Ta yaya zazzabin aladu na Afirka ke bayyana? –

Zazzabin aladu na Afirka cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta mai yawan mace-mace, mara lahani ga mutane. Synonyms: Cutar Montgomery, zazzabin Afirka, zazzabin alade na Afirka ta Kudu, ASF. Cutar sankara tana da haɗari sosai, tana yaduwa cikin sauri kuma tana haifar da asarar tattalin arziki mai girma. Alamomin asibiti suna da laushi, ƙididdigar dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya tabbatar da ganewar asali na ƙarshe. Dabbobin marasa lafiya ba su da magani a yau, suna ɗaukar matakan rigakafi don hana shi.

africa h aladu ma

A etiology na cutar

Menene cututtukan alade na Afirka da kuma yadda ake samar da shi. Dalilin wannan cuta shine kwayar cuta, kwayoyin halitta wanda ke kunshe a cikin DNA, daga dangin Asfaviride, asalin Asphivirus.

• ya tsira daga pH na raka’a 2 zuwa 13 (a cikin yanayin acidic da alkaline),
• a cikin pickles da kyafaffen nama suna aiki har tsawon makonni ko ma watanni,
• a zazzabi na 5 ° C, yana rayuwa har tsawon shekaru 7.
• a zazzabi na 18-20 ° C – watanni 18;
• a zazzabi na 37 ° C – 30 days;
• a lokacin pasteurization a zazzabi na 60 ° C yana tsira minti 10,
• yana zaune a cikin gawawwakin alade daga kwanaki 17 zuwa makonni 10,
• a cikin feces – kwanaki 160, a cikin fitsari – har zuwa kwanaki 60;
• a cikin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin damuwa na lokacin rani-kaka, ana iya adana shi har zuwa kwanaki 112, a cikin hunturu da bazara – har zuwa kwanaki 200.

Saboda tsananin juriyar cutar, zazzabin aladu na Afirka da kuma abin da ke haifar da cutar ana iya jigilar su zuwa nesa mai nisa. Ana iya lalata shi kawai ta hanyar kona gawar alade tare da allurai masu yawa na ƙwayoyin cuta (lemun tsami, formaldehyde, da sauransu). Bugu da kari, kwayar cutar tana da matukar hadari, ko da kananan allurai na iya haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani.

epidemiology

An rubuta bullar cutar ta farko a farkon karni na 70 a Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta yadu. zuwa Portugal, Spain, da sauran kasashen kudancin Turai. A cikin 80-2007s, Pathology aka rajista a Kudancin da Arewacin Amirka, da Tarayyar Soviet. Yanzu cutar ta zama babbar barazana, domin da kyar ake kiwon aladu a Afirka, adadinsu yana raguwa a Turai da Amurka, an samu bullar cutar a Jojiya a shekara ta 2015, a Ukraine a shekarar 2008, an kuma samu rahoton bullar cutar a Afirka akai-akai a kasashen Turai. wani ɓangare na Rasha tun XNUMX, kamar yadda sabis na dabbobi ya ruwaito.

Tushen cututtukan cututtuka shine aladu marasa lafiya da masu ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta. Ko da dabbar ta warke, ta ci gaba da ɓoye ƙwayoyin cuta har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa, sabili da haka, a cikin mayar da hankali ga epizootics, dukan jama’a sun lalace. Halin dabi’a shine nau’in aladu na Afirka, musamman na daji. A cikinsu, kamuwa da cuta yana tasowa a cikin latent kuma na yau da kullun, da wuya a cikin wani m. Alade na cikin gida sun fi kamuwa da kwayar cutar, musamman nau’in na Turai. Hatta a cikin kwarin daji a Turai, mace-mace tana daidai da na cikin gida.

Cutar zazzabin aladu na Afirka ana yada ta iska da abinci. Babban abubuwa da abubuwan da aladu ke kamuwa da ita sune ruwa da abinci (musamman abincin da ke amfani da naman dabbobi), kayan kulawa da kuma datti masu kamuwa da cuta. Ana iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar tufafi da takalma na mutanen da ke kula da aladu marasa lafiya. Sau da yawa, ƙwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin jini ta hanyar kaska, wanda shine tafki na halitta. Kuda da sauran kwari masu shan jini na iya yada cutar. Sau da yawa, tsuntsayen gida da rodents suna rarraba da inji ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta.

Pathogenesis na cutar

Rashin lafiyar aladu na gida zuwa ƙwayar cuta yana da yawa, saboda cutar tana da haɗari sosai.Magungunan ƙwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar mucous membranes da fata, har ma da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, wani lokaci ya shiga cikin jini lokacin da kwari ya ciji . Daga wurin shigarwa, kwayar cutar ta shiga cikin sel na tsarin rigakafi (macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes), da kuma kwayoyin endothelial na jini. A cikin waɗannan sifofin, ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka.

Bayan haifuwa, kwayar cutar ta bar sel ta lalata su. A cikin tasoshin da ƙwayoyin lymph, foci na necrosis yana faruwa. Ƙunƙarar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. A cikin gabobin da yawa, ana samun nodes na limfou da aka anesthetize. Saboda lalacewa ga tsarin rigakafi, ikon alade don karewa da tsayayya da wasu cututtuka yana raguwa sosai. Alamun annoba na Afirka suna bayyana da sauri kuma suna haifar da mutuwar dabbar.

Asibitin annoba na Afirka

Lokacin shiryawa yana daga kwanaki 5 zuwa 10. Kwayar alade Cutar annoba ta Afirka na iya nunawa a cikin nau’i uku: fulminant, m da na kullum. A cikin akwati na farko, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 2-3 kuma a cikin 100% ya ƙare a mutuwa. Alamun farko da alamun annoba na Afirka a cikin aladu a cikin irin waɗannan lokuta ba su da lokacin haɓakawa. Manomi zai iya samun garke cikin koshin lafiya da daddare, ya mutu da safe.

A cikin akwati na biyu, bayyanar cututtuka sun fi bayyana.

Akwai irin waɗannan alamun zazzabin aladu na Afirka:

• zazzabi har zuwa 40-42 ° C;
• tari, alade ya fara shakewa.
• amai da jini kadan.
• kafafun baya sun shanye.
• maƙarƙashiya, rashin yawan zawo na jini,
• wani ruwa mai haske, mai purulent ko na jini yana fitowa daga hanci da kuma ocellus,
• a kan kwatangwalo daga ciki, kusa da kunnuwa, a kan ciki, ana iya ganin tabo masu launin shuɗi waɗanda ba sa haske lokacin dannawa.
• bruises ana iya gani akan conjunctiva, palate, harshe,
• Pustules da purulent raunuka na iya bayyana a wasu wurare.

Alade mara lafiya yana ƙoƙari ya ɓoye a kusurwar nisa na sito, ya kwanta a gefensa, bai tashi ba, wutsiyarsa tana juyawa sama. Shuka masu ciki suna rasa alade idan sun kamu da cutar. Kwanaki 1-3 kafin mutuwa, yawan zafin jiki a cikin dabbobi yana raguwa.

Zazzaɓin aladu na Afirka a cikin nau’ikan asymptomatic na yau da kullun yana da wuya kuma mai laushi. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen sun fi kama da nau’in daji a cikin yanayin yanayin cutar. Ba a bayyana hoton asibiti ba, dabbobi da wannan hanya ta ilimin cututtuka a hankali suna raunana, suna fama da maƙarƙashiya, suna da ƙananan alamun mashako. Wani lokaci ana samun zubar jini ko tabo a kan fata da kuma mucosa. Cutar cututtuka na iya ƙarewa a farfadowa, amma kwayar cutar ta ci gaba a cikin jini, aladu suna ci gaba da ɗaukar shi har abada. Lokacin da aka sami alamun bayyanar cututtuka na tsawon lokaci a cikin aladu, ganewar asibiti ya zama dole.

Pathological da bincike canje-canje

Idan kun yi zargin ASF, ya kamata ku gudanar da zaɓaɓɓen gwajin jikin. Canje-canje na pathological da alamun tarihi na annoba ta Afirka sune kamar haka:

• Fatar cikin ciki, ƙarƙashin kirji, bayan kunnuwa, akan cinyoyin ciki akwai ja ko shuɗi.
• Baki, hanci, bututun iska cike da kumfa hoda.
• Kwayoyin lymph suna girma sosai, hoton da aka yanke shi ne marmara, ana ganin zubar jini da yawa, wani lokacin kumburi yana kama da hematoma mai ci gaba tare da ƙwanƙwasa baki.
• Safa yana da girma, tare da zubar da jini da yawa, facin necrosis.
• Hakanan ana haɓaka kodan tare da zub da jini zuwa cikin parenchyma da cikin bangon ƙaƙƙarfan ƙashin ƙugu na koda.
• Huhu suna cike da jini, na launin toka mai launin ja, akwai raunuka da yawa a cikin parenchyma, akwai alamun ciwon huhu, igiyoyin fibrous (alamomin kumburin fibrotic) ana samun su tsakanin alveoli.
• Hanta yana cike da jini, yana da girma sosai, launin toka tare da yumbu mai laushi, rashin daidaituwa.
• Mucosa na hanji da ciki sun kumbura, an bayyana zubar jini a cikinsu.
• A cikin cututtuka na kullum, mashako yana samuwa a bangarorin biyu, ƙananan ƙwayoyin lymph a cikin huhu.
• Tare da canje-canje masu gani kawai a cikin nodes na lymph, suna da alamar marmara.

Zazzabin aladu na Afirka yana da alamun kama da annoba ta yau da kullun na irin wannan nau’in dabba.Don bambance tsakanin cututtuka 2, binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje ya zama tilas. Ana amfani da hanyar PCR, antibodies mai kyalli, hemadsorption. Hakanan ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen halittu, kayan daga dabbobi marasa lafiya ana gudanar da su zuwa aladu da aka yi wa alurar riga kafi da annoba ta yau da kullun. Idan sun nuna pathology, an tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Jiyya da rigakafi

Ba a ƙirƙira takamaiman magani, kamar maganin alurar riga kafi ba a yau. Ba a ma yarda a bi da aladu tare da magungunan alamun bayyanar cututtuka, saboda za su ci gaba da fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Rigakafin zazzabin aladu na Afirka a cikin aladu ya ƙunshi matakan bullowa da rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta daga wasu wurare.

Ayyuka a cikin fashewa

Idan aladu sun nuna alamar alamar yiwuwar ASF, duk garken yana ƙarƙashin lalacewa. Ana yin gwajin gwaji na farko don tabbatar da ganewar asali. Musamman a lokuta inda hoton asibiti bai bayyana ba. Matakan da aka ɗauka a wurin da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar sun ƙunshi abubuwa kamar haka:

• An sanya tsauraran matakan keɓe kan yadi da gonaki inda aka gano zazzabin aladu na Afirka.
• Dukan dabbobi suna mutuwa ba tare da jini ba. ta hanya.
• An kona dukkan gawarwakin, amma ba zai yiwu a cire su daga wurin keɓe ba.
• Yana da kyau a ƙone gawawwaki tare da salon salo da dakunan amfani.
• Har ila yau, lalacewa yana ƙarƙashin kaya, sharar abinci, kayan kwanciya, tufafi daga mutanen da ke kula da alade.
• Ana hada tokar da lemun tsami, sannan a binne shi zuwa zurfin da bai gaza mita daya ba.
• Dakunan da ba za a iya kona su ba sun lalace. Yi amfani da 3% caustic soda ko 2% formaldehyde.
• Ana aiwatar da matakan guda ɗaya a cikin duk gonakin alade waɗanda ke cikin nisan kilomita 25 na yankin da cutar ta shafa, suna kashe ko da aladu masu lafiya gabaɗaya.
• Yankunan suna aiwatar da lalata kaska da sauran kwari masu shan jini, rodents, dabbobin da ba a sani ba.
• Muddin keɓewar ya kasance (a matsakaicin kwanaki 40), samfuran dabbobi (ba lallai ba ne naman alade) ba za a iya fitar da su a siyar da su ba.
• Tsawon watanni 6 bayan barkewar cutar, an hana fitarwa da sayar da duk wani kayan amfanin gona na kayan lambu.
• Kada a tayar da aladu duk shekara a duk fadin yankin keɓe, duk wannan lokacin akwai haɗarin fashewa na biyu.

Ya kamata a gudanar da ayyuka na dabbobi, saboda wannan akwai wasu batutuwa na doka a Rasha da sauran ƙasashe. Irin waɗannan tsauraran dokoki da matakan kulawa suna ba da damar aƙalla dakatar da yaduwar cutar zuwa wasu yankuna. Abin takaici, suna haifar da babbar illa ga gidaje. Kasashe da yawa sun ɓullo da tsarin biyan diyya, amma baya ɗaukar duk hasara. Yadda abubuwan ke faruwa a cikin mayar da hankali kan kamuwa da cuta, zaku iya kallon bidiyon.