Noman dankalin turawa da aka shuka a cikin lambun ku ba shi da sauƙin adanawa har sai bazara, koda kuwa an ɗauki duk matakan don tabbatar da adana dogon lokaci. Saboda dalilai daban-daban da ya sa kayan lambu da aka adana suka fara lalacewa, rot dankalin turawa ya fara farawa.
Iri-iri na rot da dankalin turawa
bushewar bushewa
Dry rot fusarium dankalin turawa Hadarin busassun rube shine yana iya lalata kusan kashi 40% na duk amfanin dankalin turawa. Suna na biyu na wannan cututtukan fungal shine fusarium launin ruwan kasa rot.
Dalilin busasshen cutar Fusarium na kayan lambu, wanda ke haifar da ruɓar kayan amfanin gona, naman gwari ne da ke lalata tushen amfanin gona da tushen shuka, wanda ke yaduwa ta cikin ƙasa mai cutar zuwa ta tarkace shuka da tubers dankalin turawa.
Alamomi
Babban alamun dankalin turawa launin ruwan kasa na kwayan cuta ana iya samun su a cikin matakin furen shuka:
- babban matakin dajin dankalin turawa ya fara haske, kuma daga baya ya bushe,
- ƙananan matakin launin ruwan kasa, a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi yana iya samun fure tare da ruwan hoda ko orange,
- Ana lura da zoben jijiyoyin jini a cikin sashin tushe,
- tubers da bushe Fusarium cuta ya zama maras ban sha’awa, tare da launin toka da launin ruwan kasa tint, dan kadan zub da jini daga mai da hankali maki, a kasa wanda dankalin turawa naman bushe sama, da bawo a kan babba wrinkles.
Sakamakon kamuwa da dankalin turawa tare da bushe Fusarium cuta shine cikakkiyar bushewar shuka: tubers marasa lafiya suna tsiro da talauci a cikin nau’in zaren bakin ciki. x tsiro.
Jika rot
Abubuwan da ke haifar da lalata ƙwayoyin cuta na dankalin turawa, sune ƙwayoyin cuta na saprophytic waɗanda ke cutar da tushen amfanin gona waɗanda kwari da sauran cututtuka suka raunana.
Cutar ta bayyana kanta kawai a cikin lokacin ajiya na al’ada, lokacin da yanayin zafi ya wuce kuma ba a lura da yanayin iska.
Wani abu da ke ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban cutar a cikin tubers dankalin turawa shine noman kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa da ambaliya.
Cutar cututtuka
Babban alamun lalacewa ga tubers dankalin turawa sune:
- bazuwar kyallen takarda na tubers dankalin turawa da abin ya shafa da haɓakar su na gaba a cikin ƙwayar mucous,
- ƙamshin ƙamshi na musamman ga tubers masu cutar.
A lokacin da shuka a cikin hunturu Cutar da dankali za a iya sa ran jika rot a lokacin girma a farkon matakai na Bayan Saukowa. Wani abu mai tayar da hankali shine ƙasa mai sanyi. Kasancewar kayan dasa shuki da lalacewa ta shafa ya zama tushen kamuwa da cututtukan tubers masu rauni (lalacewa da daskararre), sannan ya bazu zuwa masu lafiya. wp-taken aligncenter ‘style=” nisa: 610px, “> 
Kwayoyin cuta ne ke haifar da cutar
Dankali tubers suna shafar zobe rot a tushen amfanin gona mataki mataki, a lokacin aiwatar da lalacewa shuka tare da inji girbi hanyoyin da kuma tare da kai tsaye lamba na dankalin turawa tubers girbe tare da cikakken capped cuta kamuwa da cuta. Ring rot yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta aerobic.
Alamomi
Kwayoyin cuta sun fara cika zoben jijiyoyi na tubers kayan lambu a ƙarshen lokacin hunturu da farkon bazara, kuma wannan yana haifar da lalacewa, alamun sun haɗa da:
- noma ruɓaɓɓen dankalin turawa tubers a cikin wani farin slimy taro.
- wari mara dadi na kayan lambu,
- vads a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Har zuwa lokacin yanke tuber, ana iya yin la’akari da lalacewar shuka ta hanyar wilting kowane mai tushe a cikin daji na gama gari:
- spots launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana a ƙarshen ganyen.
- A wasu lokuta ganyen ya zama fari saboda rashin chlorophyll a cikinsa.
- saman bene foliage ya juya rawaya da curls,
- saman farantin ganye ya zama mottled.
- ƙananan matakin ganye suna shuɗewa kuma suna shuɗewa, gefuna na ganyen suna murƙushewa.
Dan kadan ya shafa zobe rot, dankalin turawa tubers ne kusan m a bayyanar zuwa lafiya tushen amfanin gona, duk da haka, a cikin m girma, rawaya Lines za a iya gani wucewa tare da jijiyoyin bugun gini zobe, da kyallen takarda taushi .
Bakar kafa
Baƙar fata aetsya microbial mataki tasowa, ƙauyen a cikin weeds, sa’an nan yada zuwa kayan lambu amfanin gona. A lokaci guda, ana kiyaye ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta a zazzabi na 2 ° C zuwa 32 ° C.
Alamomi
Ba shi yiwuwa a gani da gani gaban alamun lalacewa ga tushen dankalin turawa a farkon matakai.
Baƙar fata, bisa ga bayanin, yana nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka lokacin da ya haifar da yanayi mai kyau a cikin nau’i na yawan zafi ko bushewa mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, daga cikin alamun da aka fi sani da kasancewar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta sune:
- Baƙin ƙasan dajin dankalin turawa,
- yellowing na ganye,
- janar wilting na shuka,
- rot na tubers tare da duhu fata da fasa,
- ruwa mai siffa mai wari.
A sakamakon haka, a cikin basal part, da baki kafa fara aiwatar da softening da harbe, dankalin turawa tubers baki spots da fara rot. Tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta suna da sauƙin cirewa daga ƙasan ƙasa. Ana iya ganin ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar ƙwayar cuta a cikin sassan mai tushe.
Matakan yaƙi da ruɓe
Yana da mahimmanci don adana kayan lambu da kyau
Matakan sarrafawa don nau’ikan ruɓaɓɓen dankalin turawa sun haɗa da jiyya da hanyoyin kariya.
Don hana kunna ruɓewa Kula da ƙa’idodi na gaba ɗaya don adana kayan lambu a cikin ginshiƙi ko a gida akan baranda ba ƙaramin mahimmanci bane. Ƙirƙirar yanayi masu kyau yana ba ku damar dakatar da kunnawa, rage jinkirin ci gaba a cikin mataki mara aiki.
Gabaɗaya rigakafin
Babban matakan rigakafin sun haɗa da adadin matakan sauƙi kuma masu dacewa:
- ma’auni na takin mai magani lokacin girma dankali, yana ba ku damar haɓaka juriya na shuka ga cututtuka, guje wa wuce haddi na abubuwan nitrogen da haɗaɗɗen potassium na wajibi,
- da amfani da lafiya tubers don dasa shuki, saya daga abin dogara masu sayarwa,
- dasa amfanin gona na kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa maras wahala, guje wa ciyayi mai zurfi inda akwai ɗanɗano mai yawa.
- na bin hanyoyin girbi na inji, haifar da lalacewa akai-akai ga tubers, ƙin dankalin da aka lalace yayin ajiya,
- shuka siderates cewa aiki a matsayin Organic taki
- bayan jujjuya amfanin gona da adana kayan lambu.
Rigakafi ta nau’in pathogen
Matakan kulawa da aka ɗauka don rigakafin warkewa sun dogara ne akan nau’in ƙwayoyin cuta.
Against launin ruwan kasa rot
Babu shirye-shirye don yaki da busassun rot (launin ruwan kasa). Ana amfani da kayan dasa don kariya daga cutar tare da phytosporin (50 g da 100 kg), bactophyte (har zuwa 0,5 kg da 100 kg). Kafin sanya dankali don ajiya, ana kula da kayan lambu sau da yawa tare da 0.2 l na ‘Maxi KS’, ana ba da shi don 1 t.
Against rot
Bacterial rot yana dakatar da haɓakawa idan kun ƙirƙiri mafi kyawun yanayin ajiya don kayan lambu, 1 ° C zuwa -2 ° C, kuma samar da iskar iska mai kyau. A cikin yanayi mara kyau ga ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da aiki. A lokacin ajiya, ana cire ruɓaɓɓen amfanin gona na tushen tare da makwabta.
A matsayin magani, ana bada shawara don sarrafa dankali tare da busassun ash ko gari na phosphorus (kimanin 10 kg da 1 ton na dankali).
Again da ruɓewar zobe
Bugu da ƙari, dabarun aikin gona na yau da kullun don maganin farko na tsire-tsire a yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta, masu lambu suna amfani da shirye-shiryen fungicidal waɗanda suka fi son yaƙar cututtuka ta hanyar magance tubers kafin shuka da kuma kafin kashe tallan ajiya.
A kan baƙar fata
Don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta masu haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta, ana iya bi da tubers tare da abubuwan kashe kwari ko fungicidal kamar TMTD. Ana ba da shawarar ɗaukar irin waɗannan matakan kafin saukowa.
