Shirya dankali don dasa shuki wani lamari ne mai alhakin, wanda yawancin amfanin gona ya dogara da shi. Ana amfani da masu lambu don shirya kayan lambu a hankali don dasa shuki, amma sau da yawa suna manta game da shirye-shiryen dasa shuki don tubers. Hanyoyi masu sauƙi suna sauƙaƙe bayyanar lokaci da abokantaka, za su zama kyakkyawan rigakafin yanayi daban-daban masu raɗaɗi, da kuma kare kariya daga kwari.
Shiri dankali kafin dasa shuki
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Duk masu aikin lambu suna shirya ƙasa kafin shuka dankali. Aikin da aka riga aka shuka yana faruwa a cikin fall kuma yana farawa tare da zaɓin wurin. Dole ne ya zama rana, an kare shi daga zayyana.
Ana gudanar da ayyuka kamar haka:
- An haƙa ƙasa zuwa zurfin ƙasa mai laushi, podzol ba ta da tasiri.
- Ana amfani da har zuwa kilogiram 8 na kwayoyin halitta zuwa kowane m², har zuwa 45 g superphosphate kuma har zuwa
20 g na potassium sulfate. Waɗannan takin ƙasa suna shayar da su sosai kuma kusan ba a cire su daga ciki.
A cikin bazara, ana sassauta makircin tare da harrow ko rake. Lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe sosai, yana da daraja tono ko noma, amma ba zurfi kamar a cikin fall. A lokaci guda, ana amfani da 20 g na ammonium nitrate a kowace 1 m² na gadaje.
Marubucin Kharevich Yuri Antonovich a cikin ayyukansa ya ce yana yiwuwa a shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki a cikin bazara, amma bayan kowane ɗari yawan amfanin ƙasa zai zama ƙasa da 20-35 kg.
Idan hunturu ba dusar ƙanƙara ba ne kuma ƙasa ba ta daidaita ba, to babu buƙatar tono wurin a cikin bazara. Zai isa ya sa ƙasa ta ƙazantu da yin takin mai magani. Ana yin dasa shuki lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa 7-9 ° C.
Shirye-shiryen wuraren yashi
Ana haƙa wuraren yashi da yashi a cikin bazara tare da aikace-aikacen lokaci guda na irin wannan takin akan 1 m²:
- har zuwa 10 kg na humus,
- game da 30 g na ammonium nitrate,
- 40-45 g na superphosphate.
- 20-25 g na potassium sulfate.
Marubuci Alexander Ustyuzhanin ya ba da shawarar cewa yankin da ke fama da danshi mai yawa ya zama ruwan dare ta hanyar amfani da tashoshi masu zurfi tare da kewayensa.
Noman peat
Ya kamata a noma ƙasan peat: magudana ruwan ƙasa ta hanyar magudanar ruwa ko magudanar ruwa a cikin tafki. Bayan haka, ya kamata a sanya peat: ga kowane m², ƙara kilogiram 10 na yashi, takin ma’adinai (20 g na ammonium nitrate, 40 g na superphosphate da 30 g na potassium sulfate) da guga na humus.
Masu lambu suna ba da shawarar yin watsi da amfanin gona na peat – ƙasa mai fadama. Dankalin da aka shuka a cikin peat yana da mafi munin ƙoshin abinci kuma yana da ƙarancin sitaci.
Zaɓi da shirye-shiryen tsaba
Ya kamata a dauki shirye-shiryen dankalin da aka zaɓa don dasa shuki da gaske. Girbin girbi na gaba ya dogara da wannan.
Ana shirya tubers dankalin turawa don dasa shuki yana farawa tare da zaɓin kayan shuka masu inganci. Gogaggen lambu suna siyan sabbin nau’ikan ko zaɓi iri mai tsafta daga waɗanda ke akwai. Yawan dankali ya kamata ya zama 50-100 g, to, tsire-tsire za su kasance masu aminci da lafiya. Kuna iya ɗaukar ƙananan tubers, amma sai an sanya su a cikin rami biyu.
Greening na tubers
Shirye-shiryen dankali don dasa shuki yana farawa a cikin fall. A wannan lokacin, nan da nan bayan girbi, tubers suna kore. Ana bazuwar kayan shuka a cikin yadudduka da yawa a cikin wani wuri mai haske, amma ana kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye, bayan kwanaki 10-14, ana samar da solanine a cikin tubers, wani abu mai kore wanda ke ba da kariya daga cututtuka, rodents da kwari kuma yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi. dankalin turawa. Idan saboda wasu dalilai ba zai yiwu a yi haka ba a cikin fall, ana bada shawarar farawa da wannan taron a cikin bazara.
Rarraba kayan shuka
Kawai lafiya tubers
sun dace da shuka. Shirya tsaban dankalin turawa don dasawa ya haɗa da rarraba su. Ana zubar da bututun da suka lalace da marasa lafiya, ana barin masu inganci kawai don ajiya.
Don wannan dalili, ana sanya duk tsaba a cikin maganin urea (1.5 kilogiram na taki a cikin guga na ruwa). Tsire-tsire masu lafiya nan da nan suna nutsewa zuwa kasan maganin, kuma waɗanda ba su da lafiya da balagagge za su yi iyo.
Bayan haka, an bushe kayan shuka masu lafiya kuma an rarraba su zuwa rukuni uku:
- babba (80-100 g);
- matsakaici (50 zuwa 80 g),
- kananan (25-50 g).
Ana dasa dankalin da aka ware a cikin gadaje daban-daban. Tsaba masu girma iri ɗaya za su samar da tsire-tsire iri ɗaya kuma zai kasance da sauƙi don kula da wuraren. Ana iya tsage su a lokaci guda, kuma bayan an yi layi, ana iya tara su.
Disinfection tare da fungicides
Shirye-shiryen dankali don dasa shuki kuma ya haɗa da lalata tsaba tare da fungicides. Cutar cututtuka na yanayi daban-daban masu raɗaɗi na iya rayuwa akan bawon dankalin turawa: phomosis, nematodes, marigayi blight, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, ana bi da dankali tare da biofungicides. Hanyoyin disinfecting kayan shuka:
- Kwanaki 7 kafin dasa tsaba a cikin buɗe ƙasa, ana amfani da ‘Planriz’.
- A ranar shuka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ‘Fitosporin’ ko ‘Baxis’.
- Agat-25K ko Binoram ya kamata a fesa da tsaba sau biyu (‘yan kwanaki kafin dasa shuki da ranar dasa).
- Ana amfani da Albit awanni 24 kafin dasa shuki tubers.
Maimakon biofungicides, wasu lambu suna amfani da mafita mai zuwa don maganin rigakafi na kayan shuka: 1 tsp. Copper sulfate yana tasowa a cikin lita 3 na ruwa. Ana tsoma tsaba a cikin wannan maganin sannan a bushe.
Warming da wilting
Makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki, ana cire tubers daga wurin da aka adana su a cikin hunturu a cikin dakin dumi tare da zazzabi. 18 zuwa 20 ° C iska. Za su iya yin dumi sosai a nan kuma su kasance kadan. Wannan zai taimaka kare tsaba daga lalacewa lokacin dasa shuki, kuma yana ƙarfafa tsiro.
Sprouting dankali kafin dasa
A tubers bukatar a sprouted
Shirya ‘ya’yan dankalin turawa matasa kafin shuka don tsiro, a cewar masana, yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka yawan amfanin gona na kowane iri.
Germination yana da mahimmanci musamman ga masu lambu waɗanda ƙasa ta yi nauyi, mai laushi, peaty, ko filin ambaliya. Don samar da harbe-harbe, ana sanya kayan dasa a wata daya kafin dasa shuki a cikin dakin dumi tare da zafi mai zafi. Mafi kyawun wuri zai zama greenhouse. Ana jera dankali a cikin kwano, a juya a hankali kowane kwanaki 5 don kada ya lalata tsiron. Yawan zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse ya kamata ya zama 6-12 ° C sama da rana fiye da dare.
Zai fi kyau a ajiye tsaba a zafin jiki na kusan 20 ° C na kwanaki 7 na farko, kuma rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 7-8 ° C na makonni 3 masu zuwa. . Irin wannan canjin yanayin zafi yana ƙarfafa samuwar sprouts, amma kuma yana hana su girma da yawa.
Haushi
Germination shine abin da ake buƙata don babban zafi na iska, aƙalla 80%. Ba za a sami matsala tare da wannan yanayin a cikin greenhouse ba. Idan dankalin turawa ba ya tsiro a cikin yanayin greenhouse, ana fesa shi da ruwa kowace rana.
Kuna iya hanzarta tsirowar iri ta hanyar fesa shi tare da mafita masu zuwa:
- 1 tsp. nitrofoski diluted a cikin lita 3 na ruwa.
- 1 tablespoon. miyagun ƙwayoyi “Effekton” a cikin lita 3 na ruwa.
- 1 tsp. urea narke a cikin 3 l na ruwa.
- Ana amfani da maganin ƙara kuzari ‘Potmate humate’ ko ‘sodium humate’ don fesa 4, 5 da 6.
Ana ɗaukar tubers a shirye don dasa shuki, idan harbe ya kai 1 cm. Abubuwan da aka dasa shuki suna tsiro kwanaki 10-14 kafin a saba kuma suna ɗaukar tushe cikin sauri.
Tushen bututu
Shirya dankali don dasa shuki ta amfani da hanyar tantancewa ya haɗa da zaɓar iri masu inganci da dumama su a babban zafin jiki (23-25 ° C) na kwanaki da yawa. Ana yada tubers tare da ƙwallon bakin ciki kusa da tushen haske (windows, transom), don haka hasken ya kasance ko da.
Masu lambu sun bambanta nau’i biyu na vernalization:
- Gogaggen lambu daidai suna amfani da busasshiyar hanyar tantancewa. Don yin wannan, dole ne a kawo kayan shuka a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki na kimanin 15 ° C kuma ajiye shi a can har tsawon wata guda tare da isasshen haske. Ana juya tsaba kowane kwanaki 6 don duk harbe su ga hasken rana. Bayan kwanaki 30-35, dankalin turawa zai kasance a shirye don dasa shuki, ana iya tattara shi a cikin kwalaye. Ana yanke manyan tsaba a cikin rabi don kowane sashi yana da aƙalla 2-4 sprouts masu lafiya kuma an sanya su a cikin kasan akwatin. Wasu lambu suna ba da shawarar yanke tubers a cikin fall lokacin da suke shirya don ajiya, a cikin Oktoba ko Nuwamba. Bayan haka, tsayayya da zafin jiki na 14-20 ° C da zafi mai zafi na makonni biyu. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, wani nau’i na kwalabe na kwalabe a kan yanki, wanda ke kare kariya daga asarar danshi da gabatarwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Wani lokaci, maimakon yanke, suna yanke tubers, suna barin wata karamar gada, wanda suke karya lokacin dasa.
- Lokacin da aka jika, ana sanya dankali a cikin katako ko filastik a cikin layuka da yawa tare da idanu suna fuskantar sama. Kasan akwatin da yadudduka ana yayyafa shi da rigar peat ko sawdust, kuma bayan makonni 2-3 tubers sun bar ba kawai harbe ba, har ma da tushen. Wadanda za su shuka iri da hannu za su yi amfani da rigar hanyar tantancewa: hanyar injiniyoyi za ta lalata tushen da aka kafa.
Sai kawai a cikin yanayin haske mai kyau lokacin farin ciki, harbe mai ƙarfi na launin kore mai duhu yana samuwa akan tubers tare da tint mai shuɗi. Idan babu isasshen haske, harbe za su zama bakin ciki, rauni da kodadde. Za su karya kuma su lalace yayin dasawa, shuka mai lafiya ba zai girma daga gare su ba.
Maganin toka
Maganin ash wata hanya ce ta shirya tubers kafin dasa shuki. Ash yana ba da gudummawa ga tarin sitaci a cikin dankali, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin lambu da masu lambu suna takin shi tare da shafin. Wasu daga cikinsu suna shayar da tsaban su zuba cikin wannan taki. Tare da wannan hanyar, zaku iya samun tsire-tsire masu kyau kuma ku ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Yin amfani da duk hanyoyin da ke sama na shirya tsaba na dankalin turawa don dasa shuki ba zai yiwu ba kuma ba lallai ba ne, a mafi yawan lokuta wasu sun isa. Dole ne aikin dasa shuki ya dace da ƙayyadaddun yanayi na wani wuri. Yadda za a shirya dankali don dasa shuki, mai lambu dole ne ya yanke shawara kuma ya gwada kansa. Sai kawai gonakin zai faranta wa mai shi rai da girbin dankali mai kyau.
