Girma da kula da dankali ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Girbin ba ya ƙare a nan. Kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake adana shi da kyau a cikin hunturu. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan shine mafi kyawun yanayin ajiya don dankali. Don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau a cikin cellar, kuna buƙatar la’akari da halaye na iri-iri, cututtukan da ke ɓoye da sauran dalilai masu yawa.
Yanayin zafin jiki don adana dankali a cikin hunturu
Bukatun ajiyar kayan lambu
Ba duk manoma ba ne ke sarrafa kayan lambu a gida ba tare da asarar alamun inganci ba. Don fahimtar yadda ake cika duk buƙatun daidai, kuna buƙatar shigar da ma’aunin zafi da sanyio a cikin cellar.
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don adana dankali a cikin hunturu shine 2-4 ℃ sama da 0. Lokacin da zazzabi ya faɗi, dankalin turawa ya zama mai daɗi. Ƙara zafi a cikin ɗakin yana haifar da samuwar mold a kan ganuwar da yaduwar cututtuka na fungal na tubers.
Mafi kyawun abun ciki na danshi shine 80%, raguwa a cikin wannan alamar yana haifar da bushewar amfanin gona. Shagon kayan lambu ya kamata a sanye shi da tsarin samun iska na farko don ya sami damar sarrafa zafin ajiyar dankalin. Zaka iya ƙara yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin ginshiki tare da kwalabe na ruwa mai dumi, wanda aka sanya a kusa da kewayen ganuwar. Ana iya rufe dankali da auduga ko bargo. Don rage alamar danshi, ana shigar da jakunkunan yashi ko lemun tsami a cikin ginshiki.
Ana samun karuwar danshi ta hanyar fesa ruwa daga kwalbar fesa akan bango. Domin kada ku nemi hanyar da za a gyara matsalar, dole ne ku fara zaɓar wurin adana dankali da kuma samar da shi daidai da duk buƙatun:
- rufe ginshiki tare da kayan insulating,
- samar da iska,
- a tabbata kasan bene da bangon ba su da iska don haka berayen ba za su iya shiga dakin ba.
Idan iri ya saki harbe a cikin hunturu, dole ne a cire su. Amma wannan bai ƙare a nan ba. Kuna iya dakatar da haɓaka ta hanyar rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 1-2 ℃.
Waɗanne nau’ikan sun dace da ajiya
Ko da yawan zafin jiki na dankali a cikin ɗakin ajiyar kayan lambu ya zama al’ada kuma alamar zafi ba ta wuce ba, tushen amfanin gona na iya lalacewa. Abun shine, ba duk nau’in dankali ba ne za a iya adana shi na dogon lokaci. Yawancin nau’ikan farko suna da ƙarancin kiyayewa.
Mafi kyawun rayuwar shiryayyen dankalin turawa dangane da lokacin ripening:
- farkon da tsakiyar farkon – watanni 2,
- marigayi – 8-12 watanni.
Har zuwa yau, yawancin nau’in dankalin turawa suna bred, wanda, tare da farkon ripening, ana iya adana shi a cikin hunturu ba tare da wata matsala ba. Waɗannan su ne asali na Dutch da Jamus hybrids. Lokacin zabar sabon dankalin turawa iri, duk halaye na zaɓi waɗanda ke bayyana ingancin kiyayewa yakamata a yi la’akari da su.
Yanayin girma
Tushen amfanin gona lafiya kawai
za a iya adanawa kafin sanya kayan lambu a cikin cellar, kuna buƙatar la’akari da yanayin da aka girma:
- nau’in ƙasa,
- yawan hazo,
- kasancewar cututtuka,
- abun ciki na potassium da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa.
Ko da mafi kyawun zafin jiki yana kiyayewa a cikin ginshiki Yanayin ajiyar dankalin turawa, ba zai yi ma’ana ba idan rashin bin ka’idodin aikin gona. A cikin lokacin damina, ƙarfin dankalin turawa yana raguwa kullum da 50%, ya zama ruwa kuma ya yi hasara. dandano. Kayan lambu da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ko yashi zai adana mafi kyau. Gabatar da isasshen adadin potassium da takin mai magani na nitrogen yana ba ku damar samun amfanin gona tare da ƙimar kulawa mai inganci.
Wani muhimmin al’amari da ke shafar lafiyar dankali shine kowane irin cututtuka da kwari. Bugu da ƙari, ko da a hankali rarraba tushen amfanin gona baya bada garantin gano duk ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu cutar. Yawancin fungal spores da pathological microorganisms cewa haifar da hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri cututtuka na iya dawwama a cikin tubers na dogon lokaci ba tare da bayyana kansu.
Aikin shiri
Kafin adana kayayyaki don hunturu, kuna buƙatar ba kawai la’akari da wane zafin jiki don adana dankali da ƙirƙirar duk yanayi a cikin kantin kayan lambu don wannan ba, har ma don kula da lafiyar shuke-shuke. Shiri don ajiya yana farawa tun kafin girbi. Alal misali, yankan lawn kafin girbi tushen yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da tubers tare da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban da fungi. Sau da yawa, ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa suna rayuwa akan foliage da mai tushe. A lokacin tono, sun fada a kan tubers kuma sun fara ci gaba a cikin yanayi mai laushi na kantin kayan lambu.
Yanke ciyawa yana farawa kwanaki 7-10 kafin girbi. A wannan lokacin, tubers suna girma a cikin ƙasa, harsashi ya zama mai tsanani, sabili da haka ba a lalacewa da sauri lokacin digging. Kafin adana dankalin turawa a cikin ginshiki, dole ne ya shiga matakai da yawa na shirye-shirye.
Tratamiento
Bayan tono tushen, kar a ba da su nan da nan. A duk tsawon lokacin girma, dankali yana cikin wasu yanayi mai ɗanɗano, ana fallasa su da tasirin microbes daban-daban, don haka kuna buƙatar kiyaye su a cikin iska a cikin rana na sa’o’i 2. Bayan wannan hanya, duk amfanin gona da aka girbe ya kamata a motsa a ƙarƙashin wani alfarwa ko sanya shi a cikin ɗaki.
Dankalin da aka tono bai kamata a tattara ba
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don adana dankali a cikin ɗaki shine 13-18 ℃. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, dankali yana adana tsawon makonni 2. Idan zafin jiki ya ragu, ana bada shawara don tsawaita lokacin jiyya na mako guda. Kafin sanyawa a cikin ginshiki don kayan iri na hunturu, dole ne a shimfida shi. Ana barin dankali a cikin daki mai haske na tsawon kwanaki 7 ko kwanaki 2 a waje, a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye.
Tuber hardening da grading
Bambance-bambance a cikin zafin jiki na iya rage ingancin dankali. Kafin ajiyewa a cikin cellar don hunturu, ya kamata a shirya tubers don ƙananan yanayin zafi. A lokacin lokacin jiyya, ana rage yawan zafin jiki a hankali daga 13-18 ℃ zuwa 2-4 ℃. Hanyar hardening yana ba ku damar rage matakan sinadarai a cikin tubers kuma shirya su don ajiyar hunturu.
Don samun damar adana tushen amfanin gona na dogon lokaci ba tare da asarar alamun inganci ba, yana da mahimmanci don kare shi a duk lokacin jiyya daga ƙãra zafi. Kar a yi watsi da matakan shirye-shiryen kafin sanya kayan amfanin gona a cikin ajiyar dankalin turawa. Idan an bi duk dokoki, ana iya adana ingancin dankalin turawa har sai bazara.
Dokokin ajiya
A wane zafin jiki don adana dankali, ba zai damu ba idan ba ku rigaya shirya ɗakin ba.
- Dakin da za a adana dankalin ya kamata a fara kashe shi. Duk bango, matakala, shelves, da benaye yakamata a bi da su tare da maganin manganese ko jan karfe sulfate. Sa’an nan ɗakin ya kamata a shayar da shi don rage zafi da daidaita yanayin zafi.
- Idan adadin dankali bai yi girma ba, ana adana shi a cikin girma, ba tare da amfani da kwantena ba. Wannan hanyar ajiya yana da babban koma baya: a gaban 1 rubber tuber, zaku iya rasa yawancin amfanin gona. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da pallets na katako don kada tushen amfanin gona ya shiga cikin layi kai tsaye tare da ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, dankali za a sami iska daga kowane bangare.
- Yawancin manoma sun yi imanin cewa yana da kyau a adana tubers a cikin akwatunan katako, jakunkuna da aka yi da kayan halitta ko tarunan.
Adana a cikin Apartment
Ba duk mazauna bazara ba ne ke da damar shuka dankali a yankinsu da adana su a cikin ginshiki daban. Mutane da yawa suna sayen dankali don hunturu kuma suna adana su a cikin ɗakin kwana. A wane zazzabi ya kamata a adana dankali a cikin ɗaki? A gida, yana da wuya cewa zai yiwu a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin 2-4 <. wp_automatic_readability = “17.5”>
Idan zai yiwu, yana yiwuwa a ba da kayan abinci tare da kwandishan. Wannan zai ba ka damar sarrafa microclimate a cikin ɗakin kuma adana kowane nau’in amfanin gona na tushen. A gida, yana da kyau a adana dankali a baranda mai gilashi. Da kyau, ya kamata a adana dankali a cikin akwatunan katako. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da jakunkuna ko raga, amma sannan zaka buƙaci rufe tushen da barguna don kada su daskare a cikin hunturu.
Bangare na karshe
Ajiye amfanin gona ya dogara da yawa akan abin da zafin jiki da zafi zai kasance a cikin kantin kayan lambu. Mafi kyawun tsarin zafin jiki don adana dankali shine 2-4 ℃ kuma yanayin zafi shine 80%.
Baya ga lura da waɗannan yanayi, dole ne a shirya dankali don ajiya. Kafin sanyawa a cikin ginshiki, tushen amfanin gona dole ne ya bi matakai da yawa na shirye-shirye, gami da jiyya, taurin kai, da ƙima. Yaya tsawon lokacin da za a adana dankali ya dogara ne akan nau’in da aka zaba. Yarda da duk ka’idoji da matakai na shirye-shiryen yana ba ku damar adana har zuwa 2% na jimlar amfanin gona.
