A yau, ingancin samfuran da aka sayar a cikin shaguna da kasuwa yana da wuya a ƙayyade ba tare da bincike na musamman ba. Mutane da yawa suna tunanin kiwon dabbobi da kansu. Mafi alƙawarin da tattalin arziki ta fuskar kiwo da kiwo su ne aladu. Naman su ya zuwa yanzu an fi nema. Kitso aladu don manyan nama ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kuma yana buƙatar wasu ilimi da ƙwarewa daga manomi.
Ciyar da aladu a gida
Abubuwan da ke shafar kitso
m aladu a cikin gida suna farawa tare da nazarin yanayin tsarin tsarin narkewar su. Wannan ilimin zai ba da dama don ƙarin fahimtar ƙa’idodin cin abinci na mutane. Lokacin shirya kitsen aladu, yana da mahimmanci a la’akari da gaskiyar cewa waɗannan dabbobin su ne omnivores. Rushewar abinci ya riga ya faru a cikin rami na baki a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yau. Tare da shekaru, ciki na alade yana ƙaruwa zuwa lita 8. An rufe samansa na ciki da mucous membrane kuma an raba shi zuwa sassan 5. Ana kara sarrafa abinci a ciki.
A cikin farkon matakai na ci gaba a cikin piglets, aikin narkewa na ciki bai isa ba. Glandar ciki na ɓoye hydrochloric acid a cikin ƙananan adadi ko a’a. Lokacin rashin hydrochloric acid daga gland a cikin alade ana kiransa achlorhydia. Tare da tsufa, ciki yana ƙaruwa, sabili da haka gland yana ɓoye sirri da yawa. Lokacin watanni 7, ciki na alade zai iya narkar da abinci mai yawa.
Dangane da halaye na sama na ci gaban gastrointestinal fili a cikin matasa dabbobi, piglets suna ciyar da lokacin farin ciki abinci daga watanni 3 da haihuwa.
Saboda nau’in narkewar hanji, dabbobi na iya narkar da kowane irin abinci. Mafi mahimmanci shine ciyarwa, wanda baya buƙatar tsaka-tsaki na microflora. A cikin manyan kamfanoni na masana’antu, ana amfani da abubuwan tattarawa sau da yawa. Baya ga ciyarwa mai da hankali, ana shigar da aladu a cikin abincin:
- silage,
- tushen amfanin gona,
- sabo ne ganye: nettle, legumes, alfalfa,
- sharar gida daga masana’antar abinci da kiwo.
Fattening aladu don riba ana la’akari da mafi tattalin arziki. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran wakilan gonaki, aladu suna buƙatar abinci kaɗan. Yawancin nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan suna girma har zuwa kilogiram 100 a cikin wata guda, tare da raka’a 1 zuwa 5 da ake kashewa a kowace kilogiram 1 na nauyi, yayin da shanu suna buƙatar raka’a wutar lantarki 7 zuwa 12 don haɓakawa. ciyarwa.
Alade, kamar kowane dabbar noma, bisa ga bayanan samarwa na iya zama nau’ikan 3. Don haka, nau’ikan aladu masu kitso sun kasu zuwa:
Ciyar da aladu nama
Kitsen aladu shine mafi inganci a halin yanzu kuma ‘yan uwanmu suna amfani dashi akai-akai. Fattening na naman alade na aladu ya fara da daidai zabi na nau’in dabbobi. Naman naman sun hada da Duroc, Pietren, Hampshire, Temvors.
Alade suna fara naman sa a cikin watanni 3 kuma suna ci gaba har zuwa watanni 7-9 har sai alade ya sami nauyin kilo 100-130. A cikin wakilan nau’in nau’in nama, yawan nama ya bar 70%, Layer na mai a kan tudu – 4 cm.
A gida, yana da sauƙi don ci gaba da cin abinci da kanku. Akwai tebur na musamman na ka’idoji don ciyar da naman alade, mai naman alade.
Tushen abinci a lokacin rani shine abinci mai ɗanɗano kore. Kula da filin kyauta na iya rage farashin ciyarwa sosai. A cikin hunturu, an wadatar da abinci tare da tubers, silage da hay.Cin abinci na kitson aladu kuma ya haɗa da yisti, kowane nau’i na rigar bran mix, kayan burodi, kayan kiwo.
An zaɓi Piglets gabaɗaya don kitso naman alade. Wataƙila zai zama abu mafi wahala don ciyar da naman alade. Don wannan, an zaɓi haɓakar matasa na wata 2-3, wanda ya riga ya kai 25 kg. Sau da yawa sun fi son jinsin da ke da jiki mai tsayi, saboda ana samun samfurin ƙarshe daga tsakiyar gawa. Ciyarwa ta ƙunshi daidaitaccen sarrafa adadin furotin a cikin abinci: 130 g kowace kilogiram na nauyin jiki a farkon ciyarwa da 100 g a ƙarshen.
Piglets tare da nauyin jiki na kilogiram 90-100 ana aika zuwa gidan yanka. Idan nauyin nauyi ya yi sauri sosai, lokacin da a cikin watanni 5 alade ya riga ya yi nauyin kilo 90, naman alade zai zama ruwa. Irin wannan samfurin ba zai iya adanawa na dogon lokaci ba, akasin haka, tare da jinkirin karuwar taro har zuwa watanni 10, naman alade ya zama m, bushe kuma ya shimfiɗa kamar roba. A lokacin kitsen alade, an zaɓi naman alade a hankali. Bai dace ba:
- boars da aka jefa na tsawon wata uku.
- mazan da ba a san su ba,
- ciki da kuma lactating shuka.
Ciyar da aladun mai
Nau’in kitso aladu a cikin yanayin mai ya ƙunshi amfani da mutane da aka ƙi saboda dalilai daban-daban. Tare da wannan hanyar kitso, masu shayarwa suna da niyyar haɓaka ingancin mai, nama da mai. Yawan kitse a cikin gawa shine 50%, nama – aƙalla 40%. Mafi sau da yawa, ana sayar da irin waɗannan wakilai a cikin tsiran alade. Wannan shine mafi saurin ciyar da alade – yana ɗaukar watanni 2-3 kawai.
A cikin abinci, yawancin abinci ya kamata su kasance masu yawan carbohydrates da ƙananan furotin. Gabaɗaya, tsarin ya ƙunshi sau 2-3 ciyarwa tare da rigar tabarmi. Matsakaicin adadin yau da kullun a cikin nauyin jiki shine 800-900 g.
Halayen abinci
Fasaha don ciyar da aladu ta ƙunshi zabar abinci mai inganci. Ba za ku iya ciyar da aladun da suka fadi daga teburin ba, in ba haka ba ba zai yi aiki ba don cimma sakamakon da ake so. Ku sani cewa wasu samfurori na iya lalata ingancin naman. Wannan ya shafi sharar kifi. Wata daya kafin a yanka, ana cire su daga abincin, in ba haka ba naman zai sami takamaiman dandano da ƙanshi.
Kitso naman alade yana farawa ne tun yana ɗan watanni 3. Haka nan wajen kitso. Bayan kai nauyin kilogiram 25, ana canza aladu zuwa kitso: wannan fasaha ya ƙunshi wani tasiri mai mahimmanci na ƙwayar tsoka a mataki na farko saboda abinci mai gina jiki. Fat ya fara kitsen aladu da aka ƙi don dalilai daban-daban, daga kowane zamani. Lokacin ciyar da alade na Vietnamese, kusan wannan makirci ana amfani da shi kamar sauran wakilai. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa a cikin abincin naman alade, sunadaran ya kamata su yi rinjaye, amma don ciyar da man alade, yawancin abincin carbohydrate an gabatar da su a cikin abincin, yayin da adadin furotin, akasin haka, an rage .
Daga watanni 5 zuwa gaba, suna fara ciyar da alade tare da abinci mai gina jiki kuma suna ƙoƙarin iyakance aikin motarsa. Domin alade ya sami nauyi da sauri, abincin dole ne ya hada abinci, wadatar da bitamin da ma’adanai. Zai fi kyau a ba da suturar bitamin ruwa a lokacin lactation. Lokacin ciyar da mai, aladu suna samun nauyi da sauri, a zahiri a cikin watanni 2-3.
Ciyar da halaye na matasa maruƙa
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta ciyar da nama ta ƙunshi matakai da yawa. Lokacin da suka kai makonni 4, ana yaye alade daga mahaifiyar. Ana ci gaba da shayar da masu yaye gida na wata-wata da nonon saniya kuma a hankali ana shigar da masu gauraya rigar. Fasaha mai dacewa tana ba ku damar samun nama mai ɗanɗano tare da nau’ikan kitse iri ɗaya da kyakkyawan dandano na kayan nama.
Yawancin masu shayarwa masu novice suna mamakin yadda za a zaɓi alade don kitso lokacin da suke canzawa zuwa busassun abinci mai tattarawa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an zaɓi piglets na watanni 3, wanda ya kai 25 kg. A wannan shekarun, matasa sun riga sun kafa ciki, mutane zasu iya ciyar da kansu.
Abubuwan da ke cikin aladu don kitso ya ƙunshi manyan matakai guda biyu:
- saitin tsoka mai aiki,
- girma mai.
Don kitsen aladu don nama, kuna buƙatar zaɓar alade masu dacewa kuma ku motsa su zuwa wani ɗaki mai haske daban. Hakanan ana ware mafi raunin mutane daban, yaye yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. A wannan lokacin, jariran da ba a yaye su daga mahaifiyarsu ba na iya fuskantar damuwa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake yawan samun tabarbarewar sha’awa. Tushen abinci ga mafi yawan ɓangaren ya ƙunshi tsumman tsummoki da koren ciyawa.
Saboda ciki na aladu bai riga ya zama cikakke a cikin watanni 3 ba, fasahar ciyarwa ta ɗauka cewa ana bin abincin. Ana ciyar da Piglets har sau 6 a rana, a hankali rage yawan ciyarwa da gabatar da abinci mai bushewa tare da shekaru. Dama a wannan lokacin, saitin ƙwayar tsoka mai aiki yana farawa, don haka yana da mahimmanci don samar da alade tare da isasshen kewayo.
Kashi na karshe
Samar da alade wani yanki ne na noma mai riba. Zuciyar wakilan murjani a cikin aladu suna da mafi girman yawan aiki. Kiwon aladu a gida ya ƙunshi amfani da fasahar ciyarwa iri-iri. Hanya mafi inganci kuma akai-akai amfani da ita na ciyar da nama. Abinci na musamman zai iya inganta ingancin nama sosai.
A cikin tebur na ƙimar ciyarwa zaka iya samun adadin abincin da za a ba. Cin abinci mai inganci yana ba da damar saurin saitin ƙwayar tsoka da ma rarraba kitsen jiki. Abubuwan da ke cikin aladu a cikin ciyarwa mai aiki ya haɗa da nazarin narkewa da kuma samar da duk yanayin da ake bukata don zama mai dadi. Ciyar da yanayi mai kitse na iya farawa a kowane zamani.Don haɓaka ɗanɗanon kitse, yawancin abinci masu ƙarancin furotin suna shigar da su cikin abinci.
Kuna iya koyon yadda ake ciyar da alade da sauri daga bidiyon da ya ƙunshi duk kayan da ake bukata.
Dama kitso aladu ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. A yau ana la’akari da cewa hanya mafi kyau ita ce cin nama. Noman alade shine nau’in aikin noma mafi arha. Ba kamar sauran dabbobi ba, aladu suna buƙatar abinci kaɗan don samun nauyi da sauri. Ko da kafin da kuma bayan hotuna, ana iya lura da sakamako mai ban mamaki.
