Zorachka dankalin turawa shine farkon nau’in zaɓi na Belarushiyanci. Yana Forms tubers a farkon rabin kakar girma. Matsakaicin yawan aiki, kyakkyawan dandano, nau’in abinci na AB. Unpretentious ga ƙasa da yanayin yanayi.
Halayen nau’in dankalin turawa na Zorohka
Halayen iri-iri
Halayen dankalin turawa na Zorachka yana shaida yawan fa’idodin sa akan sauran nau’ikan zaɓin farkon. Shrub na matsakaici tsawo, Semi-ka tsaye, tare da matsakaici kore ganye. Iri-iri na girma a cikin kwanaki 70-75 bayan shuka. Tubers na farko sun tono a ranar 40-45 na shuka, an ɗaure guda 9-12 a ƙarƙashin cizo, matsakaicin nauyi shine 90-120 gr.
Bayanin tubers:
- siffar oval dan kadan elongated,
- rawaya harsashi tare da kananan tabarau,
- Amarilla Clara.
An dan tafasa tubers kadan, dandano yana da kyau. Sun ƙunshi kusan 14% sitaci kuma sun dace don salads da soya.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Ana shuka dankalin Zorachka na farko don amfanin tebur.
Babban amfaninsa shine farkon tuberization da saurin girma na dankalin turawa. Amfanin iri-iri:
- yana jure wa nau’in ciwon daji na Dahlem,
- nematode ba ya shafar shi a zahiri,
- yana da kariya daga kamuwa da cutar latti,
- an kiyaye shi da kyau,
- Yana da dandano,
- yawan aiki 250-315 c / s hectare,
- unpretentious, yana ba da kyakkyawan aiki a kowace irin ƙasa kuma a cikin yanayi daban-daban.
Rashin hasara na iri-iri: ba shi da kwanciyar hankali ga cutar Y, baya jure wa fari kuma yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun, a cikin greenhouses yana shafar fararen fata, mites gizo-gizo. Ingantacciyar juriya ga lalacewar injina.
Noman dankalin turawa
Tubers germinate kafin dasa
Tubers suna girma kafin dasa shuki a zafin jiki na 4 ° C zuwa 21 ° C. An yada su da ball na bakin ciki a cikin greenhouse ko daki kuma an rufe su da fim. A cikin busasshiyar iska, ana juya tsaba kuma ana fesa su da ruwa, an rufe su daga hasken rana kai tsaye da takarda ko farin zane. Masu shuka kayan lambu suna ba da shawarar tsabtace iri tare da maganin potassium permanganate kowane mako.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
An zaɓi wurin noma a rana. Wannan yana la’akari da wane tsire-tsire aka shuka a baya.
Nagartattun magabata na Zorachka:
- perennial da shekara-shekara ciyawa,
- amfanin gona na hunturu,
- hatsi da legumes,
- en la arena – lupine.
Ana shirya ƙasa a cikin kaka. A cikin ƙasa acid na 1 m² suna ba da gudummawa har zuwa 200 gr. lemun tsami.Ana kara takin zamani da yawa kamar haka:
- a cikin ƙasa yumbu – guga na humus ko peat;
- a kan ƙasa mai yashi – don guga na humus, peat da yumbu,
- a cikin ƙasa peat: 10 kg na yumbu, yashi da humus kowane.
Ƙara cokali 1 a kowace m² na ƙasa. superphosphate – 1-150 g. ash, wanda bai wuce cokali 200 na takin potash ba. Masu shuka kayan lambu da mazauna lokacin rani ba sa ba da shawarar takin wurin tare da sabon taki. Wannan mahimmanci yana lalata dandano na al’ada. Bayan hadi, ana tona ƙasa mai zurfi, ana fitar da ciyawa da tushensu.
Noman dankalin turawa
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a buɗe a watan Mayu, lokacin da harbe suka kai tsayin 1 cm. Kafin wannan, ana bi da su tare da maganin phytosporin M (50 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi yana diluted a cikin 3000 ml na ruwa). Wadannan matakan za su kare shuka daga rashin lafiya.
Ana shuka dankali da hannu ko kuma da injina. Nisa tsakanin tsaba shine 30-35 cm, tsakanin layuka – aƙalla 60 cm.
Kula da dankalin turawa
Noman yana buƙatar kulawa akai-akai. Ban ruwa ko tudun da bai dace ba yana nuna jinkirin girma da haɓakar shuka. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku iya samun girbi da wuri ba.
Ƙasar da ke kewaye da amfanin gona dole ne ta kasance mai laushi koyaushe. Wannan zai ba da damar iskar da ba ta toshe ba zuwa tushen. Ana sassautawa a duk lokacin da ɓawon burodi ya yi a samansa.
Dokokin kula da dankalin turawa:
- Mako guda bayan dasa dankali, ana sassauta ƙasa da rake ko harrow. Idan yayi girma da sauri tare da ciyawa, ana maimaita waɗannan matakan bayan mako guda.
- Bayan an kafa layuka, ana bi da inuwar tare da fartanya, yana lalata ciyawa.
- An yayyafa shuka mai tsayi 15-15 cm da ƙasa don kada ya lanƙwasa kuma bai karye cikin iska ba.
Wasu masu noman kayan lambu sun yi imanin cewa ba shi da daraja a fesa tsire-tsire a lokacin zafi, bushe bushe idan ba zai yiwu a shayar da su akai-akai ba. Ana ‘gasa’ tubers a cikin ƙasa kawai. Ba za ku iya yin haka a rana mai zafi lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe ba.
Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar kulawa mai kyau
A cikin latitudes na arewa, inda lokacin rani ke sanyi kuma sau da yawa ana ruwan sama, wajibi ne a noma al’ada. Wannan zai kare shuka daga sanyi kuma ya kawar da weeds.
Watse
Bayar da lokaci shine abin da ake bukata don yawan amfanin gona. Shuka shuka ya zama dole dangane da yanayin yanayi, yanki da zafi na ƙasa, idan ruwan sama akai-akai, zaku iya manta game da wannan taron kafin furen amfanin gona.
Domin duk lokacin girma, yawancin waterings uku sun wadatar:
- a lokacin gaggawa ta farko,
- a farkon flowering,
- bayan flowering.
Zorachka iri-iri yana kula da fari, a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun. Ganyen da aka bushe – alamar shayarwar gaggawa. Yi haka da yamma, a zuba aƙalla lita 3 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowane daji. Hanyoyin ban ruwa:
- a cikin ramuka ko ramuka:
- ta yayyafawa.
Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da hanyar farko, tun da na biyu na iya haifar da cututtuka na fungal. . Dole ne a noma ƙasar da ke kusa da amfanin gona da hannu kowane kwana biyu.
Taki
Ana ciyar da amfanin gona sau uku a lokacin girma. A karo na farko ana amfani da takin mai magani makonni 3-4 bayan shuka. A cikin latitudes na kudanci, ana yin wannan a watan Mayu, a arewa – a watan Yuni. Kusan 10 g na urea, 20 g na superphosphate da 10 g na potassium sulfate ana ɗauka a kowace 1 m2. Taki na narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma suna ban ruwa amfanin gona. Idan akwai drip ban ruwa, ya isa a fesa taki tare da magudanar ruwa. Lush, duhu kore saman nuna wuce haddi nitrogen. A wannan yanayin, ana iya maye gurbin takin ma’adinai tare da zubar da tsuntsaye (a kowace 1 m2 – 200 g na datti).
- Ana ciyar da abinci na biyu bayan harbe-harbe sun bayyana, na uku – bayan shuka ya yi fure.
- Sau 2-3 sun wuce babban suturar foliar, ana fesa bushes da maganin 2% na cakuda superphosphate, potassium chloride da ruwa Bordeaux.
- Wannan ba kawai takin tsire-tsire ba, har ma ya kare su daga yanayi mai raɗaɗi da kwari.
Kula da kwaro
Kwari da jihohin cututtuka suna labe a cikin amfanin gona a ko’ina, kuma don hana wannan daga shafar amfanin gona, kana buƙatar sanin yadda za a magance su.
Kwari da hanyoyin magance su:
- Medvedka yana cin tubers na ƙaramin tsiro. Kuna iya gane shi ta hanyar ‘motsi’, waɗanda suke bayyane. Matakan kula da kwari: a lokacin dasa shuki na amfanin gona a cikin 1 m2 sanya reshe na allura, cika hanyoyin da maganin sabulun wanki, barci barci. Kwaro ya bar wurin ya fita.
- Asu dankalin turawa yana cutar da tsire-tsire a cikin latitudes na kudu, inda ake girma sau 2 a shekara. Caterpillars masu cin ganye suna da haɗari. Ana kula da su da kwayoyi ‘Bankol’, ‘Fosbezid’ bisa ga umarnin.
- Mite gizo-gizo yana mamaye bayan ganyen, suna yin rawaya kuma suna faɗi. Matakan rigakafi: girbi ƙasa daga ragowar tsire-tsire na baya, disinfection na greenhouses.
- Ƙwaƙwalwar dankalin turawa na Colorado yana cin ganye, furanni, da kuma mai tushe na shuka. Matakan sarrafa kwaro na halitta: tsire-tsire suna dubawa akai-akai, suna tattara beetles, ƙwai, tsutsa da lalata. Hanyoyin sinadarai: ana kula da al’adun tare da shirye-shiryen ‘Mospilan’, ‘Killer’, ‘Stop bug’.
Har ila yau,, tubers wani lokaci rot. Abin da ya sa shi ne rashin jin daɗi a ƙarshen lokaci, scab, ko bushewar bushewa. Wadannan yanayi masu raɗaɗi suna sauƙin kaucewa ta hanyar dasa shuki mai kyau da girbi na tubers.
Yana da sauƙi don shuka amfanin gona mai kyau. Yakamata a dauki matakan kariya tare da kula da kwari a kan lokaci.
ƙarshe
Irin dankalin turawa na Zorochka shine nau’in tebur na farko. Yana da juriya ga yanayi mafi raɗaɗi, mara ma’anar ƙasa da yanayin yanayi. Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa da dandano mai kyau, ɗan gajeren lokacin maturation ya ba shi damar mamaye alkuki mai dacewa tsakanin sauran nau’ikan dankalin farko.
