Kabewa zuma –

Kowane mazaunin bazara yana tsunduma cikin noman kabewa, saboda wannan al’ada yana da kaddarorin amfani na musamman kuma yana da kyakkyawan samfuri don dafa abinci mai daɗi.

Ruwan zuma kabewa

Kabewa zuma ta sami shahara sosai a tsakanin masu lambu saboda halaye da yawa: farkon balaga, dandanon zuma da ba a saba gani ba, da sauƙin girma.

Bayanin iri-iri

Halaye masu kyau sun haɗa da:

• dandano da kamshin zuma,
• ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari – 3-4 kg,
• unpretentious a tashi da noma,
• kyakkyawan ingancin adanawa da adana hoton kasuwanci,
• Daga cikin duk nau’ikan x da hybrids, yana da mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi daɗin ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Wannan amfanin gona yana da lahani guda biyu: kusan dukkanin nau’ikan suna girma mara kyau a rana, don haka suna bushewa, bushewa kuma suna daina ba da ‘ya’yan itace.

Batu na biyu: duk nau’ikan suna da dogon gashi don haka, idan sun girma, suna buƙatar sarari mai yawa akan rukunin yanar gizon.

Iri-iri

Godiya ga ƙoƙarin masu shayarwa, yawancin nau’ikan kabewa mai ban sha’awa na zuma sun bayyana.

Duk suna da kyalli. furta dandano na nutmeg, amma ya bambanta sosai a cikin bayyanar, siffar da halaye:

1. Jawo zuma. Itacen itace mai dadi, mai dadi, ana amfani dashi don shirya jita-jita daban-daban na dafuwa. Daya daga cikin nau’ikan da suka dace don ciyarwa da ciyar da jarirai. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna zagaye, ribbed, tare da kauri fata, suna auna daga 3 zuwa 6 kg.
2. Kyau zuma. Bayanin ya nuna cewa wannan shine mafi dadi iri-iri. Kabewa suna zagaye tare da furta lobes. Matsakaicin nauyi shine 5 kg. Ruwan lemo tare da alamun kore. Matasan farkon ripening tare da ‘ya’yan itace waɗanda suke ripens na kimanin kwanaki 90.
3. The Honey Orange kabewa yana da zaki da kuma m ɓangaren litattafan almara, ya dace da sabo amfani. Mafi girman nauyin ‘ya’yan itace shine 2 kg. Itacen ruwan lemo ne, mai sauƙin sarrafawa. Yana girma a cikin watanni 4. Iri-iri yana hawa, don haka yana buƙatar sarari mai yawa akan shafin.
4. Ganyen kabewa da zuma. Zagaye ‘ya’yan itatuwa, ashen inuwa mai kodadde ruwan hoda tabo. Matsakaicin nauyin kilogiram 3-3.5. Ƙarƙashin fata mai kauri ya ƙunshi ɓangaren litattafan almara mai launi mai haske. Jaririn yaji dadi sosai.
5. Labarin zuma. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari masu matsakaici: kimanin 3-4 kg. Cikakkun kabewa suna da launi na orange iri ɗaya. Fadin yana da dadi sosai.
6. Agusta zuma. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne m a cikin siffar pear. Fatar tana da duhu kore tare da haske koren aibobi. Ƙarƙashin fata mai kauri da santsi yana ɗauke da naman lemu, mai daɗi kuma mai ɗaci. ‘Ya’yan itatuwa na Honey Agusta iri-iri suna da wadata a cikin bitamin, ma’adanai kuma suna dauke da adadin carotene.
7. Kayan zaki na zuma. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari na sautin orange, mai zagaye, mai ɗanɗano kaɗan. Ruwan ruwa yana da dadi. A cikin yanki mai tushe akwai ƙananan baƙin ciki. Ya kai manyan masu girma dabam, daga 5 zuwa 10 kg.
8. Gimbiya zuma: kabewa orange mai haske tare da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Siffar yana zagaye, dan kadan mai laushi, nauyin ya bambanta daga 3 zuwa 10 kg. Wannan nau’in hawa ne wanda ke girma a cikin watanni 4-4.5.
9. Honey Tokyo f1. Matasan tsakiyar kakar tare da fata ash. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna zagaye ko m, dan kadan ribbed, yin la’akari 2.5-3.5 kg. Bakin ciki yana da matsakaicin yawa, rawaya. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa ya kai kilogiram 20 na kayan lambu waɗanda za a iya cire su daga shuka ɗaya. An tsara nau’in iri-iri don amfani da duniya a cikin dafa abinci.

Halayen girma

Kyakkyawan kulawa zai ba ku girbi mai yawa

Nasarar noman gourd na zuma ya dogara da ingancin kayan, dasa shuki mai kyau, da kula da gadaje na gourd.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Kabewa tsaba suna girma sosai har tsawon shekaru da yawa. Duk da haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da sabbin tsire-tsire don dasa shuki, wannan zai samar da girbi mai yawa, mai inganci.

Don nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan iri, ana siyan kayan iri a cikin shekarar da aka shirya shuka. Hakanan tsaba na bara sun dace da shuka.

Makullin ci gaba mai nasara shine zaɓin abu mai inganci wanda bai ƙunshi lalacewar inji ba, alamun mold, rawaya, da cuta.

Ana iya saukar da tsaba a cikin wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate na rabin sa’a. . Irin wannan suturar zai kashe duk microflora pathogenic.

Lokaci

Dangane da yankin girma, ana shuka tsaba a cikin tsire-tsire ko a cikin gado.

A tsakiya da kuma Hanyar seedling ana amfani da ita a tsakiyar tsiri, saboda kabewa ba shi da lokacin yin girma a cikin bushes a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani.

Ana shuka tsaba na zuma a cikin kwantena ko seedlings makonni 3 kafin dasa shuki a cikin gado.

Seedling namo

Tsire-tsire suna cike da kayan abinci mai gina jiki, ƙasan lambun da aka haɗe da ƙananan nau’ikan Orange da iri waɗanda ba sa jure wa tsarin dasawa. humus ko takin.

Ana dasa tsaba zuwa zurfin 0.5 cm, sannan an rufe shi da ƙasa, an murƙushe su kaɗan. Daga sama, ana shayar da amfanin gona tare da bindigar feshi kuma an rufe shi da wani abu mai haske – fim, gilashi.

A lokacin noma, tsire-tsire suna samun kwanciyar hankali a cikin kewayon 23-25 ​​°, matsanancin zafi – kusan 60% da iska na yau da kullun, ban ruwa daga bindigar fesa.

Idan duk abin da aka yi daidai, bayan kwanaki 14-20 tsaba za su saki farkon harbe. Sa’an nan kuma an cire tsari kuma ana shayar da tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci.

Ana yin dashen tsire-tsire kai tsaye tare da kwantena dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa lokacin da sanyin bazara ya wuce.

A cikin tsakiya da tsakiyar tsiri wannan lokacin yana tsakiyar ko ƙarshen Mayu, a kudu, a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu. A wannan lokacin, tsire-tsire za su saki ganye 3 kowanne, wanda shine abin da ake bukata don samun nasarar dasawa.

Dasa a waje

Dabarar dasa tsaba a cikin bude ƙasa abu ne mai sauƙi:

• Ana yin takin ƙasa tare da humus makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki – ta 1 km2. A yi bokitin taki, sannan a tono a daidaita.
• tono furrows ko ramuka a nesa na kusan 80-100 cm daga juna;
• Ana saukar da tsaba 1-2 a cikin kowane rami zuwa zurfin 6-8 cm, an zubar da ƙasa tare da ban ruwa daga yayyafa.

Abubuwan Kulawa

Ciyarwa da kyau tana shafar ‘ya’yan itace

Gourd na zuma yana son kulawa mai kyau da lokaci:

1. Ban ruwa. Danka ƙasa akai-akai a kusa da shrubs zai ba su girma mai girma, haɓaka, fure mai laushi, da ‘ya’yan itace masu inganci. Ana shayar da bushes yayin da ƙasa ta bushe, ba fiye da sau 2 a mako ba. A lokacin budding da samuwar ovarian, ya kamata a shayar da tsire-tsire akai-akai.
2. Bayan kowace shayarwa, ana sassauta saman ƙasa don hana samuwar ɓawon ƙasa a saman. Tare da sassautawa, ana cire ciyawa, ana shake shuka da kuma fitar da duk abubuwan gina jiki daga ciyayi masu amfani.
3. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya ƙara peat ciyawa zuwa tsakiyar yankin tushe, humus don ciyar da bushes da kuma hana su bushewa daga ƙasa.
4. Ba tare da sutura ba, ba za ku iya samun girbi mai kyau na pumpkins ba. Lokacin da ake shuka wannan amfanin gona a cikin ƙasa mai yashi mai yashi, yakamata a ƙara cakuda superphosphate, ash itace, humus. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin loam, ana ƙara cakuda potassium, superphosphate, ash itace, ammonium nitrate a kowane rami. Don 200 g na ash, ɗauki 20 g na phosphorus da 10 g na gishiri.
5. Samar da daji ana yin la’akari da yanayin yanayi: a cikin yankuna tare da yanayi mara kyau babu fiye da ovaries 2 da suka rage akan shuka ɗaya, a cikin yankuna na tsakiya da tsakiyar tsiri – ya isa ya bar 3-4. kabewa a kan lasha daya. A kudu, ba a samun horo ko kadan. Duk rassan da babu ovaries an cire su gaba ɗaya don kada su cire ƙarfi da abubuwan gina jiki daga harbe masu ‘ya’ya. A saman harbin, bar ovaries na ƙarshe na ‘ya’yan itace, ‘yan ganye kaɗan, kuma ku tsunkule wurin girma.

Cututtuka da kwari

Wannan amfanin gona ba shi da kyau a kiyaye shi kuma ana horar da shi ta hanyar mildew powdery, fusarium, mosaic.

Don hana kamuwa da cuta, bincika bushes akai-akai don alamun zafi, guje wa kauri da shuka, cire ganyen da ke hana tsire-tsire shiga rana.

Don dalilai na rigakafi, ana yayyafa bushes tare da toka na itace da nau’ikan marasa lafiya Suna bi da fungicides tare da jan karfe sulfate ko cakuda Bordeaux.

A cikin yaki da cututtuka irin su aphids, mites, caterpillars, yi amfani da jiko na tafarnuwa, maganin ash da sabulu ko jiko na barkono mai zafi.

Ana aiwatar da cututtuka da kwari wata guda kafin girbi, ana cire ciyayi masu kamuwa da cuta daga wurin kuma a kona su.

Tarawa da adanawa

Yana da wuya a iya hasashen adadin girbi na gourd zuma, duk ya dogara da ƙasa, yanayin yanayi da iri-iri. Amma idan kun bi duk dokoki don kulawa, ba shakka ba za ku kasance ba tare da kabewa ba.

Hanyoyin ajiya:

• a cikin cellar ko cellar,
• a cikin yanayin rayuwa a cikin gilashin baranda tare da zazzabi tsakanin 5-15 °,
• a cikin firiji (don guje wa yin famfo, ana nannade kabewa tare da fim din abinci ko greased da man kayan lambu),
• Kuna iya sanya ‘ya’yan itatuwa da aka daskare a cikin ɗakin daskarewa – a cikin daskararre ba su rasa dandano da halayen lafiya a cikin shekara.

Yayin ajiyar waje na wucin gadi, ya kamata a rufe kayan lambu da kwalta ko duk wani abu mara saƙa don ba da kariya daga zafin rana.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba su taɓa juna ba, in ba haka ba za su fara lalacewa da sauri a wurin haɗuwa.

Idan an yi nufin kayan lambu don amfani da sauri, an sanya shi a cikin dakin da zafin jiki, inda ya yi sauri da sauri kuma ya sami zaƙi mai mahimmanci.

ƙarshe

Kusan duk mazauna bazara sun sadaukar da kansu don haɓakar fl Oh al’ada suna barin ra’ayi mai kyau.

Girbin kabewa na zuma yana da matukar buƙata a tsakanin masu amfani da masana’antar dafa abinci saboda dandano mai daɗi da ingantaccen tsari.