A cewar masu lambu, iskar dankalin turawa ba ta da muni fiye da irin nau’in kasashen waje, don haka kuna buƙatar la’akari da duk halayen wannan nau’in don sanin shi daki-daki. A shekara ta 2005, a Jamhuriyar Belarus, masu shayarwa na cibiyar kimiyya na ilimin kimiyya da ke da hannu a nazarin noman dankalin turawa, sun gabatar da wani sabon nau’i, baya ga ba da izini da kuma ba shi sunan iska.
Iskar dankali iri-iri
Bayan wannan binciken, shekara guda ta wuce kuma an yi nasarar ƙara wannan nau’in a cikin rajista na Jamhuriyar Belarus, sannan kuma zuwa ga kayan lambu na Rasha a cikin 2009. An ba da shawarar iska don dasa shuki a arewaci da yammacin Rasha, tun da waɗannan Su. su ne tubers resistant zuwa daban-daban climatic yanayi da na kowa cututtuka. Kafin siyan wannan nau’in, ana bada shawarar yin nazarin halaye kuma karanta iskar dankalin turawa. Bayanin iri-iri, sharhi daga wasu lambu waɗanda suka riga sun girma irin wannan iri-iri a yankinku.
Bayanin iskar dankalin turawa
A cewar masu aikin lambu, nau’in dankalin turawa mai iska yana da tsayin tsayin tsayin tsayi. Tushen ya fi sauran nau’ikan sirara kaɗan kuma baya da haske mai haske. Ganyen suna da girma, kore mai haske. Inflorescence mai siffar Corolla ja ne ko shunayya, na matsakaicin diamita. Iskar tana da kaso mai yawa na yawan amfanin ƙasa, tana kaiwa zuwa cents 600 a kowace kadada.
Don irin wannan nau’in, wannan kyakkyawar alama ce mai kyau. Bayanin nau’in dankalin turawa iri-iri yana nuna cewa tubers suna da m, babba, tare da fata mai laushi mai launin rawaya, wanda ke da ƙananan ƙananan idanu. Nauyin ‘ya’yan itace shine kimanin gram 130. Abun ciki na ciki yana da launin rawaya, wanda ba ya ɓace ko da lokacin dafa abinci. Abubuwan sitaci a cikin tuber shine 12-16%. Ana amfani da iska sosai wajen dafa abinci kuma ana amfani da ita a soyayyen don samar da guntun dankalin turawa, guntun dankalin turawa, ko daskarewa.
Amfanin iskar iri-iri
- Kyakkyawan ingancin kulawa.
- Babban dandano ‘ya’yan itace.
- Kyakkyawan siffar tuber.
- Dorewar rigakafi ga cututtukan hoto kamar su mosaic da fungi.
Amfanin amfanin gona
An yi rajista mafi yawan amfanin gona a yankin Kaliningrad, sannan manoman noma sun tattara cents 450 a kowace hekta, wannan adadi ya fi na sauran nau’ikan iri iri iri. Bisa ka’ida, ana girbe kusan centi 300 na tubers a kowace kadada. An yi rijistar amfanin gona na cents 625 a kowace hekta a Jamhuriyar Belarus. Duk wannan ya faru ne saboda babban filastik da daidaitawa ga abinci mai gina jiki, numfashi da kuma ruwa na ƙasa inda shuka ke girma. Masanan sun kammala da cewa idan aka ƙara haɓakar abubuwan gina jiki na ƙasa, yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Iskar farkon iri ce kuma a lokacin noman an rubuta cewa bayan kwanaki 35 na shuka sun kai yawan amfanin gona na cents 60 a kowace kadada. . Bayan watanni 1,5, wannan alamar ta riga ta kasance cents 170 a kowace hekta, kuma bayan kusan watanni 2, 270 cents a kowace kadada. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan iri-iri yana da sifa ɗaya. Dangane da halaye masu kyau, wannan nau’in ya shahara musamman ga masu lambu don siyar da matasa tubers. Saboda dandano, santsin fata, da siffar tuber oval, nau’in iska yana cikin buƙatu da yawa.
Shirye-shiryen kayan shuka
Tubers dole ne a shirye don dasa shuki
- Makonni biyu, ana ajiye tubers a cikin haske a zazzabi na digiri 13. Don hardening kwanaki biyu kafin dasa shuki, tubers ya kamata a rufe da jaka. Idan haka ne, zaku iya amfani da ciyawa ko bambaro ko wani abu don rufewa. Kuna iya duba yanayin ƙasa tare da ma’aunin zafi da sanyio, sanya shi zurfin 10 cm. Yanayin zafin ƙasa ya kamata ya zama kusan digiri 8.
- Hakanan kuna buƙatar ƙara takin mai magani na potassium da superphosphate a cikin ƙasa, sannan a tono ƙasa don dasa. Rijiyoyin tono bisa ga makirci: zurfin – 10 cm, nisa tsakanin ramuka – 40 cm, tsakanin furrows – 70 cm. Wannan makirci yana ba da sauƙi mai sauƙi, kuma a lokacin furanni da girma ba a samar da kauri mai yawa ba, wanda kuma ya shafi abinci mai gina jiki na shuka da aikinsa. / li>
- Mun sanya tubers a cikin ramuka tare da idanu masu tasowa sama da kuma cika su da ƙasa mai gina jiki a saman tare da ƙari na toka. Wannan hanya tana kare shuka daga kwari da cututtuka da dama.
Dokokin shuka da girma iri-iri na iska
Don dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar dumama ƙasa zuwa zazzabi na digiri 7-8, tare da zurfin 10-12 cm, kawai a cikin wannan yanayin, zaku iya fara dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Yawancin lokaci lokacin dasa shuki yana farawa a cikin kakar a farkon watan Mayu. Duk da gaskiyar cewa babban halayen irin wannan dankali yana da kyau, ba a ba da shawarar shuka kayan dasa shuki kafin Mayu, don kada shuka ya daskare. Game da abinci mai gina jiki na ƙasa, an sami nasarar noma iska a duk faɗin Rasha. Idan an shayar da shuka akan lokaci, zamu iya tsammanin yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace ƙasa.
Muna ba da shawarar dasa shuki bisa ga makirci mai zuwa: a cikin adadin 550 tubers a kowace murabba’in mita ɗari don ƙasa mai haske, har zuwa tubers 400 don ƙasa mai nauyi. Domin noman ya kasance mai yawa kuma mai inganci, da kuma dandano na ‘ya’yan itace ya zama mafi kyau, kana buƙatar kula da shuka yadda ya kamata.
Iskar tana girma da kyau a cikin gadaje masu yawa kuma ana shayar da ruwa akai-akai. Ingancin dandano da juriya na cututtuka suna shafar kai tsaye ta adadin ban ruwa da aka shuka. Wannan iri-iri ba ya jure wa ƙasa mai ƙazari da ɗanshi. Wannan nau’in yana karɓar takin ma’adinai da kyau. Ɗauki superphosphate da ammonium sulfate da kyau, kamar yadda ya zama dole don kula da ƙasa pH. Ta wannan hanyar, iska tana karɓar abubuwan gina jiki don ci gabanta na gaba kuma mai amfani.
Iskar dankalin turawa
An samu nasarar yaduwa da iska ta hanyar amfani da sassan tuberous zuwa kashi biyu ta hanyar seedlings a lokacin germination, folds, da kuma rarraba tsaba daga shrubs da tubers. Tare da hanyar yaduwar ciyayi, zaka iya samun ƙarin yawan amfanin ƙasa, amma yana da daraja da It. Ya kamata a yi la’akari da cewa bayan shekaru 4-5 na shuka dankalin turawa akai-akai, yawan amfanin su yana raguwa kuma dandano ya kara tsananta. Wannan shi ne sau da yawa saboda gaskiyar cewa dole ne a maye gurbin kayan dasa da sababbin tubers, tun da tsofaffi sun rasa tasirin su, sabili da haka yawan amfanin gona ya ragu.
Bayanin yana nuna cewa don daidaito da girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar canza kayan shuka zuwa wani sabon abu. , lokaci-lokaci maye gurbin iri tubers. Ta hanyar dasa tsaba, bayan shekara guda, ana samun amfanin gona na ƙananan ‘ya’yan itatuwa, kuma ta hanyar dasa su a shekara mai zuwa, tubers masu kyau suna girma. Iskar tana da kyau saboda ba ta da lahani ga lalacewar injina, saboda tsawon lokacin kulawa. Halayen nau’ikan iri-iri sune kamar cewa tubers ba sa buƙatar yanayi na musamman yayin ajiya, kuma busassun cellar ya dace da irin wannan nau’in, inda zafin jiki ya tashi daga digiri 2 zuwa 5.
Yadda za a adana dankali mai iska da kyau?
Ya kamata a adana dankali a wuri mai sanyi
Fiye da 97% na lambu sunyi imani cewa wannan nau’in ya dace da ajiyar hunturu, kuma a lokaci guda tubers ba sa rasa gabatarwa. Sau da yawa ya zama dole a lura da irin waɗannan nau’ikan, musamman ma na farko, waɗanda kawai ba sa sanya shi cikin bazara kuma suna fama da ruɓewa, lalacewa da haɓakar wuri da wuri. Masu lambu kuma suna kula da yanayin ginshiƙan ƙasa da wuraren ajiyar kayan amfanin gona na dankalin turawa.
Iskar dankalin turawa ta bambanta da nau’ikan iri da yawa ta yadda lokacin da tuber ya dumi, toho ya fara girma. A wannan batun, ƙwararrun lambu ba sa adana tubers a cikin ɗakuna masu dumi sosai. A tubers iya germinate a cikin haske haske. Godiya ga haske, kodan sun zama masu yawa, har ma a waje, kuma harbe suna fitowa sosai. Masu noman kayan lambu ba sa rufe tubers don kiyaye ‘ya’yan itatuwa cikin kyakkyawan yanayi. Gabatar da tubers na iska yana da kyau sosai kuma yayi daidai da kashi 95-96%, wanda aka ɗauka alama ce mai kyau.
Cututtuka da kwari
Iri-iri yana da sauƙi ga nematode dankalin turawa. Idan wannan m yana zaune a cikin lambun ku, to dole ne ku sami wani cultivar ko kawar da kwaro. Hakanan akwai ƙaramin damar asarar scab. Iskar tana da matsakaicin juriya ga baƙar ƙafa. Akwai yuwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, amma wannan kawai tare da raunin rigakafi na iri-iri. Idan rigakafi na shuka ya raunana, ana ba da shawarar jiyya na fungicidal. A halin yanzu, agrochemicals suna da babban zaɓi na ingantattun magunguna.
Yin amfani da su a kan lokaci, waɗannan magungunan na iya hana naman gwari fitowa kuma, idan ya bayyana, yana hana yaduwar cututtuka a cikin filin. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin zabar kowane nau’i na dankalin turawa, yawancin nau’in ana kwatanta su da wadanda suke da su. An riga an dasa shi.a cikin lambun, kuma gwaninta ya nuna cewa ba shi da daraja zana ƙarshe na kakar wasa ɗaya. Domin shekaru biyu ko uku, a cikin kwarewata, daidaitaccen kimanta duk halaye da rashin amfani na wannan nau’in. Ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya zaɓar nau’in dankalin turawa wanda ya dace da yankin ku kuma ku ba da girbi mai kyau.
Maganin ciwon mara
latti blight shine cuta mafi muni a duk inuwa. Tushen kamuwa da cuta shine naman gwari da ke haifar da cutar. Idan an gano cututtukan fungal, ana ba da shawarar cewa a kula da shuka tare da fungicides. Kuma a cikin wani hali ba za a iya cuta tubers a shirya don dasa shuki. A wannan yanayin, a matsayin ma’auni na rigakafi, ana buƙatar ciyawa na yau da kullum. Tare da maganin da bai dace ba, cutar na iya lalata kusan kashi 71% na amfanin gona saboda wuraren da abin ya shafa. A wannan yanayin, kayan iri suna rasa rigakafi, kuma idanu sun ɓace gaba ɗaya.
Maganin scab
Ana kula da scab tare da fungicides da takin mai magani don haifar da tasirin acid kaɗan. halayen a ƙasa. Kamar yadda aka ambata riga a lokacin ripening lokaci, raunana tubers ne sau da yawa mai saukin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta. A nan gaba, don rigakafi da sarrafawa, kayan iri dole ne a shirya su yadda ya kamata don dasa shuki, da farko, wajibi ne a wanke tubers kuma ya lalata wuraren da aka shafa. Don sarrafa magunguna irin su heterosis da urea sun dace Shuka masara a wurin dashen dankalin turawa kuma zai iya taimakawa da wannan matsala. Wannan shine yadda zaku iya kare shukar da kuma kiyaye ƙasa a gaba. Har ila yau, kar ka manta da sarrafa da kuma ciyar da ƙasa tare da ma’adanai.
Sharhi akan ire-iren dankalin turawa
A cewar masu aikin lambu, idan kuna neman sabbin nau’ikan iri, wannan dankalin turawa ya cancanci tsayawa. Halayen waje da dandano na ‘ya’yan itace suna samun karuwar masoya wannan iri-iri a kowace shekara. Masu noman kayan lambu sun dasa wannan dankalin turawa tsawon shekaru da yawa, kuma sun ce yayin da ƙasa ta fi takin ƙasa, mafi girman ma’ana kuma ƙarami da dankalin turawa. Duk da haka, da yawa waɗanda ke musayar dankali a kasuwa ba su ji daɗi ba, saboda ba duk mutane ne ke son siyan manyan dankalin ba, saboda galibi suna ɗauke da ɓarna a ciki, kuma hakan yana haifar da saurin ruɓewa da ruɓewar tuber. Bayan dandanawa, masu lambu da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sun ƙididdige nau’ikan maki 7, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawar alama kuma ta sami alamar ‘mai kyau’.
Ba tare da togiya ba, kowa yana son ɗanɗanon ‘ya’yan itace. Masu lambu da masu lambu, a ka’ida, sun gamsu da wannan nau’in, amma suna da’awar cewa a waje iri-iri iri ɗaya ne da komai, abu mai mahimmanci shine dandano da yawan aiki. Haka nan, ba a dafa dankali a lokacin dafa abinci. Masu lambu sun ce idan aka yi amfani da ƙarin taki a cikin ƙasa, ɗanɗanon dankali zai zama mai daɗi sosai, dankalin turawa yana da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki saboda kyakkyawar ƙasa mai kyau, kuma yayin sarrafa shi a duk shekara yana maido da ma’aunin ma’adinai da sinadarai.
