Dankali Timo matasan Finnish ne tare da dandano mai kyau. Tuni bayan kwanaki 55 daga lokacin shuka, tubers sun zama edible. An rarraba nau’in nau’i mai yawan gaske a tsakanin manoma a yankin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet.
Bayanin dankalin turawa Timo
Halayen iri-iri
Dankali iri-iri Timo yana nufin farkon cikakke nau’in tebur. Daidai dace don girma har ma a cikin yanayi mara kyau na yankunan arewacin Rasha, kodayake yawan amfanin ƙasa a nan zai zama ƙasa da yankunan kudancin. Dankali Timo Hankkiyan ya dace daidai da kowane yanayi. Yana jure fari, kuma yawanci ana jin shi a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano. Yawan aiki da inganci suna haɓaka a cikin ƙasa mai yashi mai yashi.
Halin lalata iri-iri yana da ƙasa kaɗan, don haka ana iya amfani da iri na dogon lokaci ba tare da canje-canje ba. Nasa ne na nau’in duniya. Halayen ingancin ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna ba da damar amfani da su don dafa kowane nau’in jita-jita. Bayan magani mai zafi, tubers ba sa crumble kuma kada ku rasa launi.
Bayanin shuka
Feature:
- daji yana faɗaɗawa, gindin ya miƙe.
- manyan ganye masu haske kore,
- inflorescences ne m,
- furanni shuɗi masu launin shuɗi.
Halayen ‘ya’yan itace
Dankali na wannan nau’in yana da halaye masu zuwa:
- Tushen amfanin gona mai siffar oval wanda yayi nauyin 70-130 g;
- harsashi yana sheki, santsi,
- yanki yana da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai launin rawaya,
- matakin sitaci a cikin ‘ya’yan itace shine 14.2%.
Girma dankalin turawa
Dankali Timo Khankkiyan na cikin al’adun dare mara fa’ida. Ba picky game da abun da ke ciki na ƙasa. Ya amsa da kyau ga ciyarwa akai-akai. Ana bada shawara don girma a wuraren da aka shuka a baya tare da koren taki: flax, hunturu, tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara.
Ana shuka shuka a tsakiyar Afrilu, a cikin yanayi mai kyau. A cikin yankunan arewa, an dage lokacin saukarwa har zuwa karshen watan Mayu, noman yana buƙatar sassauta ƙasa akai-akai.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Daidaitaccen shiri na ƙasa yana farawa a cikin fall. Ana yin noma mai zurfi tare da gabatar da takin mai magani. A cikin kaka, ana amfani da kayan aikin taki ko bitamin hade.
Ƙasar tana buƙatar takin
Wata daya kafin dasa shuki, an sake yin al’ada mai zurfi kuma an gabatar da wani ɓangare na abubuwan halitta. Dangane da hanyar saukowa, ana yin alamomi. An zaɓi hanyar dasa shuki ta nau’in ƙasa. Akwai hanyoyi guda 3:
- taushi – daidaitaccen zaɓi don felu (zurfin dasa 10 cm),
- mahara – ana amfani da shi akan ƙasa mai yashi mai haske (zurfin shuka dankalin turawa 12-15 cm);
- tudu: ana amfani dashi a cikin ƙasa mai nauyi (zurfin ciki 15 cm).
Sau da yawa ana amfani da irin wannan nau’in dankalin turawa a cikin zaɓin girma mara kyau. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi masu ban sha’awa shine girma a cikin kwantena. Hanyar ta sa ya yiwu a samu daga wani daji kusa da jakar amfanin gona na tushen. A cikin ƙananan ƙasa mai laushi da ƙananan wurare, ana bada shawara don shuka dankalin thymus akan tudun. Ana yin shingen madauwari a cikin ƙaramin yanki kuma ana dasa ciyayi da yawa a cikin da’irar.
Shirye-shiryen iri
Kayan iri yana buƙatar magani na farko. Bayan an gama girbi, ana raba tubers nan da nan don shuka, ana ajiye su na kwanaki da yawa a cikin daki na rana don zama kore. Wannan motsi yana taimakawa kula da tubers na beraye. Kimanin kwanaki 30 kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a cire tubers daga cellar kuma a lalata su.
Tushen amfanin gona ana ajiye a cikin dakin dumi na makonni da yawa. Bayan kamar kwanaki 21, sprouts zai bayyana. A wannan mataki, ya zama dole don ƙin tubers waɗanda ba su tsiro ba, da dankali da lafiya, harbe-harbe. Don haɓaka girma, tsoma kayan shuka a cikin maganin superphosphate nitrate. Bayan haka, ana aiwatar da hanyar cire ƙura tare da ash na itace.
Saukowa
Lokacin da ƙasa Layer ya dumi har zuwa 8-10 ℃, za ku iya fara dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Kafin wannan, dole ne ku noma ƙasa. Yana da matukar muhimmanci cewa ƙasa ta kasance m.
Ana sanya tubers don kada harbe ya karye lokacin da ramukan suka fadi ƙasa idan sun yi tsayi da yawa. Bayan kimanin kwanaki 10-14, harbe na farko zai bayyana. Tun daga wannan lokacin, don haɓaka yawan aiki da inganta alamun inganci, kuna buƙatar bin ka’idodin kulawa.
Yadda ake kulawa
Abu na farko da za a kula shine shayarwa. Iri Timo Hankkian yana jure wa fari. A wasu yankuna zai isa a shayar da amfanin gona sau uku. Babban abu shine don hana ƙasa bushewa a lokacin furanni.
A matsayin ma’auni, ana yin shayarwa ta farko a lokacin ciyayi masu aiki, ba lallai ba ne a cika yankin nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, har yanzu akwai isasshen danshi a cikin ƙasa. A karo na biyu, ana shayar da dankali a cikin lokacin fure. Daga baya, ana jagorantar su da bushewar ƙasa. Kwanaki 20-30 kafin girbi, an dakatar da ban ruwa gaba daya.
Yanke da sako
Tsire-tsire dole ne a spudded
Hanyar ya zama tilas lokacin da aka dasa kayan dasa a zurfin 5-10 cm. Ba a yin spudding lokacin da:
- fari mai tsanani,
- saukowa ta hanyar tsefe.
Yawancin lokaci ana aiwatar da hanya sau uku. Bayan 10 cm mai karfi harbe bayyana, an yayyafa su da 8 cm na ƙasa. Wannan hanya wajibi ne don kare tsire-tsire daga sanyi. Lokacin da harbe suka tashi wani 10 cm, aiwatar da mataki na gaba na hilling. A daidai wannan lokacin, ana yin sassauta ƙasa a cikin tazarar layi.
Ya kamata a yi ciyawa akai-akai bayan shayarwa da hazo. Wannan yana hana samuwar ɓawon burodi a saman ƙasa. Mafi girman matakin danshi na ƙasa, zurfin zai zama dole don sassauta ƙasa.
Taki
Babban abin da ke shafar yawan amfanin ƙasa shine aikace-aikacen takin zamani akai-akai kuma akan lokaci. Ana hakin amfanin gona sau uku a duk tsawon lokacin girma. Lokacin da saman ya kai 10 cm, ana ciyar da shi da kwayoyin halitta. Game da 500 ml na mullein ruwa za a buƙaci a kan daji. Ana yin kayan ado na sama bayan shayarwa ko ruwan sama.
A lokacin budding, ana yin suturar sama ta biyu. A wannan mataki, ana bada shawara don ƙara mahaɗan potassium ko ash. Potassium yana taimakawa saurin fure. A cikin lokacin furanni, ana gabatar da mahadi na ƙwayoyin cuta don haɓaka haɓakar tsarin tushen. Don yin wannan, ƙara gilashin mullein da 2 tablespoons zuwa lita 10 na ruwa. superphosphates.
Ayyukan
Ana iya cin dankalin Finnish a farkon kwanaki 50 bayan dasa shuki. Girbi cikakke bayan kwanaki 70. Tuber yana auna kusan 130 G. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine cents 330 a kowace ha 1.
An adana tubers da kyau, kodayake Timo Khankiyan farkon iri ne. An adana har zuwa kashi 90% na girbi. Dankali yana kiyaye gabatarwa na dogon lokaci, wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da shi don ayyukan kasuwanci. Ana kiyaye bayyanar da kyau har ma da lalacewa na inji.
Girbi
An ƙayyade lokacin girbi ta yanayin saman. Idan ya fara fade ko ya juya rawaya, kana buƙatar tono daji dankalin turawa kuma a hankali bincika tubers. Harsashi mai ƙarfi alamar aiki ne.
Bayan an tono, sai a bar inuwar a cikin rana na tsawon awanni 2, sannan a jera a yi dambe. Ba a ba da shawarar a ajiye dankali a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye ba, in ba haka ba zai fara samar da abubuwa masu guba. A cikin akwatunan, dankalin ya zauna a cikin dakin dumi na wata daya.
A cikin dakin, sannu a hankali rage yawan zafin jiki na iska zuwa 2-4 ℃. Bayan wata daya, tubers ya kamata a sake jerawa kuma a jefar da su kamar yadda bai dace da ajiya ba. Bayan haka, zaku iya rage tushen amfanin gona a duk lokacin hunturu a cikin cellar. Shagon kayan lambu ya kamata ya kula da haɓakar zafi na iska na 80-90%.
Annoba da cututtuka
Bayanin iri-iri Timo Khankkiyan ya ce shukar tana da juriya ga cututtuka da yawa. Duk da haka, ƙwararrun manoma ba sa tunanin haka. Daga cikin sake dubawa na lambu, ana samun gunaguni sau da yawa cewa wakilin Finnish Solanaceae ya fi dacewa da kai hari ta hanyar wireworms, kuma lokacin da ya girma baya, da sauri ya kamu da cutar ta ƙarshe. Jinsunan ba su da juriya sosai ga nematode na zinariya.
Babu amfanin gona mai inuwa wanda beetles na Colorado ba zai iya ci ba. Don kauce wa harin kwari da bayyanar fungi, ana bada shawara don lalata tubers kafin dasa shuki. Idan kun shirya shuka dankalin turawa na biyu a cikin kakar wasa, ya kamata ku kula da ƙarin kariya daga kamuwa da cuta. Ana amfani da Phytosporin sau da yawa don waɗannan dalilai.
ƘARUWA
Bayanin halayen halayen Timo Khankiyan yana ba ku damar girma iri-iri a cikin ƙasa tare da kowane abun da ke ciki. Iri-iri yana jure wa fari da zafi mai yawa. Ana siffanta shi da matsakaicin juriya ga buguwa a makara. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don girma ta hanyoyin da ba daidai ba.
Ana lura da mafi yawan amfanin gona a yankunan kudanci. Babban fa’ida shine babban juriya ga lalacewar injiniya, adana gabatarwar na dogon lokaci. A lokacin maganin zafi, dankalin turawa ba ya canza launi kuma yana kiyaye siffarsa daidai, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a yi amfani da shi don shirya jita-jita da yawa.
Daga cikin gazawar, masu lambu suna lura da ƙarancin juriya ga lalacewa ta hanyar nematode na zinari da wireworm. A cikin yankunan arewa, dankali yana samar da ƙananan amfanin gona, kusan kilogiram 200 a kowace ha 1. Lokacin da ake noma a tsakiyar layin kuma, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta a ƙarshen lokaci yana ƙaruwa sosai. Duk da haka, idan an kula da tsire-tsire da kyau tare da maganin kwari, za a iya guje wa matsaloli da yawa.
