Dokokin shuka tumatir a cikin tsaba –

Shuka tumatir a cikin tsaba a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa zaɓi ne na madadin don shuka shuka, tunda ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a shuka seedlings ba.

Dokokin dasa tsaba na tumatir a cikin bude ƙasa

Hanyar ta ƙunshi kusan dukkanin matakai iri ɗaya. Bambanci shine cewa ana shuka tsaba nan da nan a wuri na dindindin.

Ana amfani da noman tsire-tsire na amfanin gona masu son zafi, gami da tumatir, a cikin waɗancan yankuna na ƙasar inda tsawon lokacin girma (wato, lokacin dumi), ƙasa da lokacin girma tumatir.

Fa’idodi da rashin amfani da hanyar

Idan kun dasa tsaba nan da nan a cikin bude ƙasa, zaku iya samun sakamako mai kyau.A gaskiya ma, hanyar noma ba tare da tsire-tsire ba yana da kyawawan halaye:

1. Tsire-tsire suna haɓaka tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi. Babu isasshen wuri a cikin kofin, don haka tushen ba su da ƙarfi sosai. Suna kuma da ganye mafi koshin lafiya.
2. A seedlings bayan na farko harbe sun dace da hasken ultraviolet.
3. Tumatir suna guje wa aiwatar da dasa shuki zuwa wuri na dindindin, don haka ba su ba da ƙarin yanayin damuwa ba.
4. Tare da irin wannan nau’in noma, shuka ba ya shafar ƙafar baki.
5. Tare da haske mai kyau, amfanin gona da sauri ya kama tsire-tsire da aka dasa.

Amfanin hanyar rashin iri sun haɗa da ƙarancin farashi, kamar kayan aiki (ba lallai ba ne don siyan kwantena don

Dasa ‘ya’yan tumatir a budadden kasa yana da illa:

1. Rashin germination: na iya faruwa saboda rashin kyau iri, sanyi, da zafi mai yawa.
2. Tsire-tsire da suka ɓace – Wannan matsalar tana faruwa lokacin da ba a kula da ita ba.

Rashin lahani na hanyar seedling shine cewa germination na tsaba a cikin filin koyaushe yana ƙasa da yanayin wucin gadi.Saboda haka, ya zama dole don ƙara yawan tsaba da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa kusan sau 2.

Tumatir sun fi son rana, wuri mara daftari. Mafi kyawun magabata a gare su sune legumes, kabeji na farko, kabewa, kabewa, da cucumbers. Zaka kuma iya dasa bayan albasa, marigayi kabeji.

Kar a shuka tumatir a yankin da aka shuka dankali, eggplants, barkono a da. Bayan haka, tsire-tsire suna shafar cututtuka iri ɗaya, abubuwan da ke haifar da abin da ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa har tsawon shekaru. Saboda wannan dalili, ba lallai ba ne don girma a wuri guda har zuwa shekaru 4. Dankali kuma mugun makwabci ne. Yana iya cutar da tumatir tare da latti. Kuma ga Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, ba zai zama da wahala a isa gare su ba.

Yadda ake shirya ƙasa

Zai fi kyau a shirya ƙasa a cikin kaka. Don yin wannan, bayan girbi, ana shigar da toka, taki ko takin. Suna haƙa ƙasa su bar ta a wannan hanya har zuwa bazara. A lokacin hunturu, an cika shi da abubuwa masu amfani. Makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki, ana sassauta ƙasa tare da rake kuma ana shayar da su sosai. Kuna iya rufe shi da filastik filastik, wannan zai taimaka zafi da sauri.

Idan ba za ku iya shirya gonar ba a gaba, za ku iya shuka tumatir a cikin ƙasa mai bude tare da tsaba a cikin ramukan da aka shirya. Ana yin su akan ciyawa kuma an cika su da ƙasa da aka saya ko ganye. Idan akwai ƙasa mai albarka a ƙarƙashin saman saman ƙasa, za ku iya cire shi kawai. Don dumi bene, Hakanan zaka iya rufe yankin tare da ramukan a cikin fim din.

Tsaba

Wajibi ne a zabi nau’in tumatir iri-iri wanda ya fi dacewa da hanyar girma seedlings. Mafi sau da yawa, ana shuka nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in girma, amma zaka iya zaɓar tumatir da suka girma zuwa matsakaicin tsayi.

Tun da tsire-tsire na tumatir suna girma a hankali kuma ba su da girma idan aka kwatanta da tsire-tsire, babban ma’auni na zabar iri-iri shine farkon sa da kuma abokantaka na yawan amfanin ƙasa. Bayan haka, ‘ya’yan itace da girbi za su faru a ƙarshen lokacin rani, farkon faɗuwa, lokacin da sanyi da sanyi mai tsawo da damina mai yiwuwa.

Yadda ake shirya tsaba

Dole ne a tattara tsaba da kuma taurare. Don yin wannan, ana jiƙa su na mintina 15 a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate. Don ƙarfafawa, kunsa shi a cikin zane a cikin yadudduka 3 kuma sanya shi a cikin firiji don kwanaki 1-2. Saka shi a cikin ɗakin da aka adana kayan lambu. Wannan hanya za ta hanzarta seedlings na gaba da girma amfanin gona.

tsaba suna buƙatar taurare kuma suyi girma

Ana iya dasa tsaba a bushe ko shuka. Don germination, an shimfiɗa su a kan rigar datti, gauze ko bandeji, an nannade su a cikin yadudduka 3. Bar a cikin wani wuri mai dumi (zazzabi 26-28 ° C). Tabbatar cewa masana’anta ba ta bushe ba. Lokacin da tsire-tsire ya bayyana, ƙwayar tumatir suna shirye.

Yana da kyau a shuka germinated tsaba a cikin ƙasa, wannan zai rage lokacin bayyanar seedlings.Ga yawancin lambu, ‘yan wasan da ba su da, saboda dalilai daban-daban, ikon shuka seedlings a gida, wannan ita ce kawai hanyar da za a samu. tsire-tsire tumatir ba tare da yin amfani da tsire-tsire da aka saya ba.

Shuka

Domin tsarin noman ya tafi lafiya, kana buƙatar sanin lokacin da za a dasa tumatir a cikin ƙasa mai bude tare da tsaba. Zai fi kyau a yi haka bayan barazanar sanyi ya wuce, bayan Mayu 14.

Don ko da shuka, ƙara 1: 5 ballast zuwa tsaba. A cikin ingancinsa yana amfani da humus, sawdust, ƙasa. Dole ne a gabatar da ƙarin iri kamar yadda 3% germination ba za a iya ba da tabbacin ba. Ana sanya tsaba 4-2 a cikin rijiyoyin. Nisa tsakanin su ya kamata ya zama kusan 3-2 cm. A nan gaba, harbe suna bakin ciki (lokacin da ganye 3-XNUMX suka bayyana). An yanke wanda ake buƙatar cirewa. Ba shi da daraja tono don kada ya lalata tushen tsarin ƙwayar cuta mafi ƙarfi.

Ana iya shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa ta hanyar kwance ko a cikin rijiyoyi, bayan dasawa ƙasa da ruwan dumi. Idan tsaba ba su lalata ba, za ku iya zuba wani bayani na potassium permanganate. Nisa tsakanin layuka ya kamata ya zama 60-70 cm, tsakanin ramuka – 30 cm. Zurfafa da 3-4 cm. Daga sama, an haɗa ƙasa da dabino. Kafin gaggawa, ba a aiwatar da ban ruwa. Bayan haka, harbe ba za su iya karya ta cikin ɓawon burodi ba.

An rufe gadaje bayan dasa shuki da fim. Ya kamata a cire shi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci don kauce wa mold a kan ƙasa. Idan zafin jiki ya wuce 18-20 ° C, tsire-tsire na iya fita, don haka ya kamata a cire fim din.

Cuidado

Tumatir dole ne ya haifar da kyawawan yanayi waɗanda zasu girma cikin lafiya da ƙarfi, wato:

• ban ruwa,
• weeding,
• sassauta ƙasa,
• horo,
• sutura.

Ban ruwa, sako da sako-sako

Watering ya kamata a yi kamar yadda ake bukata. Bayan kowane danshi na ƙasa (da kuma bayan ruwan sama) ya kamata a sassauta shi. Na farko harbe bayyana 12-25 kwanaki bayan shuka. A wannan lokacin, yawancin ciyawa suna girma a cikin gado, wanda dole ne a cire shi lokaci-lokaci tare da sassauta ƙasa na gaba. A lokaci guda, suna tayar da kara.

Horo

A iri-iri na shuka zai shafi samuwar

Tsarin samuwar ya dogara da nau’in iri-iri:

1. Iri-iri marasa iyaka – an kafa su akan tushe 1.
2. Ƙayyade iri: an kafa su a cikin mai tushe 2.
3. Superdeterminant iri: an kafa su ne bisa ga ci gaban daji, amma sau da yawa a cikin 3 mai tushe, tun da girman girma a cikin wannan nau’in inuwar dare yana iyakance.

Duk nau’ikan suna buƙatar cire ganyen da suka lalace ko masu launin rawaya a cikin tsarin samuwar.

taki

Farko hadi

Farkon taki na farko da aka samar a cikin kwanaki 2-3 bayan raguwa. Don ciyarwa, an shirya jiko na mullein: 2 cubes na abu ana ɗauka a kowace lita 20 na ruwa. Nace kwanaki 10-12. Taki diluted da ruwa a cikin rabo 1:10. A karkashin kowace shuka zuba 1 lita na kudi. Maimakon mullein, zaka iya ɗaukar zubar da kaza, amma sai a sake sake shi a cikin rabo 1:15.

Wasu lambu suna amfani da takin ma’adinai. Don yin wannan, shirya irin wannan bayani: 10 g na ruwa yana ba da 15 g na ammonium nitrate. Bayan yin ado na sama, ƙasa tana mulched.

Tufafin saman na biyu

Ana amfani da taki na biyu lokacin da ‘ya’yan itatuwa suka fara girma. Daga cikin sinadarai an yi amfani da superphosphate da potassium chloride. An yi amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na farko a cikin adadin 20 g da 1 sq. m., na biyu – 10 g da murabba’in kilomita 1. m. Ana fitar da su a cikin tsagi tare da zurfin 6-7 cm. Nisa daga tumatir ya kamata ya zama 20 cm. Dole ne a shayar da ƙasa yayin aikace-aikacen.

Annoba da cututtuka

dasa tumatir a cikin ƙasa tare da iri ya kamata a kula da lafiyar shuka. Yana da sauƙi a koyaushe don hana cututtuka fiye da magance su. Saboda haka, don wannan dalili, za ku iya amfani da tafarnuwa-infused tumatir fesa. An shirya shi kamar haka:

• sha 1.5-2 tbsp. yankakken tafarnuwa,
• zuba ruwan zafi (ba za a iya amfani da ruwan tafasasshen ruwa ba),
• ƙara dan kadan potassium permanganate,
• kawo ƙarar samfurin tare da ruwan dumi zuwa 10 l,
• Mix, tace (babu bukatar nace).

Don mafi kyawun mannewa, zaku iya ƙara sabulu na ruwa.

Ana samun sauƙin yaduwar cutar ta hanyar shuka mai kauri, don haka yakamata a guji hakan. Ciki ƙasa kuma zai kasance da amfani ga lafiyar tumatir.

Don hana kamuwa da cuta a makara, kuna buƙatar shuka nau’ikan da suka balaga da wuri waɗanda za su samar da amfanin gona kafin farkon cutar. Don maganin cututtukan marigayi, ana fesa tumatir tare da 1% ruwa Bordeaux ko maganin jan karfe sulfate – 40-50 g da lita 10 na ruwa. Ana yin jiyya 2-3 a lokacin girma.

ƙarshe

Yana yiwuwa a yi noman tumatir mai kyau ta amfani da hanyar shukar fili. Rashin tsire-tsire bai kamata ya hana mai lambu sha’awar shuka tumatir ba.

Dole ne kawai ku yi la’akari da yanayin yankin ku kuma zaɓi nau’in da ya dace. Kula da duk ka’idodin noma tare da girma seedlings, zaku iya cimma sakamako mai girma.