya, naman gwari zai fara yadawa zuwa tushen sa, sa’an nan kuma zuwa tushe da ganye, za a shafa matasan tubers nan da nan. Wannan tsari iri ɗaya ne na yaduwar cututtuka yayin kamuwa da ƙasa. Phytophthora yana canzawa zuwa dankali ta iska kuma yana cutar da saman. Sa’an nan kuma ruwan sama ya wanke spores, ya faɗi ƙasa kuma ya cutar da ƙananan ɓangaren shuka. Idan an kama cutar da wuri kuma an yi maganin shuka, tubers za su kasance lafiya.
Alamun ciwon mara
Dangane da bayanin, lokacin shiryawa na dankalin turawa marigayi blight yana daga kwanaki 3 zuwa 16. Da farko, cutar ba a lura da ita ba, musamman tare da shan kashi na farko na tubers, to, launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a saman. A gefen ganyen, an ga wani farar fata, wanda yayi kama da sirara ta cobweb. Wannan shine mycelium na naman gwari. Bayan bayyanar cututtuka na farko, cutar ta ci gaba da sauri. Filayen suna bushewa kuma suna bushewa na kwanaki da yawa.
Idan ka tono tubers daga ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji mai kamuwa da cuta, za ka ga ɗigon launin ruwan kasa wanda bai dace ba ya rufe saman dankalin turawa. Sashen yana nuna yadda naman gwari ke shiga zurfin cikin tuber, hanyoyin launin ruwan kasa suna tafiya daga saman zuwa tsakiya, sannan dankalin turawa ya fara rubewa. Ba za a iya barin wani abu a ƙarƙashin bushes a lokacin girbi.
Har ila yau, tubers masu lalacewa suna lalacewa lokacin da aka adana su. Bayan ‘yan makonni, dukan wadata yana juya zuwa wani ruɓaɓɓen taro.
Rigakafin ciwon mara
Cuta kamar dankalin turawa marigayi blight yana da wuyar magance shi, domin babbar hanyar magance ta ita ce hana ta. . An biya kulawa ta musamman ga kayan shuka. Ba za ku iya dasa tubers tare da aibobi ba, alamun rot.
Don gano cutar latent, tubers suna warmed kafin dasa shuki a zazzabi na 15-18 ° C na makonni 1-2. Purple-brown spots ko rot bayyana nan da nan a kan shafi tubers. Kafin dasa shuki, yana da kyawawa don bi da su tare da fungicides. Misali, jan karfe sulfate, immunocytophyte ko agate-25. Germination kafin dasa shuki a cikin dakin sanyi yana ba da sakamako mai kyau.
Ba shi yiwuwa a kare dankali daga marigayi blight ba tare da shirye-shiryen ƙasa mai kyau ba. Ba za ku iya shuka amfanin gona bayan tumatir, eggplants, buckwheat – ƙasa na iya kamuwa da cuta. Bai kamata waɗannan tsire-tsire su girma kusa da filin dankalin turawa ba. Idan phytophthora ya fara da tumatir, zai yada zuwa dankali kuma. A wuri guda ba a ba da shawarar shuka dankali fiye da sau 2-3 a jere ba. Al’adu yana girma da kyau bayan legumes, hatsi, mustard. Suna haƙa ciyawa a cikin fall, amma ba sa yanke su ko fitar da su daga cikin gona. Yana yin kyakkyawan taki kuma mustard yana hana kamuwa da cuta a ƙarshen dankali.
Shuka bai kamata ya zama mai yawa ba, to cutar ta yadu a hankali daga daji zuwa daji. Yana da kyau a zabi wani wuri a cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri, maɗaukaki, wuri mai kyau tare da hasken rana. Wajibi ne a yi tudu a lokacin rani, weeds: to, dankali ba su da lafiya.
Kafin girbi, ana yanke tukwici kuma an cire su daga filin, ba tare da digging ba. Yi girbi da wuri-wuri har sai an yi ruwan sama. Don guje wa lalacewa, amfanin gona yana bushe kafin a adana shi a cikin cellar na makonni 2-3.
Bayan girbi, ana tsabtace ƙasa sosai daga saman da sauran tubers.
Phytophthora yana tasowa a cikin dankali idan an tara shi da yawan nitrogen, daga wannan, ganyen suna girma sosai kuma tubers suna girma sosai. Potassium da phosphate takin mai magani, a daya bangaren, yana hana cututtuka. Wannan babban maganin fungicides ne.
Kayayyakin rigakafin
Duk tsire-tsire suna buƙatar sarrafa su
Don hana cutar, zaka iya amfani da magunguna masu mahimmanci don rashin jin daɗi a kan dankali. Aiwatar da sunadarai na masana’antu, hanyoyin jama’a.
Ana yin rigakafin cututtukan marigayi a cikin dankali tare da fungicides masu zuwa:
- jan karfe sulfate (2 g da guga);
- Liquid Bordeaux,
- ‘Arcedil’,
- ‘Ridomil RC’,
- ‘Oksikhom’,
- ‘Fitosporin’,
- serum ko reverse,
- aidin.
Yana da kyau a bi da duk kayan dasa shuki tare da shirye-shirye, sannan fesa harbe na farko. Jiyya na uku yana farawa a watan Yuni, lokacin da shuka ya haɓaka da ƙarfi. Lokacin da lokacin rani ya jike, ana sake fesa shuka da hanyoyi na musamman a ƙarshen Yuli, bayan fure. Bayan flowering, yana da kyau a yi amfani da kwayoyi masu zuwa:
- ‘Vitamin M-45’ (30 g / l),
- jan karfe oxychloride (60 g / 15 l),
- Cuproxate (40 g / 15 l).
Ana aiwatar da tukwici da ganye a kan naman gwari sau biyu tare da hutu na mako guda. Abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka suna ba da sakamako mai kyau, anan ga allurai a cikin lita 15 na ruwa:
- ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari – 150 ml,
- ‘Excil’ – 5 ml,
- ‘Epin’ ko ‘Epin Plus’ – 3 ml,
- ‘Ecosil VE’ – 5 ml.
Zai fi dacewa don tayar da tsire-tsire tare da abubuwan motsa jiki a farkon lokacin girma. Irin waɗannan matakan suna sa tsire-tsire su fi ƙarfi, bayan haka cutar ta ƙarshe ta fi sauƙi don magance su.
Amfani da resistant iri
Shekaru da yawa, masu shayarwa suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka nau’in blight na marigayi. Abin baƙin ciki, babu dankali ne gaba daya m ga cutar. Amma akwai nau’o’in ƙasa da ƙasa da naman gwari ya shafa. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
- Rosara,
- bazara,
- Li’azaru,
- Nevsky,
- Arina,
- Satumba,
- Lafiya,
- Mavka,
- Fi’ili,
- Visa,
- Kyakkyawa,
- Tomich,
- Mai bakin ciki.
Lokacin zabar nau’ikan masu tsayayya, yana da mahimmanci a kula da ko sun dace da yankin yanayi, menene yawan amfanin su, lokacin maturation. Tushen dankalin turawa na farko ba shi da yuwuwar kamuwa da cutar latti.
Maganin ciwon mara
Dole ne a yi maganin cutar cikin lokaci
Menene zan yi idan ba a iya hana cutar ba? Akwai hanyar ajiye dankali? Yaki da ciwon dankalin turawa a makare zai kawo sakamako mai kyau idan cutar ta kama da wuri.Ya kamata a yi maganin dankalin a kwanakin farko, saboda naman gwari yana yaduwa da sauri. Don haka babu wani mataki na yakar sa da zai taimaka.
Kayayyakin kantin magani
A cikin kowane kantin magani akwai magunguna masu tasiri don marigayi blight dankali. Magungunan antifungal Trichopolum yana taimakawa wajen yaƙar pathogen da kyau. Ɗayan kwamfutar hannu na miyagun ƙwayoyi yana diluted a cikin lita na ruwa, bayan haka an fesa bushes. Ana maimaita hanya bayan mako guda.
Taimaka hana da kuma bi da gida marigayi blight cuta, talakawa aidin. Don yin wannan, ɗauki maganin barasa kuma sauke 10-25 saukad da 1 lita na ruwa. Ana kula da bushes sau 2-3 tare da mitar kwanaki 5-7. Don ƙara yawan aiki, aidin ba a narkar da shi a cikin ruwa na yau da kullum, amma a cikin madara ko whey. Matsakaicin ya kasance iri ɗaya. Madara yana haifar da fim mai kariya akan ganye da mai tushe, wanda ya hana naman gwari daga yadawa zuwa sababbin wurare.
Chemical
Yaki da dankalin turawa a makare tare da sinadarai hanya ce mai mahimmanci don kawar da dalilin cutar. Kasantuwar wannan hanya ita ce illarta. Sinadarai yayin sarrafawa na iya shiga cikin fata, mucous membranes, da tsarin numfashi, don haka dole ne ku sanya kayan kariya. Idan kayi overdose ko bi da su da tsire-tsire kafin girbi, abubuwa masu cutarwa da yawa sun kasance a cikin tubers, wanda ke cutar da lafiya ko kuma yana haifar da guba, don haka lokacin amfani da sinadarai na aikin gona, dole ne ku bi ka’idodi sosai.
Ana yin sarrafa dankalin turawa daga rashin lafiyan da ya gabata ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- ‘Arcedil’ (50 g / 10 l),
- ‘Ridomil RC’ (25 g / 10 l),
- “Oksikom” (20 g / 10 l).
Lokacin da dankalin ya gama fure, suna fesa saman da ganye tare da hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- ‘Vitamin M-45’ (20 g / 10 l),
- jan karfe oxychloride (40 g / 10 l),
- ‘Cuproxate’ (25 g / 10 l).
Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar fesa tare da jan karfe sulfate (al’adarsa shine 2 g / 10 l), 1% bayani na ruwa Bordeaux, jan karfe sulfate (20 g / 10 l), a hankali tare da ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate da haɗuwa tare da shi. .
Maganin jama’a
Idan ba ku son amfani da sunadarai, kuna iya gwada ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun girke-girke. Wadannan hanyoyin ba su da tasiri, amma a kan karamin gado za su iya jimre wa naman gwari sosai, alamun da suka bayyana. Yaƙin da ake fama da ciwon dankalin turawa ta hanyar magunguna daban-daban na jama’a ya shahara sosai ga mazauna bazara. Ga wasu hanyoyi masu ban sha’awa:
- Tafarnuwa shine kyakkyawan maganin fungicides wanda zai iya kare dankali daga naman gwari. Ɗauki 100 g na tafarnuwa, nace a rana a kan lita 10 na ruwa, tace, sa’an nan kuma sarrafa dankalin da aka zuba. Don haɓaka aiki, ana ƙara digo biyu na potassium permanganate a cikin jiko. Ana yin feshi kowane mako.
- Narke lita na kefir acidified a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, nace na tsawon sa’o’i biyu, tace kuma bi da gado. Ana maimaita hanya sau 3-4 a cikin mako guda.
- Ɗauki magani, narke shi a cikin ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 1, fesa bushes kowane kwanaki 2-3.
- Phytophthora yana jin tsoron dokin fadama da aka saba. Ɗauki 100 g na busassun horsetail ko 150 g na sabon horsetail, ƙara lita na ruwa, kawo zuwa tafasa kuma dafa don minti 30. Ana tace broth kuma a sanyaya, a diluted a cikin lita 5 na ruwa, ana fesa shi a filin sau ɗaya a mako.
- 1 kilogiram na hay an jiƙa a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, ana zubar da dintsi na urea a can, nace kwanaki 3-4. Ana fesa tsire-tsire tare da wannan jiko kowane kwanaki 10-15.
- Ana cire naman gwari na naman gwari daga bishiyar, a yanka shi da kyau, zuba 10 l na ruwan zãfi a kan shi kuma a rufe shi da murfi. Bayan sanyaya, ana fara sarrafa ganyen dankalin turawa da mai tushe a kan busassun marigayi. Ana maimaita hanya kowane kwanaki 10.
- Gadaje a lokacin girma ana rufe su da agrofim.
- Suna yin ciyawa daga hay ko bambaro – yana taimakawa wajen yaƙar yaduwar cutar marigayi daga daji zuwa daji.
- Zauren da aka yayyafawa da itacen toka.
Idan an dasa ciyawar marigayi a kan dankali, ana sarrafa bushes ɗin har sai an girbe su, koda alamun sun ɓace. Tare da rashin tasiri na hanyoyin jama’a, sun canza zuwa hanyar sinadarai, in ba haka ba duk amfanin gona zai mutu. A cikin kaka, kafin adana tubers don ajiya, ana kuma sarrafa su, in ba haka ba ba zai yiwu a adana amfanin gona ba, duk dankali zai lalace. Don sarrafawa, zaka iya amfani da jan karfe sulfate, aidin, trichopoly ko wasu hanyoyi.
A shekara mai zuwa, kada a shuka dankali a wannan yanki. Kuna iya shuka gonar tare da mustard, lupine, fis, ko hatsi, sannan ku ƙara waɗannan tsire-tsire don takin ƙasa. Bayan shekara guda, don shuka masara a can. Kada a taɓa amfani da dankalin da abin ya shafa a cikin iri.
