Ga masu lambu na Volga-Vyatka, Urals da Yammacin Siberiya, dankalin turawa na Irbitsky zai zama kyakkyawan siye. Wannan shine ɗayan sabbin nau’ikan kiwo na Rasha waɗanda ke ba ku damar girbi isasshen daga ƙaramin gidan rani don samarwa dangin ku kayan hunturu.
Halayen Irbitsky dankalin turawa iri-iri
Irbitsky dankali shige jihar rajista a 2012, an bada shawarar ga namo a yankunan da matsakaici continental sauyin yanayi.
Descripción
Iri-iri yana da matsakaicin farkon balaga. Daga bayyanar tsiron zuwa girma na fasaha, kwanaki 65 zuwa 80 sun wuce. Mahaliccinsa, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Ural na Kimiyyar Noma, ya ba da bayanin nau’in dankalin turawa na Irbitsky. Shishrub ɗin yana da madaidaiciya, na matsakaicin girma, na nau’in tsaka-tsaki (tsakanin ƙarami da yadawa). Kwayoyin suna duhu kore.
Ganye mai matsakaicin girma, rarrabuwar tsaka-tsaki, yana samar da manyan inflorescences tare da jajayen ja-violet. Tubers suna zagaye, ja, suna yin la’akari 110-180 g. Yawancin lokaci 6-8 tubers tare da jimlar nauyin kilo 2 ko fiye suna samuwa a ƙarƙashin daji. Fatar sirara ce, santsi, tare da ƙananan idanu. Ruwan ruwa mai haske ne. Dankali yana da dandano mai kyau, matsakaicin narkewa. Abubuwan sitaci shine 12-16%.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na iri-iri
Irbitsky iri-iri yana da halaye da yawa saboda abin da mazauna bazara suka samu don shuka kayan dasa su na babban aji:
- Daidaitawa ga yanayin agroclimatic. Bisa ga Rajista na Jiha, ana ba da shawarar al’adun ga yankuna 3 na Tarayyar Rasha, amma an samu nasarar girma a wasu yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha da kasashen waje.
- Yawan amfanin ƙasa: 255 zuwa 390 cents ana girbe daga 1 ha, matsakaicin shine cents 468.
- Yiwuwar ajiya na dogon lokaci.
- Yadu amfani a cikin kitchen.
- Matsakaicin juriya ga cututtuka da yawa: ciwon daji na dankalin turawa, nau’ikan mosaics, X, Y, L, S virus, nematode.
Babu takamaiman lahani a cikin nau’ikan, kamar yadda aka bayyana. Kamar kowane nau’in dankalin turawa, wannan yana nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
Noman dankalin turawa
Ɗaya daga cikin buƙatun da ake buƙata shine kayan shuka mai inganci. Zai fi kyau idan ya kasance superelite ko elite, shine a ce tubers waɗanda ke da dukkan halaye iri-iri kuma ba su tara cututtuka ba. Ana gudanar da shirye-shiryen bisa ga al’ada. A cikin kaka suna kula da ƙasa.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
An ware wuri mai haske don noma. Mafi kyawun yanayin ƙasa don nau’in dankalin turawa na Irbit shine kamar haka: sako-sako, m, ɗan acidic, kodayake iri-iri za su yi girma a kowace ƙasa. Ba a ba da shawarar girma a wuri guda fiye da shekaru 2-3, bayan sauran membobin gidan nightshade, don shimfiɗa gadaje kusa da shuka tumatir, eggplants, barkono. Mafi kyawun mafarin dankali shine legumes, ganye na perennial.
Ana amfani da taki a cikin ƙasa a lokacin kaka ko bazara, nan da nan kafin dasa dankali.
Shuka yana buƙatar samfuran halitta guda biyu. da inorganic takin mai magani. Mafi ƙarancin saiti shine humus, itacen ash, nitrophoska. Matsakaicin ya dogara da halaye na ƙasa. Idan ƙasa ta kasance clayey, nauyi, don murabba’in kilomita 1. m ciyar guga na humus ko peat, 1 tbsp. itace ash, 2 tbsp. l nitrofoski Sandy kasa yana buƙatar hadi na yau da kullum don inganta tsari, ƙara yawan riƙe ruwa da haihuwa.
Shuka dankali
Kafin dasa, ana shirya tsaba dankalin turawa.Tsarin ayyuka kamar haka:
- Makonni 3-4 kafin dasa shuki, an zaɓi tubers masu lalacewa, an canza su daga ajiya zuwa ɗaki mai dumi, mai haske don germination da kore (mafi kyau a saka a cikin yadudduka 1-2).
- Bayan harbe sun kai 2-3 cm, an daidaita su.
- nan da nan kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ana yanka manyan dankali zuwa sassa da yawa don kowanne ya ƙunshi harbe 2-3.
- Bi da kayan dasa shuki tare da fili wanda ya haɗa da maganin kashe kwari (idan akwai barazanar lalacewar kwari) da haɓaka haɓaka, yi amfani da maganin potassium permanganate.
Kawai dace tubers lafiya
Ana ba da shawarar dasa tubers bayan ƙasa ta dumi zuwa zazzabi na 5-8 ° C zuwa zurfin 10 cm. Idan ba a cika kwanakin ƙarshe ba, akwai jinkirin ci gaba da raguwa mai yawa a cikin aiki (har zuwa 20%).
An saka dankalin Irbitsky a cikin ramuka 60 cm daga juna. Nisa a cikin jere shine 35 cm, zurfin shine 8-10 cm. Idan ba a yi takin filin a da ba, ana iya ƙara humus da ash kai tsaye zuwa ramin. Babu wani hali ya kamata ku yi amfani da taki marar girma.
Kula da dankalin turawa
Daban-daban ba su da ƙima yayin fita. Ya isa ya bi ƙa’idodi masu sauƙi na yau da kullun ga wannan al’ada.
Watse
Iri-iri yana jure wa fari da kyau, amma yana buƙatar shayarwa a lokacin budding, flowering, da tuberization. Ana yin shayarwa ta farko bayan fitowar. Idan ba a yi ruwan sama a watan Yuli – farkon watan Agusta, kuma ƙasar ta bushe, wajibi ne don rage yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa da kuma tsawaita lokacin girma tare da yawan shayarwa, amma zafi a kan shafin bai kamata ya tsaya ba.
Ana yin shayarwa bayan tamping da haɗuwa tare da taki.Ba shi yiwuwa a hana ɓawon burodi, dole ne a kwance ƙasa, an lalata ciyawa.
Hanya ta musamman da kowane nau’in dankalin turawa ke buƙata shine tudu. Ana aiwatar da akalla sau 2 a kakar don ƙirƙirar yanayi don ɗaure tubers, mafi kyawun iska. An fesa shi a karon farko lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yada zuwa 15 cm. A lokaci guda, an zubar da tudu na ƙasa mai tsayi, har zuwa 20 cm. Ana yin fesa na gaba kafin rufe saman.
Taki
Kamar Duk Medium Cikakkun Lokaci iri iri Irbit dankali ne musamman bukatar na gina jiki a lokacin da m saman girma da farkon tuberization. Ya kamata a lura da ma’auni na nitrogen, phosphorus da takin mai magani. Yawanci na nitrogen zai haifar da haɓaka da sauri a cikin koren taro da raguwa a cikin yawa da ingancin amfanin gona.
Ciyarwar farko tana faruwa bayan tudun farko. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da cakuda ruwa na takin gargajiya. A cikin guga na ruwa mai narkewa:
- 30 g na takin mai magani na nitrogen,
- 30 g na potassium,
- 60 g na phosphate.
Yana da kyau a yi takin tare da takin gargajiya. Ingantacciyar zubar kaji. Ba za a iya amfani da sabo ba. Lambu gabaɗaya suna shirya grout: suna tayar da datti a cikin ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:15 kuma su bar shi don yin fure a cikin akwati da aka rufe na kwanaki da yawa. Ka’idojin amfani da irin wannan suturar ba su wuce lita 1 a kowace daji ba.
Ana buƙatar shuka shuka bayan an shayar da shi, ana zuba takin mai magani a cikin rijiyoyin. Bai kamata a bar waɗannan haɗe-haɗe na gina jiki su je sama ba.
Tufafin foliar yana da tasiri don noma, musamman a matakin girma na koren taro, lokacin fure da samuwar tuber. Tsire-tsire suna amfani da urea (da 5 l na ruwa, 100 g na urea, 150 g na potassium monophosphate, 5 g na boric acid) da takin mai magani phosphoric (a kowace lita 10 na ruwa, 100 g na superphosphate).
Ana iya ciyar da shi da ganye da takin gargajiya. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da mafita na humates, jiko na nettle, mai arziki a cikin abubuwan ganowa. Don shirya wannan jiko, ana zubar da nettle da ruwa, a bar shi ya yi laushi, sannan a tace shi da ruwa. Irin wannan babban suturar foliar za a iya aiwatar da shi bayan samuwar 4 na wannan ganye tare da tazara na kwanaki 10-14.
Kula da kwaro
Tun da iri-iri na da juriya ga yawancin cututtuka, babban abin da ke barazana ga amfanin gona shine kwari.Mafi hatsarin kwaro, musamman a yankunan kudanci, shine Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro. Don magance shi, ana amfani da injiniyoyi (tarin larvae da beetles manya) da hanyoyin sinadarai. Ana siya ingantattun magungunan kashe qwari da halittu (Aktara, Bankol, Bikol, Regent, Colorado, da sauransu) a kantuna na musamman. Idan adadin larvae ƙananan ne, zaka iya amfani da shirye-shiryen ganye da aka shirya. Yana iya zama yau da kullum infusions na wormwood, gyada ganye, celandine ko decoctions na Dandelion, m barkono.
Don hana lalacewar tuber ta waya, gabatarwar Bazudin granules a lokacin shirye-shiryen ƙasa na bazara zai taimaka. Don halakar da beyar, wanda ke lalata matasa tubers da gnaws stolons, dole ne a gabatar da ‘Wofatox’ ko ‘Medvetox’ a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm.
ƙarshe
B marigayi Yuli – farkon Agusta, za ka iya riga tono sama matasa dankali. Amma idan burin ku shine girbi matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa, dole ne ku jira har sai tubers sun cika cikakke.
Don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa a tsakanin mazauna bazara da masu lambu, ana yin manyan yankan kwanaki 10-14 kafin girbi. Ana iya yin takin kuma a yi amfani da shi azaman taki mai mahimmanci. Cire daga sabo ko busassun tapas – shiri don yaƙar kwari da yawa.
