Irin dankalin turawa na Aurora ya dace da masu lambu masu sha’awar haɓaka al’ada tare da kyawawan halaye na gastronomic. Sako da kamshi, wannan dankalin turawa yana da kyau ga jita-jita iri-iri.
Papa Aurora iri
Halaye masu inganci, fasahar noma mai sauƙi ta sa wannan tushen amfanin gona ya zama makawa don noma duka a cikin gidajen rani da ma’aunin masana’antu.
Halayen iri-iri
Aurora iri-iri ne samfurin zaɓi na Rasha. Lokacin maturation shine tsakiyar kakar: kwanaki 80-85 sun shuɗe daga fitowar seedling zuwa girbi balaga.
Patent mariƙin – Vsevolozhskaya Rarraba tashar (Leningrad yankin) .The iri-iri wuce jihar rajista a 2006, da kuma bada shawarar ga namo a mafi yawan yankunan Turai na Rasha (ban da nisa kudu) da kuma Far East.
Tsawon daji na dare yana da tsayi, tsaka-tsalle. Ganyen babba ne, kore mai haske, mai kaɗawa a gefuna. Furen corollas suna da launin ja-violet. Matsakaici-sized tubers suna da siffar m, nauyi – daga 90 zuwa 130 g. Ana samun naman mai tsami a ƙarƙashin fata mai laushi, santsi, launin ruwan kasa. Idanun kanana ne, ruwan hoda. A kan daji guda, an kafa tushen amfanin gona 10-15. Dankali na nau’in Aurora, bisa ga bayanin masu shuka kayan lambu, idan an kiyaye su da kyau, na iya ɗaure har zuwa tubers 30 a ƙarƙashin daji.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Wannan nau’in ‘tuffa ne na ƙasa’ (saboda haka shuka da ake kira a Rasha a karni na 18) yana da fa’idodi da yawa, wanda ya sa ya shahara ga mazauna bazara da masu lambu. Aurora dankali yana da fa’idodi da yawa:
- dandano mai kyau: babban abun ciki na sitaci (13-17%) ya sa ya dace da dafa abinci ta hanyoyi daban-daban: tafasa, frying, yin burodi,
- babban yawan amfanin ƙasa: fiye da 40 t / ha,
- Kyakkyawan kulawa (94%) a ƙarƙashin mafi yawan yanayin ajiya na yau da kullun (zazzabi 2-5 ° C),
- jure fari, yana ba da amfanin gona har ma da fari na rani in babu ban ruwa.
Irin wannan nau’in ba shi da wani lahani. Abin da kawai masu samarwa ke nunawa: idan kuna son samun dankali mai dadi a farkon kakar wasa, wannan nau’in ba zai yi aiki ba saboda matsakaicin lokacin ripening.
Shuka dankali
Don dankali Aurora cultivars suna da kyau daidaita yanayin girma. Amma za ku iya samun albarka mai yawa ta hanyar bin hanyoyin aikin gona da suka dace.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Kula da sabon amfanin gona yana farawa da shirya iri da ƙasa. Don girma wannan iri-iri, yumbu, yashi da ƙasa podzoolic lãka sun fi dacewa.
Dole ne a kula don shirya wurin dasa shuki fall. Namo yana ba da mafi kyawun aiki a cikin ƙasa waɗanda ke da tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ƙaramin alkaline. Ƙasar acidified ta zama alkaline, yada tokar itace ko alli.
Ƙasa kafin dasa shuki taki
Don inganta haifuwa, ana yin ƙasa tare da ruɓaɓɓen taki a cikin adadin buckets 4-5 a kowace murabba’in murabba’in 10 da superphosphate (gilashin 1 a kowace murabba’in murabba’in 10). A cikin kaka, an tono shafin, saboda dankali ba kawai amsawa ga sinadaran da ke cikin ƙasa ba, har ma da friability. A cikin ƙasa mai nauyi mai nauyi, tsarin tushen yana haɓaka da kyau, wanda ke nufin cewa yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa.
Idan ba zai yiwu a yi takin wurin a cikin fall ba, ana iya yin wannan a cikin bazara kai tsaye yayin dasa. Koyaya, ba za a iya amfani da sabon taki ba, ana ƙara humus ko takin da ɗan ƙaramin superphosphate a cikin rami a ƙarƙashin kowane daji.
A shirye-shiryen da tubers kunshi su vernalization. Kwanaki 30-35 kafin ranar shuka da ake sa ran, ana cire tsaba daga cikin ginshiki kuma an shuka su cikin haske a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi. Don kore tubers, an sanya su a cikin kwalaye a cikin yadudduka 1-2. Mafi kyawun amfanin gonar dankalin turawa shine girman babban kwai kaza. Kuma buƙatun don harbe sun kasance gajere (har zuwa 2 cm), lokacin farin ciki. Masu shuka kayan lambu da yawa ba sa ba da shawarar germinating kayan iri a cikin ɗaki mai duhu, saboda harbe za su zama na bakin ciki da elongated, wanda zai shafi ingancin seedlings.
Noman dankalin turawa
Ana iya dasa dankalin Aurora a cikin gado lokacin da saman saman ƙasa ya yi zafi har zuwa zazzabi na 10 ° C. Masu sha’awar alamun jama’a suna ba da shawarar kula da Birch: idan ganyen bishiyar sun fara fure, zaku iya fara dasa shuki.
Don rigakafin, dole ne a bi da tsaba tare da shirye-shirye na musamman kafin dasa shuki. Magungunan kwari da fungicides zasu taimaka hana cututtuka, lalata tubers da ƙananan harbe daga kwari (Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, wireworms, aphids, da dai sauransu). Akwai shirye-shiryen ayyuka sau uku waɗanda kuma ke haɓaka haɓakar shuka.
Masu shuka kayan lambu suna ba da shawarar sanya ramuka a nesa na 60-80 cm daga juna, ta yadda dogayen bushes su sami isasshen sarari don haɓakawa. Zurfin shigar da tubers ya dogara da yanayin yanayi da ingancin ƙasa. Ƙasar tana da nauyi, yanayin yanayi mai laushi – ba mu wuce zurfin 10 cm ba, a kudu, a cikin ƙasa maras kyau – 15-20 cm. . Yana da mahimmanci kada a lalata harbe lokacin dasa shuki.
Kula da dankalin turawa
Yawaita girma, girma Aurora dankalin turawa a tsakiyar kakar ya dogara da inganci da ayyukan noma akan lokaci, manyansu sune:
- ban ruwa,
- hilling,
- top dressing,
- sarrafa kwaro.
Yi la’akari da halayen kowane hanya dangane da wannan al’ada.
Watse
Ba a shayar da gadaje dankalin turawa har sai farkon seedlings, tun da tuber ya ƙunshi isasshen ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki don ci gaban shuka a farkon matakin. Ana ba da shawarar cewa za a gudanar da shayarwa ta farko tsakanin kwanaki 5 zuwa 7 bayan bayyanar harbe-harbe na iska.
Shuka yana buƙatar danshi mai yawa. Bai kamata a bar ƙasa ta bushe ba, wannan zai rage yawan aiki sosai. Saboda haka, shayar akalla sau ɗaya a mako. Yawan shayarwa: kafin flowering – 2-3 lita ga kowane daji, a lokacin budding da tying na tubers – 3-5 lita. Zai fi kyau a shayar da shi a lokacin zafi da dare.
Hilling
Hanya na musamman wanda ke ba ka damar adana danshi, yana ƙarfafa samuwar tubers, yana kare kariya daga zafi, – tudu. Ana aiwatar da shi lokacin da ƙaramin daji ya girma zuwa 10-12 cm. Dole ne a gabaci tudu ta hanyar sassautawa, lalata ciyayi a cikin gadaje, Nan da nan bayan tudun, ana shayar da shuka.
Ana yin tudu na biyu lokacin da mai tushe ya kai 15-20 cm. A wannan yanayin, ƙasa dole ne ta kasance da kyau. Connoisseurs sun yi imanin cewa daidai wannan amfanin gona ya kamata a tara shi sau da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma a yada mafi girma don kada dogayen bushes su fadi, kuma akwai isasshen wuri don haɓaka tubers.
Taki
dankali a kalla sau uku a lokacin rani: bayan germination, lokacin budding, lokacin flowering da tying na tubers. Shuka yana buƙatar hadaddun abubuwan gina jiki, don haka ana buƙatar takin gargajiya da na inorganic.
Ana kara takin gargajiya zuwa rijiyoyin bayan tudu da ban ruwa: nitrate, urea, nitroammophos. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kafin sprouts ya bayyana, amfanin gona yana buƙatar ƙarin takin mai magani na nitrogen, kuma a cikin lokacin tuberization – takin potash. A cewar masu lambu, ciyar da taki kaji, wanda aka shirya da kansa ta amfani da wannan fasaha, yana da tasiri:
- An sanya taki bushe a cikin akwati, cike da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10 kuma an rufe shi sosai.
- bar ferment don kwanaki 3-4,
- don zubar da amfani da maganin da aka shirya daga lita 1 na laka da lita 10 na ruwa.
Taki tare da irin wannan shiri na gida ana aiwatar da shi ne kawai Bayan yawan shayarwa. Ga kowane shuka yana kashe har zuwa lita 1 na bayani.
Jiyya ga cututtuka da kwari
Daga cikin fa’idodin nau’in Aurora akwai rigakafi ga cututtukan dankalin turawa na yau da kullun kamar kansa da nematode na zinare. Har ila yau, amfanin gona yana da juriya ga buguwa.
Ba wai kawai magani yana da mahimmanci ba, har ma da rigakafin cututtuka, wanda ya ƙunshi lalacewa na lokaci na fi bayan girbi na baya, da pre-jiyya na tubers da kuma lokaci loosening na ƙasa. Don magance cututtuka (alternariosis, scab, baƙar fata kafafu, peronosporosis, mosaic), akwai da yawa hadaddun shirye-shirye, misali, Ridomil, Ditan, Kuprostat da sauransu. Waɗannan magungunan fungicides yakamata su kasance a saman aƙalla awanni 2-3. Idan ruwan sama ya yi, dole ne a maimaita maganin.
Don sarrafa kwari, yi amfani da hanyoyin injiniya (tattara dankalin turawa na Colorado), sarrafa gadaje tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na zamani (Bankol, Regent, Match).
ƙarshe
Ana yin girbi a lokacin bushewa, lokacin da saman ya bushe kuma ana iya cire tubers daga tushen lobe. Aurora yana mamaki da haihuwa: daga daji ɗaya za ta iya samun har zuwa kilogiram 3 na dankali.
Saboda halayensa, Aurora na Rasha ba shi da ƙasa da samfurin zaɓi na Jamus: nau’in dankalin turawa Gala. Kuma ga wasu alamomi, kuma mafi fin so don yanayin yanayin mu. Reviews na kayan lambu growers nuna su shahararsa a daban-daban yankuna na Rasha.
