Halayen manyan tumatir –

Lokacin da mai lambu yana da babban filin ƙasa, babbar matsalar ita ce: wane amfanin gona mai girma ya fi kyau shuka? Tumatir tsire-tsire ne na tsari na Solanaceae wanda, saboda nau’ikan iri-iri, ya shahara musamman ga masu shuka kayan lambu. Ɗaya daga cikin wakilai masu haske na wannan al’ada za su kasance tsofaffin tumatir. Ya bambanta da sauran don kamanni da dandano.

Halayen tumatir na Manyan iri-iri

Babban fasali

Bayanin hukuma ya ce wannan nau’in ya kasance kwanan nan a cikin Rasha. Bayan girbi, nan da nan an haɗa shi cikin jerin ‘mai inganci’. Saboda haka, a cikin sunan waɗannan tumatir za ku iya ganin ƙaramin prefix ‘f1’.

Masu shayarwa sun sami nasarar samun nau’in nau’in nau’in da ba a bayyana ba wanda ya dace da noma a yankuna daban-daban na yanayi. Sharadi kawai shi ne cewa a yankunan arewa – ya kamata a shuka tumatir a cikin greenhouse, kuma a yankunan tsakiya da kudancin ya kamata a dasa su a fili.

Bayanin iri-iri

Tumatir Major f1 wani nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in ruwan hoda ne wanda ke da girma sosai.

Itacen yana da nau’i marar iyaka, don haka ba shi da iyakacin girma. Dangane da adadin balaga, an rarraba shi a matsayin ‘matsakaici da wuri’, daga lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa har sai tumatir na farko ya fara bayyana, yana ɗaukar watanni 3 zuwa 3,5. Ana ba da shawarar shuka iri-iri a cikin greenhouse. A cewar masana, shuka yana da kyau jure cututtuka.

Bayanin daji

A cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, shuka yana girma zuwa ƙananan 150 cm, amma tun da yake “greenhouse” iri-iri ne, to, tsayin tumatir a cikin greenhouse ya dan kadan. Amma mafi mahimmanci, yana da girma kuma ba daidai ba. Shishrub yana da ɗimbin koren taro mai yawa tare da cikakken koren ganye. A lokacin girma, ana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa a cikin hanyar garter don tallafi.

Bayanin ‘ya’yan itace

Halin bambancin da babban tumatir ya samu daga masu halitta yana ba da mamaki har ma da ƙwararrun lambu waɗanda suka riga sun girma wannan amfanin gona na dogon lokaci.Wannan nau’in ya shahara ga ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu dadi, wanda:

1. Suna da siffa mai zagaye, an ɗan yi musu ribbed da siririyar fata amma mai yawa.
2. Idan kun girbe a cikin yanayin ‘balagaggen fasaha’ to yana jure wa ajiya na dogon lokaci da jigilar kaya na gaba da kyau.
3. Da farko, ‘ya’yan itacen suna cike da emerald, amma a cikin aiwatar da girma yana canza launinsa zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske ko rasberi.
4. Tumatir suna da matsakaici, nauyin 200 zuwa 300 grams.
5. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 6% busassun kwayoyin halitta da ɗakuna 5-6.
6. Itacen itace yana da ɗanɗano, nama da ƙamshi, tare da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da tsami.
7. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani da yawa, da kuma sucrose, wanda ke sa su ba kawai masu gina jiki ba, har ma da lafiya.
8. Babban Yana yana da matsakaici amma tsayayye aiki. Tare da tsarin shuka da ya dace da kulawa mai kyau, ana samun kilogiram 8-12 na tumatir daga murabba’in murabba’in mita ɗaya.

Wannan iri-iri galibi salad ne, amma saboda ƙarancin abun ciki na busasshen sa, ana amfani da shi sosai don samar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace mai daɗi. Ban da wannan kuma ana iya sanya ‘Major’ gishiri a cikin ganga, amma bai dace da ‘ya’yan itacen gwangwani ba saboda. girmansa . Ɗaya daga cikin manyan halaye shine cewa waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da kyau ga abincin da ake ci. Likitoci kuma suna ba da shawarar waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwa don amfani da mutanen da ke cikin lokacin dawowa bayan rashin lafiya.

Halayen girma

Shuka yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau

Wannan shi ne tsakiyar-zuwa-farko iri-iri, don haka farkon dasa ya faɗi a cikin shekaru goma na farko na Maris. Don samun girbi mai kyau, mai shuka yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali gaba ɗaya, saboda shuka yana buƙatar shayarwa mai kyau da ƙarin taki.

Shirye-shiryen iri da dasa shuki

Wannan nau’in yana buƙatar ƙasa mai gina jiki mai kyau, don haka ana ƙara ƙasan lawn da sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata a cikin gonar lambu: humus, superphosphates, ash. Kafin shuka tsaba, ana lalata su a cikin takamaiman bayani, azaman zaɓi yana iya zama ruwan ‘ya’yan itace ja. Don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, yi ƙananan abubuwan da ba su wuce 2 cm ba, wanda aka zuba tsaba a ciki, bayan haka kuna buƙatar shayar da ƙasa da kyau kuma ku rufe akwati da filastik filastik.

Kulawar sprout

Don shuka da sauri da sauri, wajibi ne don kula da yanayin zafi da haske. Lokacin da harbe na farko suka bayyana, tsire-tsire suna motsawa cikin haske. Idan rana ta kasance hadari, yi amfani da ƙarin haske, kawai a karkashin irin wannan yanayin tumatir zai ci gaba da nasara. Zazzabi a cikin dakin kada ya kasance ƙasa da 15-16 ° C.

Shuka tsire-tsire

Bayyanar ganye na farko alama ce ta farkon tsomawa. A lokacin wannan hanya, dasa harbe a cikin kwantena daban, ƙara hadaddun takin mai magani don girma da ban ruwa da ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin hardening yana da mahimmanci, tun da ‘yan makonni kafin shuka, ana kawo seedlings a cikin iska, da farko na rabin sa’a, sa’an nan kuma a ko’ina cikin yini. Bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, daji a cikin matakin girma ya kamata a kafa shi zuwa mai tushe guda biyu, ana aiwatar da wannan hanya ta hanyar pruning.

Da takin mai magani

‘Major’ iri-iri yana fahimtar kowane nau’in sutura da kyau, musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da potassium da phosphorus. A lokacin shuka, yana da kyau idan mai samarwa ya sarrafa rijiyoyin tare da ash itace ko superphosphate. Lokacin da lokacin aikin fruiting ya fara, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin gargajiya, kamar yadda ba su shafar halayen dandano.

Watse

Wani muhimmin batu a cikin noman wannan iri-iri zai zama ban ruwa. Dole ne masu noman kayan lambu da ke zaune a yankin kudanci su kula da wannan tsari, saboda wannan tsiri yana fama da fari. Sabili da haka, da farko, bayan shuka, ana bada shawara don shayar da laka 1 sau 2 a mako, tun lokacin da yawan ruwa ya karu yayin da yake girma.

Cututtuka da kwari

Daga cikin cututtukan da ake tsammani, babban tumatir yana cikin lokacin girma yana fuskantar fashe ‘ya’yan itacen da suka girma. Daga cikin kwari, wajibi ne a yi hankali game da bayyanar tablespoons. Duk da haka, bushes na iya kamuwa da wasu amfanin gona da ke girma a kusa, don guje wa wannan kuna buƙatar bin wasu matakan tsaro.

Rigakafin da magani

Don kada tsire-tsire ba su cutar da su ba, ya isa ya bi wasu dokoki masu sauƙi. Suna da sauƙi, amma tasiri isa:

1. Don kauce wa fasa, ya zama dole don shayar da shuka yadda ya kamata. Wani ma’auni na rigakafin wannan cuta shine aikace-aikacen takin mai tushe na nitrate.
2. Idan bushes sun buga kwallaye, to, yanke shawara mai kyau shine siyan miyagun ƙwayoyi Strela.
3. A kan sauran kwari, zaka iya amfani da ‘Confidor’ ko ‘Confidor Maxi.
4. Dole ne a kula da gidajen kore tare da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta kuma dole ne a shayar da su lokaci zuwa lokaci.

ƙarshe

Tumatir iri-iri ‘Major’ ya tabbatar da cewa yana da kyau sosai, don haka da yawa game da orodnikov suna ba da fifiko ga shi. Wannan al’ada tana da fa’ida a cikin nau’in ‘ya’yan itace masu kyau, albarkatu masu tsayi, da sauƙin kulawa.