A cikin Netherlands akwai ƙananan ƙasar noma da ba ta da albarka. Duk da haka, a yau, ana amfani da fasahar Yaren mutanen Holland don shuka dankali a ko’ina cikin Turai. Wannan fasaha ta ƙunshi amfani da kayan iri masu inganci, da kuma kulawa mai ƙarfi a duk matakan girma. Za a iya amfani da dabarar duka don samun babban inuwar dare a ƙasashen masana’antu da kuma a cikin ƙasa.
Ka’idar Haɓaka Haɓaka Haɓaka Techno Dankali na Dutch
Jigon hanyar
An bambanta noman dankalin turawa bisa ga fasahar Dutch ta hanyar shukar zuma. Irin wannan motsi yana ba ku damar sarrafa iskar oxygen a fili da matakin danshi na ƙasa. Shawarar zurfin dasa shuki shine matsakaicin 10 cm.
Tsarin noma ya haɗa da dasa shuki a cikin ramuka masu zurfi. Yayin da ɓangaren ƙasa ke tasowa, abin nadi na ƙasa yana ƙaruwa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu ya wadatar da ƙasa tare da oxygen, don kauce wa raguwa na danshi da yaduwar cututtuka na fungal. Noman dankali bisa ga fasahar Yaren mutanen Holland yana buƙatar aiwatar da tsauraran ka’idodin agrotechnical a kowane mataki na haɓaka al’adu. Hanyar ta ƙunshi ayyuka masu zuwa:
- zaɓi na kayan iri masu inganci,
- aikin shiri tare da ƙasa,
- shuka tsire-tsire bisa ga wani tsari.
- kula da kyau,
- girbin dankalin turawa.
ƙwararrun masana ne suka ɓullo da makircin shuka dankali bisa ga fasahar Dutch don amfani da sikelin masana’antu. Duk da haka, yawancin manoma suna amfani da hanyar a gida. Aiwatar da ka’idojin aikin gona a lokacin girma na iya inganta ingancin ƙasa da samun girbi mai kyau. Fasaha na noma yana ba ku damar samun kilogiram 2-3 na dankali daga daji 1.
Kayan shuka
Menene dankali ya dace da noma ta hanyar Yaren mutanen Holland? Da farko, kana buƙatar zaɓar nau’in dankali mai kyau. Ko da nau’ikan da ba su da saurin lalacewa, ana bada shawara don sabunta gaba ɗaya bayan shekaru 4-5. Tushen amfanin gona da mutane da yawa ke ƙauna, sau da yawa yana fama da cututtukan fungal daban-daban, sabili da haka, tsawon shekaru, yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace harka ya fara raguwa. A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, nau’ikan Dutch sun shahara sosai, duk da haka wasu manoma sun fi son irin dankalin gida, suna yin la’akari da matsakaicin ɗanɗanon amfanin gona na Dutch. Bugu da ƙari, tsire-tsire da ake shigo da su ba sa samun tushe a duk yankuna.
Daga cikin nau’ikan Dutch ɗin da aka fi amfani da su:
- Impala,
- Yarla,
- Eba,
- Frisia,
- Kafin da sauransu.
Shahararrun nau’ikan ƙasa: Luck, Nevsky, Sonny, Lugovsky.
Shirye-shiryen iri
Kada ku ɗauki dankali daga farkon haifuwa a matsayin kayan iri, yana da kyau a ba da fifiko ga 2-3 haifuwa. 3-5 cm dankali sun dace da noma ta hanyar Yaren mutanen Holland, kamar yadda zai yiwu. Kada a yi amfani da ƙananan amfanin gona na tushen. Kowane dankalin turawa dole ne ya kasance yana da aƙalla peepholes 5.
Dole ne a fara shuka fasahar Dutch. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da kowane daidaitattun hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin saukowa na al’ada. Bambance-bambancen shine dankalin dankalin Holland lokacin da sprouts ya kai 0,5 cm. Wadannan harbe masu girma dabam ne mafi kyau duka don inji dasa. A cikin yankunanmu, tsire-tsire masu irin wannan harbe na iya mutuwa saboda raguwar zafin jiki, don haka kada ku yi gaggawar shuka. Tushen dankali ya kamata ya kai aƙalla 2.5 cm, musamman idan za a yi shuka da hannu a cikin ƙasa.
Aiki tare da ƙasa
Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi wurin da ya dace don shuka
Dasa dankali bisa ga fasahar Dutch ya ƙunshi ƙarin aikin shiri tare da ƙasa. Wani muhimmin yanayin shine zaɓin shafin. Dasa dankali a kan gangara ba a ba da shawarar ba. A wannan yanayin, ruwa zai zube kuma ƙasa za ta yayyafa.
Hanyar ta ƙunshi amfani da ƙasan ƙasa don fesa dankali. Dole ne ya ƙunshi humus, in ba haka ba, dole ne a yi takin ƙasa da karimci tare da kwayoyin halitta. An haramta sosai a sauka a wuri guda. Za a iya mayar da al’adar zuwa tsohon wurin na tsawon shekaru 3 kawai. A cikin ƙananan filaye, ana shuka amfanin gona a wuri guda, tare da yanayin yin amfani da adadi mai yawa na kwayoyin halitta da kuma kula da ƙasa tare da herbicides.
Kada a dasa dankali a madadin tumatir ko sauran amfanin gona na inuwa. Wannan na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta a ƙarshen lokaci. Ana ba da shawarar a zaɓi wurin da suka girma:
- hunturu,
- Wake,
- lilin,
- radishes,
- hatsi,
- cucumbers,
- kayan lambu.
Fall shiri
Tsarin noman ƙasa yana farawa a cikin kaka, bayan girbi. An haƙa shafin zuwa zurfin 25-30 cm, cire duk tushen da weeds. Bayan haka, ana amfani da takin gargajiya, a cikin adadin kilogiram 5 a kowace 10 m2.
Daga cikin takin ma’adinai, suna amfani da mahaɗan potassium da superphosphate a cikin adadin kilogiram 0.2 da 0.5 kg. Idan shafin yana ɗan raguwa, yana da kyau kada a aiwatar da suturar fall, in ba haka ba zai wanke kayan abinci a cikin bazara tare da ruwa. Kafin dasa dankali, kana buƙatar zaɓar hanyar da za a magance ciyawa da kwari. Yaren mutanen Holland suna amfani da takin ma’adinai masu yawa da magungunan ciyawa don wannan. A cikin yanayin ƙananan tattalin arziki, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ma’adanai kawai.
Shirye-shiryen bazara
A cikin bazara, ya kamata a sake buɗe wurin zuwa zurfin kusan 15 cm. Wannan hanya tana ba ku damar kula da mafi kyawun adadin iskar oxygen a cikin zurfin yadudduka na ƙasa.Ta hanyar wannan hanyar noma, ɗakunan iska suna buɗewa ta hanyar da danshi ke kewayawa.
Idan a cikin Netherlands ana yin shuka ba tare da jiran ƙasa ta dumi ba, to a cikin yanayinmu yana da mahimmanci a jira har sai ƙasa ta shirya don dasa. Ba a ba da shawarar murɗa ƙasa ko rufe ƙasa ba. Don haka saman yadudduka sun bushe da sauri kuma su yi zafi. A cikin bazara, sau da yawa, ana ƙara mahaɗan nitrogen-potassium, alal misali, ash ko urea.
Mafi kyawun lokacin saukowa
Ana iya dasa dankali a tsakiyar Maris
Babban abin da ake buƙata don kwanan watan shuka shine shirye-shiryen ƙasa. Lokacin da ƙasa ke da kyau a bayan shebur, za ku iya fara dasa shuki tubers.Suna fara dasa dankali a tsakiyar Maris. Wa’adin zai bambanta bisa ga yanayin yanayin yankin. Saukowa a kan ƙasa mara zafi ba a ba da shawarar ba, in ba haka ba tubers na iya daskare.
Tare da dasa shuki da wuri, tsarin tushen yana haɓaka da sauri kuma ɓangaren ƙasa yana girma daidai. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa shirye-shiryen ƙasa yana farawa nan da nan kafin dasa shuki. Idan an shirya shi na wata daya, an dakatar da aikin iska da ruwa, wanda ya rage alamun aikin.
Tsarin shuka
A cikin yanayin manyan gonaki da ƙananan ƙasa masu zaman kansu, ana aiwatar da dasa shuki daga arewa zuwa kudu. Godiya ga wannan hanya, tsire-tsire suna haskakawa sosai daga kowane bangare, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta tare da cututtukan fungal ya ragu. Mafi kyawun nisa tsakanin ramuka shine 75 cm. Ramin dasa ya kamata ya zama 4-8 cm, matsakaicin 10 cm.
An shirya dankali a kan gadaje a cikin 30 cm increments. Tare da wannan tsari, kowane daji yana da damar da za a bunkasa kullum, kuma rhizome yana karɓar adadin zafi da ma’adanai masu mahimmanci. Don kare shuka daga wireworms da sauran kwari, ana yayyafa kasan gadaje da bawon albasa, sa’an nan kuma takin da takin. An rufe tubers da toka.
Don rufe ramuka, yi ginshiƙai tsayi cm 10 kuma faɗin bai wuce 35 cm ba. A cikin dukan tsawon lokacin girma, zai zama wajibi ne don zubar da ƙasa lokaci-lokaci. A cikin kwanaki 28-30 bayan harbe na farko sun ciji, an ƙara haɓaka zuwa 25 cm a tsayi da 75 cm a fadin.
Amfanin amfanin gona yana buƙatar sassauta ƙasa akai-akai da kuma zuba cikin ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa. Bugu da ƙari kuma, hanyar noma bisa ga fasahar Dutch ta ƙunshi amfani da fungicides da herbicides don hana mamaye kwari da yaduwar cututtukan fungal. Yin ayyukan kula da tsire-tsire masu sauƙi yana ba ku damar samun girbi mai kyau a kowane yanki.
Cuidado
Dokokin kulawa:
- bayan kwanaki 14 daga lokacin shuka, yakamata a cire ciyawa, ƙasa tsakanin layuka ya kamata a kwance.
- don hana ci gaban ciyawa tsakanin layuka, ya kamata a bi da shi tare da maganin ciyawa.
- Ya kamata a shayar da shi sau 3 a duk lokacin kakar: a lokacin budding, bayan fall yana fure wata daya kafin girbi.
Noma na yau da kullun na ƙasa yana ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar daidaituwa na ɓangaren ƙasa da rhizome, da kuma kawar da ƙarancin danshi. Lokacin amfani da herbicides, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa tasirin magungunan yana ɗaukar kwanaki 14, don haka jiyya 6 a ko’ina cikin duka. lokaci. Ana yin rigakafin sinadarai sosai kafin budding ya fara. An haramta sosai don amfani da sinadarai yayin fure.
Lokacin da aka girma dankali ta hanyar Yaren mutanen Holland, ba a yi amfani da ban ruwa kai tsaye ba, in ba haka ba za a iya lalata embankments. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine tsarin drip, yana ba da damar shigar da danshi iri ɗaya cikin duk yadudduka na ƙasa. Wannan zaɓi na ban ruwa yana ba ku damar adana ruwa kuma kai tsaye zuwa rhizome.
Girbi
Lokacin girbi ya dogara gaba ɗaya akan nau’in dankalin turawa da manufar amfanin gona. Dankali tsaba na marigayi iri ana girbe a farkon watan Agusta. A wannan lokacin, yawancin tushen amfanin gona ya kai girman da ake buƙata da matakin balaga. Sauran lokacin ya bambanta daga farkon Yuli zuwa ƙarshen Agusta.
Kafin girbi, ana ba da shawarar sarrafa saman tare da hanyoyin bushewa ko yankan su. A sakamakon wannan magani, da tubers cikakken ripen da kwasfa ya zama m. Wannan yana rage haɗarin lalacewar inji, da kuma ƙara aminci. Processing tare da desiccants (bushe shirye-shirye) ba ka damar ajiye tubers daga marigayi blight kamuwa da cuta.
Duk waɗannan kwayoyi suna da sakamako na fungicidal, wanda manufarsa ita ce halakar da nama mai rai wanda aka samo spores na naman gwari. A sakamakon haka, cutar ta lalace tare da sashin ƙasa kuma baya wuce zuwa tushen amfanin gona. A yau, dankalin fasaha na Dutch galibi ana girma a gida. Wannan yana ba ku damar samun girbi mai kyau a kowane yanki.
