Masu gonaki masu zaman kansu sukan shuka nau’in kayan lambu da wuri. Wasu don aiwatarwa, wasu don bukatun ku. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan nau’ikan shine dankalin turawa Ilyinsky. Wannan nau’in tebur ne wanda ya dace da noman filin buɗe ido a tsakiyar yankin Black Earth na ƙasar da maƙwabta. A cikin yankunan kudanci, ana girma tare da yawan ban ruwa, lokacin da ƙasa dole ne a jika har zuwa zurfin 0.5 m. A ƙarƙashin irin waɗannan yanayi, zaku iya samun isassun manyan amfanin gona waɗanda suka dace da ka’idodin nau’in.
Halayen dankalin turawa Ilyinsky
Halin shuka ISTIC
Ilyinsky dankalin turawa iri-iri iya samar, a cikin fasaha balaga mataki, fiye da 350 W / ha, tare da kyau kula. Lokacin girbi matasa dankali don siyarwa, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ragu kaɗan.
The marketability na tubers ne game da 99%, wannan shi ne dan kadan mafi girma fiye da matsakaita dabi’u na sauran nau’in, sa shi riba girma.
Bayanin daji
Bushes na shuka yawanci suna tsaye, har zuwa 60 cm tsayi, wanda ya ƙunshi 4 zuwa 6 mai tushe. Tushen suna da bushewa sosai a saman, kuma daga ƙasa za su iya zama tsirara.
Ganyen dankalin turawa, amma ba tare da gefuna ba, girma har zuwa 12 cm. Launuka kore ne, cikakke. Jijiyoyin suna bayyana rauni.
Inflorescences na apical sun ƙunshi furanni masu sauƙi. Furannin ƙananan launin shuɗi-ja ne. Furen suna iya girma tare a gindi.
Har zuwa ‘ya’yan itatuwa 12 suna girma a cikin gidan ‘ya’yan itace. Nauyinsa shine 55g zuwa 160g. Tubers suna m, an rufe su da bakin ciki, fata mai ja. Akwai jajayen idanu kadan akansa. Suna cikin ƙananan wuraren da ake iya gani. Farin ɓangaren litattafan almara ya ƙunshi har zuwa 18% busassun kwayoyin halitta.
Bayanin tubers
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da daɗi. Sitaci a cikinsu shine kusan 17%, kuma sukari 0,12%. Lokacin slicing, yankan ba sa duhu, yana ba ku damar dafa pancakes da pancakes waɗanda suka kasance haske. A lokacin dafa abinci da soya, naman ba ya raguwa, amma yana riƙe da siffarsa. Dankalin da aka dasa yana da kyau da ƙamshi.
Cikakkun ‘ya’yan itacen dankalin turawa, aika don ajiya, kada ku rasa halayen nau’in su na dogon lokaci. A tubers zama m, kada ku Fade kuma kada ku rasa dandano. Fiye da kashi 93% na amfanin gona ana kiyaye su da kyau har sai an girbe sabbin tubers a shekara mai zuwa.
Musamman mai dadi crispy dankali za a iya dafa shi.Saboda haka, a kan sikelin masana’antu, ana bada shawarar irin wannan tuber don yin kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
Abũbuwan amfãni
An yi amfani da dankalin Ilyinsky sosai a cikin filayen saboda halayensa.
- Yana da babban aiki.
- Gabatar da kyawawan kayayyaki masu inganci.
- A tubers suna halin su high tabbatarwa ingancin.
- ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun dace da maganin zafi daban-daban.
Bugu da kari, amfanin dankalin turawa Ilyinskaya sun hada da juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta kamar:
- Ciwon daji,
- marigayi blight akan maɓalli. Yum,
- na kowa scabies
Halayen ciwon daji sun haɗa da samuwar farin girma a kan tubers da kore – a kan mai tushe, wanda a kan lokaci ya fara rot. Irin wannan damuwa ba ya barazana ga dankalinmu, da kuma kasancewar scab na kowa a kan ‘ya’yan itatuwa na foci.
disadvantages
Tsire-tsire suna iya kamuwa da cuta
Dankalin Ilyinsky yana fama da cututtukan da ba a taɓa gani ba. Daga cikin kwari da za su iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa, za ku iya kiran nematode wanda ke samar da cysts na zinariya da Colorado beetles.
Wireworm da beyar wani lokaci ma suna iya jin daɗin ‘ya’yan itatuwa kuma su bar alamun ziyararsu. Ƙananan ramuka sun kasance daga wireworm, kuma bear yana lalata bayyanar, wani lokaci yana barin harsashi kawai.
Ƙasar dankalin turawa
Halayen hanyoyin kula da irin wannan nau’in tuber sun nuna cewa ƙasar da aka shuka iri-iri na dankalin turawa Ilyinsky ya kamata a shirya a cikin fall. Don yin wannan, zaɓi wurin da ba a shuka amfanin gona na inuwar dare ba aƙalla shekaru 3. Ana shafa ruɓaɓɓen taki a saman ƙasa, kimanin kilogiram 250 a kowace sassa ɗari. Kuna iya fesa takin ma’adinai mai rikitarwa da shi, wanda ya haɗa da:
- ammonium nitrate – 2 kg;
- potassium gishiri – 1.5 kg,
- nitroamófos – 1.5 kg.
Idan akwai ciyayi masu ciyayi a wannan yanki, to akwai isasshen nitrogen a cikin ƙasa kuma ana iya rage yawan adadin ammonium nitrate a cikin taki.
Bayan ciyarwa Wajibi ne a tono ƙasa mai zurfi ko garma tare da ƙananan kayan aikin inji. A cikin bazara, an daidaita ƙasa kuma an shirya gadaje.
A kan ƙasan yumbu, ana iya shuka kayan lambu a kan tudu masu tsayi da sauran ƙasa a cikin layuka ɗaya. Bar game da 60 cm tsakanin layuka kuma sanya su daidai da layin Gabas-Yamma, kuma tsakanin ramukan ya kamata ya zama 30 cm. Tare da wannan tsari na layuka, tsire-tsire za su fi haske da rana.
Ana shirya tsaba dankalin turawa
Girma iri-iri na dankalin turawa Ilyinsky, sanin bayanin halayen su, abu ne mai sauƙi. Dole ne a dasa tubers da germinated kafin dasa shuki a zazzabi na akalla 16 ° C, fallasa ga haske. Lokacin germination yana zuwa wata 1.
Lokacin dasa shuki a kan shafin, ƙasa yakamata a warmed zuwa 10 ° C, kuma tsiron dankalin turawa ya kai 4 cm tsayi. Ana kula da tubers tare da Prestige, wanda zai kare tsire-tsire kusan har sai furanni, kuma ana dasa su a cikin ramuka har zuwa zurfin 12 cm.
Kula da shuka
A cikin aiwatar da girma, ana buƙatar nau’in dankalin turawa iri-iri Ilyinsky Spud sau 3 a kakar. Halayen shuka suna ba shi damar jure wa fari, amma zai fi kyau idan kun shayar da wurin aƙalla sau 3 a lokacin girma. Tare da shayarwa, ana kuma ƙara hadi, wanda aka ƙara a cikin ruwa.
Bayanin kulawa ya haɗa da rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta. Don kauce wa bayyanar cututtuka na marigayi, maganin foliar na tsire-tsire tare da shirye-shiryen jan karfe sulfate, ruwa Bordeaux ko potassium permanganate zai taimaka.
Ana amfani da Gromoboy 1, Gromoboy 2 ko Medvedtoks U akan nematodes da sauran kwari da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da larvae na Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro ya bayyana, ana fesa bushes tare da mafita. Actors, Antizhuk da Ratibor.
ƙarshe
Ta zaɓar nau’in dankalin turawa na farko na Ilyinsky don girma akan rukunin yanar gizon ku, zaku sami amfanin gona na ETA tun daga farko. Ana iya amfani da shi don dafa abinci da kuma tallace-tallace. Matasa dankali suna da matukar bukata, kuma ba kowa yana da nasu mãkirci da kuma ikon shuka su.Dadi da m jita-jita da aka yi daga wani kwayoyin girbi, girbe da hannu, zai zama mai kyau gardama ga dasa shuki tubers a shekara mai zuwa.
