Kabewa amfanin gona ne wanda zai fi dacewa ana shuka shi a yankuna masu dumi. Idan yanayin yanayin ya bambanta da waɗanda aka ba da shawarar, dole ne a dasa kayan lambu daidai. Don haka kabewa a cikin Urals za su yi girma da kyau kuma su kasance masu tsayayya ga cututtuka da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Siffofin noman kabewa a cikin Urals
Mafi kyawun iri
Kuna iya shuka pumpkins a kowane yanki, amma yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi kyau a gare su, inganci da alamun amfanin gona sun dogara da wannan. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau’ikan da aka yi niyya don dasa shuki a cikin Urals. Dole ne a siffanta shi da juriya ga sanyi. Yakamata a fifita amfanin gona na farko ta yadda zasu iya girma kafin lokacin sanyi ya fara.
Pearl
Wannan amfanin gona ne da ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin farkon balaga. Tsire-tsire yana ɗaukar kwanaki 100 kawai daga lokacin shuka. Halin nau’in lu’u-lu’u shine cewa yana iya jure wa ƙananan canje-canje a yanayin zafi da sauyin yanayi.
Suman wannan iri-iri yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Daga bushes 3 zaka iya tattara kimanin kilogiram 5 na kayan lambu. Kabewa mai siffar pear. Harsashi yana da bakin ciki. Itacen yana da ɗanɗano, yana da ɗanɗano. Nauyin kabewa yana da kusan kilogiram 6. Kamshin ɓangaren litattafan almara shine nutmeg. Wannan iri-iri yana da kyau don adana dogon lokaci a lokacin hunturu.
Bushe orange
Yana girma kwanaki 90 bayan dasa shuki a cikin buɗe ƙasa. Bushes suna da ɗanɗano kuma ba a saka su ba. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da siffar zagaye kuma suna da launin ruwan lemo mai arziƙi. Nauyin ‘ya’yan itace – 5 kg. Itacen itace mai dadi, mai taushi. Ya ƙunshi babban adadin carotene, wanda ke da amfani ga ɗan adam.
Orange Bush Squash shine farkon iri-iri. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna girma kuma suna shirye don amfani a ranar 60th bayan shuka. Kabewa yana da siffar mai zagaye, dan kadan mai laushi. Daga daji na kabewa zaka iya tattara kimanin kilogiram 15 na ‘ya’yan itace. Bangaran yana da ɗimbin launi na zinare, haka ma kumfa, yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi kuma yana ɗan ɗanɗano.
Ƙasar
Wannan shine nau’in girma mafi sauri wanda za’a iya girma kawai a cikin Urals. Tsire-tsire yana ɗaukar kwanaki 50 ne kawai daga lokacin shuka a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Bayyanar da ba a saba gani ba na wannan iri-iri yana jan hankalin manoma. Layin ƙasa shine harsashi yana da launin kore mai zurfi, amma yana da ratsi rawaya (zinariya a rana).
Matsakaicin nauyin ‘ya’yan itacen da ya cika shine kusan kilogiram 6. Ana tattara kusan kilogiram 15 na kayan lambu daga kowane daji.
Mai dadi
Wannan al’ada ce da ke da juriya har ma da sanyi mai tsanani. Matures a ranar 75. A bushes ne manyan. Siffar kabewa zagaye ne. Ƙarƙashin launi na zinariya ne mai daɗi. Itacen itace mai dadi, mai dadi.
Nauyin ‘ya’yan itace ya kai matsakaicin kilogiram 2. Akwai korayen ratsi a kan kurar da ke raba kabewa zuwa sassa.
Yanayin girma
Ayyukan shuke-shuke
ya dogara da kulawar da ta dace. Idan kana son kabewa yayi girma ba kawai don samun dandano mai dadi ba, amma har ma don samun kyakkyawan bayyanar, kana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayin ingancinsa.
Dole ne ku bi ka’idodin jujjuya amfanin gona. Ba za ku iya dasa kabewa a wuri ɗaya koyaushe ba. Zai fi kyau a huta tsawon shekaru da yawa. Sannan ƙasa tana da lokacin dawowa. Gwada dasa amfanin gona na kabewa kawai bayan legumes, don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Yana da mahimmanci don samar da amfanin gona na kabewa tare da hasken al’ada. Ƙananan hasken rana yana faɗowa akan ovary, ƙaramin adadinsa zai yi girma. Rashin hasken wuta yana haifar da bayyanar kwari da za su iya lalata gonar lambu gaba daya.
Don amfanin gona na kabewa a cikin Urals, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wurare masu haske waɗanda ke da kariya daga zane. Fi son wuraren da ke kusa da gine-gine.
Seedling namo
A mafi yawan lokuta, ana yin shuka ta hanyoyi biyu:
- amfani da seedlings girma a gaba,
- shuka iri a cikin bude ƙasa.
Don shuka kabewa a cikin Urals, kuna buƙatar amfani da hanyar farko. Don haka, yana kare amfanin gona daga sanyi kuma yana ƙara yawan aiki sosai. Amma ya kamata ku yi la’akari da hanyoyi guda biyu domin halayen su ya bayyana.
Shuka
Dasa kabewa a cikin bude ƙasa a cikin Urals yana da kyau a farkon watan Mayu. Idan an dasa tsaba a cikin greenhouse don samun seedlings, ana yin shuka ne makonni 2 a baya. Kafin wannan, ana buƙatar shirya kayan shuka da kyau. Ba wai kawai jurewarsa ga kwari da cututtuka ba, har ma ingancin seedlings ya dogara da wannan.
Da farko an zaɓi kayan shuka mai dacewa. Don yin wannan, sanya tsaba a cikin akwati da aka cika da ruwa. Bar su a can na ‘yan sa’o’i kadan, dole ne a jefar da tsaba da suka bayyana a saman, ba su da komai kuma ba za su yi girma ba.
Sauran tsaba ana sanya su a cikin maganin manganese na rabin sa’a. Bayan haka, ana fitar da su, a nannade su da gauze kuma a bar su a cikin baturi don bushewa da toho. Germination yawanci ana lura da shi bayan ‘yan kwanaki.
Tun da kabewa ba ya jure wa girbi, kana buƙatar zaɓar ƙarfin da ya dace don dasa shuki. Fi son zubarwa ko kofuna na peat.
Dole ne ƙasa ta kasance mai gina jiki da haske. Ana iya shirya shi a gida, ɗaukar 2 cubes na peat, 1 guga na sawdust (zai fi kyau a dauki wadanda suka riga sun lalace) da 1 guga na humus. Idan ba ka so ka shirya ƙasa da kanka, zaka iya saya a cikin shaguna na musamman.
Tsarin dashen iri ya ƙunshi waɗannan matakai:
- cika gilashin da ƙasa mai shirin rabin shiri,
- yi karamin rami a cikin ƙasa, a zahiri 2 cm. Saka tsaba a ciki,
- rufe kwandon dasa tare da fim din abinci don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse,
- Canja wurin kwantena zuwa wuri mai dumi tare da ƙarancin hasken rana. Wajibi ne don samar da kayan dasa shuki tare da mafi kyawun yanayi don seedlings. Zazzabi a lokacin rana ya zama 20-24 ° C, da dare – 13-17 ° C.
Kyawawan tsaba kawai sun dace da dasa shuki
Kada ka ƙyale raguwa mai kaifi ko ƙara yawan zafin jiki. Wannan yana da lahani ga seedlings. Tushen farko zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 3-4.
Seedling kula
Kulawa da kyau shine mafi mahimmancin tsari lokacin girma kabewa a cikin Urals. Dole ne ku fara cire fim ɗin daga gilashin da zaran fashewar farko ta bayyana. Bayan mako guda, sanya kwantena tare da tsire-tsire a cikin ɗakin da yawan zafin jiki ya kasance ƙasa da digiri. Ana yin haka ne don kada tsiron ya shimfiɗa.
In ba haka ba, za ku ƙara ƙara ƙasa kaɗan. Domin shuka ya yi girma da kyau, ya kamata a sanya gilashin a kan sigar taga mai haske. Ki rika shayar da shi akai-akai da ruwa kadan.
Bayan kwanaki 14 daga bayyanar farkon seedlings, ana buƙatar taki. Tufafin saman ya kamata ya ƙunshi abubuwan halitta ko ma’adinai. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine amfani da 50 MG na nitrophoska a kowace lita 5 na ruwa ko narke 200 g na mullein a cikin lita 2 na ruwa.
Matsar da tsire-tsire zuwa ƙasa
Seedlings da ke da girma mai kyau, A karshen watan Mayu, kuna buƙatar shuka a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin a cikin filin bude. Idan yanayin yanayi ba ya ƙyale tsarin ya faru a wannan lokacin (sanyi da canje-canje na zafin jiki ba zato ba tsammani), za ku iya jinkirta shi har tsawon makonni.
Seedlings da suka kai shekaru wata daya sun dace da dasawa a cikin bude ƙasa. A wannan lokaci, ganye da yawa sun riga sun samo asali akan su, kuma tsayin ya kai kusan 12 cm. Ya kamata a yi shuka a cikin yanayin girgije. Idan taga a bayyane, zaku iya wucewa da dare. Babban abu shi ne cewa hasken rana ba ya aiki.
Tsarin shuka – 120 x 120 cm.
Tsarin shi ne mai zuwa:
- kana bukatar ka yi karamin rami a cikin kasa, sannan a zuba humus da ash daidai gwargwado zuwa kasa, bayan haka cika abin da ke ciki da ruwan dumi, saiwoyi,
- Ku tsaya shi tsaye a cikin ramin, ku yayyafa ƙasa da ƙarfi.
- Bayan waɗannan hanyoyin yana da wuya a murkushe seedlings – humus ya dace don waɗannan dalilai,
- bayan shredding, rufe gadaje tare da fim.
Kula da kabewa a cikin bude ƙasa
Kula da kabewa a cikin Urals ba shi da wahala kamar yadda yake sauti. Tsarin ya ƙunshi shayarwa na yau da kullun, suturar sama da daidaitaccen samuwar daji.
Idan kun aiwatar da duk waɗannan hanyoyin daidai, bisa ga manyan shawarwarin, ba zai zama da wahala a shuka kayan lambu masu inganci ba. Babban abu shine kula da yanayin shuka. Wasu hanyoyin kulawa na iya zama marasa ƙarfi ko rashin isa.
Watse
Ruwa da kabewa za a iya yi kawai da ruwan dumi
Yakamata a hada watering koyaushe tare da sassauta ƙasa da cire ciyawa. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin dole ne a aiwatar da su a hankali don kada su lalata tushen tsarin amfanin gona na kabewa. Shayar da kayan lambu tare da ruwan dumi na musamman.
Ka tuna cewa yin amfani da ruwan sanyi yana haifar da raguwa kuma yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan yanayin tushen.
Kuna buƙatar seedlings sosai a lokacin lokacin da aka kafa ovaries. Wannan zai ƙara yawan aiki. Aƙalla lita 30 na ruwa ya kamata a zuba a ƙarƙashin kowane daji, ba da kulawa ta musamman ga tushen. Yi ƙoƙarin shayar da amfanin gona don kada danshi ya shiga cikin ganyayyaki, in ba haka ba za su bushe a ƙarƙashin rinjayar rana.
Tsawon lokacin shayarwa shine kusan sati 1. Ka tuna cewa ba za ka iya rayayye ruwa da kabewa a lokacin da ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari an riga an kafa. Babban adadin danshi a cikin kayan lambu yana rage rayuwar rayuwar su. Sake ƙasa kuma cire ciyawa bayan kwanaki 3 bayan shayarwa. Wannan zai samar da isasshen iska don tushen.
Abincin
Tazarar tsakanin takin mai magani yakamata ya zama makonni 2. Tufafi akai-akai na iya haifar da mutuwar daji, ana yin gyaran fuska a buɗe ƙasa sau biyu:
- Lokacin da aka kafa ganye 5, kuna buƙatar sanya 15 g na nitrophoska a ƙarƙashin kowane daji,
- Bayan an kafa gashin ido, an zuba 20 g na nitrophoska a cikin 10 l na ruwa mai dumi. Ana zuba lita 1 na bayani a ƙarƙashin kowane daji.
Hakanan ana iya amfani da takin gargajiya don sutura. A ƙarƙashin kowane daji, zaku iya ƙara 100 g na ash itace ko lita 2 na maganin mullein (1 kg an diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa kuma nace na awa daya).
Ana amfani da taki ba kawai a ƙarƙashin tushen ba, amma a cikin ramuka na musamman a kusa da daji. Zurfinsa ya kamata ya zama kusan 10 cm. Ramukan ya kamata su kasance 20 cm daga shuka.
Lash samuwar da pollination
Samuwar gashin ido yana tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaban daji. Wannan yana taimakawa samuwar manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kuma saturates nama tare da dandano mai dadi. Idan kun girma kabewa a cikin Urals, kada ku bar fiye da ovaries 3 akan kowane daji.
Ya kamata ku samar da bushes a kan 2 mai tushe. Yawancin lokaci ana cire ovaries ta yadda 2 kawai ya rage kuma 1 kawai ya rage a gefe. Bayan ovaries bar 3 harbe. Dole ne a yanke sauran.
Idan yanayin yanayi bai ƙyale kwari suyi pollinate kabewa ba, dole ne a yi shi ta hanyar wucin gadi. Pollinate tsire-tsire da safe. Don haka, furen namiji yana jingina da mace. Idan ba ku san yadda za ku bambanta namiji da furanni na mace ba, wannan yana da sauƙi a yi. Mata suna samar da ƙananan kwai kuma maza suna da ƙananan ƙafafu.
Cututtuka da kwari
Lokacin da manomi ya noman kabewa, dole ne ya sa ido akai-akai. Idan cututtuka ko cututtuka sun bayyana, dole ne a cire su cikin lokaci.
Idan jiyya da kwari ko cututtuka ya yi latti, za ku iya rasa ba kawai amfanin gona na kabewa ba, har ma da sauran tsire-tsire a gonar.
Maganin cutar
Lokaci-lokaci bincika shuka don alamun cututtuka
Mafi yawan cututtukan kabewa shine bacteriosis. An bayyana a cikin gaskiyar cewa launin ruwan kasa yana bayyana a kan cotyledons. Kabewa ya lalace kuma yawan aiki yana raguwa.
A matsayin ma’auni na rigakafin wannan cuta, yakamata a bi da tsaba kafin dasa shuki da zinc sulfate (2 g da 5 l na ruwa). Idan cutar ta shafi cotyledons, bi da bushes tare da ruwa Bordeaux (40 g da lita 7 na ruwa).
Sau da yawa akwai farar ruɓa a kan kabewa. Kuna iya ƙayyade kasancewarsa ta hanyar farantin fari akan bushes. Ana yin maganin wannan cuta ta hanyar datsa wuraren da abin ya shafa. Ana bi da wuraren hutu tare da jan karfe sulfate (30 g da lita 3 na ruwa).
Idan powdery mold ya bayyana (farin shafi a kan ganye, wanda ke haifar da rushewar su), wajibi ne a bi da shi tare da sulfur colloidal (20 g da lita 2 na ruwa). Lokacin da tushen rot ya bayyana, yakamata a fesa shi da Previscour (karanta umarnin a hankali).
Kula da kwaro
Mite gizo-gizo yana bayyana akan amfanin gonar kabewa. Don halakar da parasites, kuna buƙatar narkar da kilogiram 3 na kwasfa albasa a cikin lita 10 na ruwa kuma ku fesa shi.
Don kawar da aphids, kuna buƙatar bi da al’ada tare da Karbofos (100 g da 10 l na ruwa). Idan ba a yi haka ba, zai lalata shukar gaba daya. Wannan parasite yana ciyar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na daji, aikinsa yana kaiwa ga bushewar ganye da mai tushe.
Girbi
Lokacin girma pumpkins a cikin Urals, kuna buƙatar sanin wane lokaci don girbi.
Tsarin girbi na marigayi yana tare da adadi mai yawa na ruɓaɓɓen ko lalacewa. Wannan ba wai kawai yana rinjayar matakin amfanin gona ba, amma har ma yana rage rayuwar shiryayye.
Alamomin balaga
Akwai manyan alamomi da yawa waɗanda ke nuna bacin kayan lambu:
- yana yiwuwa a cire kabewa idan kara ya bushe.
- busassun ganye a kan bushes shima yana nuna balaga.
- fatar ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu girma suna da yawa kuma suna da ƙarfi.
Lokacin girbi, dole ne a yanke peduncle a hankali don kada ya lalata fata. An saba barin kusan 3 cm na kara a cikin kabewa.
Adana amfanin gona
Zai fi kyau adana kayan lambu a cikin ɗakuna masu sanyi (ƙasa, gareji, zubar). Ana buƙatar bin wasu ƙa’idodi.Ajiye kabewa a zazzabi na 5-15 ° C. Matsakaicin zafi shine 70%.
Lura cewa rayuwar rayuwar kabewa yana ƙaruwa idan akwai samun iska a cikin ɗakin.
Sai kawai amfanin gona da ba su dace da ajiya ba tare da lalacewa ba.In ba haka ba, akwai babban haɗari na lalacewa. Tabbatar cewa kabewa yana kan katako na katako ko karfe. Ba za a iya adana shi a cikin ƙasa mai ɗanɗano ba.
Za a iya shuka kabewa mai daɗi da inganci har ma a cikin Urals. Duk da yanayin sanyi da canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin zafi, koyaushe ana samun damar nuna girbi mai girma. Don wannan kawai kuna buƙatar samar da amfanin gona na kabewa tare da dasa shuki mai dacewa da tsarin kulawa.
