Hydroponics yana ba ku damar cimma mafi kyawun sakamako yayin girma wani shuka. Kuma yayin da ra’ayin girma “cikakke” shuka yana da ma’anoni daban-daban ga mutane, hanyoyin hydroponic suna biyan bukatun kowa. Alal misali, an orchid m iya ayyana manufa shuka a matsayin wani sabon abu iri-iri, launi, ko fasali. Ga mai noman tumatur na kasuwanci, ana iya ƙayyade shukar da ta dace ta yawan girma, juriyar cuta, jin daɗi, da kuma tsawon rai.
An gabatar da babban bayanai na kayan lambu daban-daban da suka dace da noman hydroponic, da kuma shawarwarin noman su.
Duba cikakken jerin tsire-tsire
Bulbous shuke-shuke
Tsire-tsire na Bulbous suna aiki da kyau don girma cikin gida. Vermiculite shine matsakaicin matsakaici don tsire-tsire masu bulbous, saboda koyaushe yana kiyaye zafi mafi kyau kuma yana ƙunshe da isasshen danshi don barin shuka ba tare da kulawa ba a duk rana. Koyaya, don samun nasarar shuka tukunyar bulbous, shawarwarin da aka jera a ƙasa dole ne a bi su sosai.
Mataki na farko shine dasa kwararan fitila a cikin tukwane na capillary. Lokacin dasa shuki, kwan fitila hyacinth ya kamata ya kasance kawai rabin sama a cikin vermiculite. Duk kwararan fitila ya kamata a dasa su nan da nan bayan siyan, yayin da suke saurin yin laushi kuma suna fara ruɓewa. Samar da abinci mai gina jiki a cikin kwararan fitila tare da zafi na al’ada ya isa ga samuwar tushen. Koyaya, yakamata a guji yawan zafi kafin kwararan fitila su fara girma. Kafin dasa shuki kwararan fitila, vermiculite dole ne a dasa shi da kyau. A nan gaba, yayin da vermiculite ya bushe, ƙara ruwa a cikin ƙananan ƙananan.
Dabarar mai zuwa tana aiki da kyau a cikin aikina. Bayan dasa shuki, na sanya tukwane a cikin daki mai duhu ko kabad. Don samun iska, na bar ƙofofin a buɗe na ɗan lokaci. Idan zai yiwu, Ina kiyaye zafin jiki a kusan 13 °. Da zarar harbe ya kai tsayin 2,5 cm, Ina canja wurin tukwane zuwa wuri mafi duhu a cikin dakin, kamar yadda ya kamata a canza su a hankali a cikin hasken rana. Yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni uku don haɓaka tsarin tushen kuma samar da harbin kore mai tsayi 2,5 cm. Bayan mako guda ko kwanaki 10, ana iya canza tukwane a cikin cikakken haske kuma ana iya ciyar da tsire-tsire akai-akai tare da bayani mai gina jiki.
A cikin kwandon kullun, ana sanya kwararan fitila a nesa na 5 cm daga juna. Da zarar tsire-tsire sun bushe, babu buƙatar ajiye su a cikin tukwane sai dai idan kuna buƙatar shuka kwararan fitila na gaba na gaba. A cikin gida, hyacinths, tulips, daffodils, amaryllis, buttercups, tigrinum lilies, crocuses, freesias, gladioli, lilies na kwari da tuberose suna girma sosai a cikin tukwane tare da vermiculite.
Ganyayyaki masu yaji
Mint, Sage, thyme, tarragon – duk waɗannan tsire-tsire suna girma sosai a cikin yanayin hydroponic. Yawancin su suna samar da amfanin gona wanda ke ba da damar sauyi zuwa amfanin gona na masana’antu. Ƙasar mahaifar yawancin ganyen da ake amfani da su a zamaninmu yana kan bakin tekun Bahar Rum da kuma yankin gabashin Tekun Bahar Rum zuwa Indiya. Waɗannan ƙasashe ne masu yanayin zafi, don haka yakamata a dasa ganyaye a wurare masu zafi.
Mahimman tsire-tsire mai
Hydroponics, a fili, za su sami babban ci gaba a yankunan hamada na duniya, inda ƙasa ke da arha kuma ana gina tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi don kawar da ruwan teku. Yanayin yanayi na wasu sahara ya dace da magani da amfanin gona mai mahimmanci. Godiya ga mafi kyawun pH da daidaitattun hanyoyin samar da abinci mai gina jiki, ingancin mai yana inganta sosai. Sanannen abu ne cewa ingancin man da aka samu daga tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci irin su ruhun nana da lavender ya dogara sosai ga nau’in ƙasa da yanayin yanayi. Ta hanyar zaɓar mahaɗin abinci mai gina jiki a hankali da pH mafi kyau, zaku iya rinjayar ingancin mai mai mahimmanci. A cikin ayyukan noma na al’ada, kula da ciyawa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, wanda zai iya lalata ingantaccen ingancin mai na shuka da aka noma. Gadaje na hydroponic ba su da sako kuma ana iya yanke tsire-tsire kuma a bar su a wuri har sai an tura su zuwa shuka.
A wuraren da ba su da iska inda ake amfani da ruwa mai ionized don ban ruwa, ya kamata kuma a samar da iska daga ciyayi mai mahimmanci. Ya dace sosai ga Afirka ta Kudu da Kudu maso Yamma Leptospermum citratum – daya daga cikin nau’ikan daji na shayi daga Ostiraliya. Da zarar bushes sun kai tsayin mita 1,5, ana iya dasa su a kowace shekara kamar shingen kore na al’ada. Ana amfani da duk rassan da aka yanke don distilled da samun mai, wanda ake sayar da shi cikin sauƙi a cikin masana’antar sabulu. Abubuwan da ke cikin mai shine 1-1,5%, kuma man da kansa ya ƙunshi 75-85% citraldehydes wanda idan ya lalace ya ba da 50% citral da 35% citronellal.
Nau’o’in ruhun nana guda huɗu masu zuwa suna bunƙasa cikin yanayin hydroponic: Mentha piperite – mint, Mentha arvensis – mint, . spicata – mashi, M. pulegi – Mint. Ana amfani da man fetur mai mahimmanci na farko na irin waɗannan nau’o’in don shirye-shiryen kayan zaki na farko da barasa. Ana amfani da nau’in mai na biyu a cikin masana’antar harhada magunguna don shirye-shiryen gauraya da tari, don shirye-shiryen menthol. Nau’in man fetur na uku ya zama dole don samar da cingam, na hudu – don masana’antun magunguna. Gidan gado na al’ada na hydroponic yana samar da 450 g na mai mai mahimmanci, wanda yayi daidai da kilogiram 112 na mai a kowace hectare.
An kafa yiwuwar noman hydroponic: dill, coriander, Fennel, geranium, vetiver, goldenrod da yarrow, wanda kuma ya ba da mahimmancin mai.
Ana shuka amfanin gona mai mahimmanci ta hanyar bushewa. Ana kera pallets bulo ɗaya sama da ƙasa. Zurfin mahara yawanci akalla 30 cm. Kafin cika pallet da yashi da vermiculite, duba ingancin magudanar ruwa. Tsakuwa, dutse da sauran kayan ba su dace da shuka tsire-tsire masu mahimmanci ta hanyar busassun abinci ba.
tsire-tsire masu magani
Vermiculite yana bunƙasa akan tushen tsire-tsire, don haka hydroponics masana’antu na tsire-tsire masu tsiro na magani na iya samun riba. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa belladonna, ipecac, monkshood, ephedra, gentian, dandelion, ginger, theorize, da turmeric suna samar da albarkatu masu kyau a ƙarƙashin yanayin hydroponic. Ana amfani da Gentian azaman ɓangare na magunguna sau da yawa fiye da sauran tsire-tsire masu magani. Ana allurar jiko na tushen gentian a cikin tonics masu ɗaci. Yana girma sosai a cikin gadaje na hydroponic kuma yana samar da tushe mai inganci. Hakanan za’a iya faɗi ga webbed iatheoris, wanda ya samo asali daga Gabashin Afirka.
Tsire-tsire irin su datura, belladonna, da foxglove suna amfani da ganye. Ana samun Datura a matsayin ciyawa a yawancin sassan Afirka ta Kudu kuma, idan an noma shi, yana ba da kuɗin shiga mai kyau. Ana iya ba wa yankunan hamada lasisi a ƙarƙashin kulawa mai tsauri don shuka amfanin gona masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyi kamar opium. Yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace naúrar yanki na hydroponic yana da tsayi sosai kuma yana iya zama mai sarrafawa a cikin kansa.
Tsire-tsire waɗanda ake amfani da furanninsu a magani, irin su Roman da Dalmatian chamomile, suma suna yin kyau a yanayin hydroponic.
Tsarin abinci mai gina jiki da mafi kyawun pH yana ba ku damar samun tsire-tsire na magani waɗanda suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun su. Misali, tare da noman hydroponic na belladonna da sauran tsire-tsire na alkaloid, zai yiwu a haɓaka abun ciki na alkaloid da kashi 20% idan aka kwatanta da adadinsa a cikin tsire-tsire da ake girma a cikin ƙasa.
algae
A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, an tabbatar da cewa wasu algae na iya zama tushen abinci mai mahimmanci. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan algae ana kiransa chlorella. Noman hydroponic na iya girma a nan gaba a cikin hamada. Chlorella yana girma da sauri, yana samun nauyin nauyin 3000 a cikin kwanaki 2-3. Daga kadada 0,4, ana iya samun ton 40 zuwa 80 na samfur a kowace shekara. Chlorella ya ƙunshi bitamin da yawa fiye da orange kuma ya fi nama wadata a cikin furotin.
Ana iya fitar da sunadaran, mai, sukari, da bitamin daga ƙwayoyin chlorella don ƙarawa zuwa wasu abinci kamar burodi da margarine. Saboda haka, rashin abinci mai gina jiki zai iya zama abin da ya shuɗe har abada. Fat ɗin Chlorella na iya maye gurbin sauran man kayan lambu waɗanda ake amfani da su don yin sabulu, bushewar mai, fenti, da fenti. Ta hanyar haɓaka busasshiyar chlorella, ana samun samfuran sinadarai masu kama da waɗanda aka samu daga gawayi. Haɗin wannan algae yana samar da methane, wanda ake amfani dashi a matsayin mai don samar da iskar gas.
Litattafai
- Bentley M. Hidroponía masana’antu. – Moscú: Editorial Kolos, 1965 .– 819 p.
