Gidan zuma na Ivan-tea yana daya daga cikin wakilan gidan wuta, wanda ke ba da tarin pollen da zuma a cikin gandun daji. Wannan tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara yana fure a watan Yuli tare da sauran tsire-tsire na zuma a cikin ƙasar Rasha, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don samun zuma mai kasuwa.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Rarraba da iri
- 1.1 kunkuntar-leaves (ivan-shayi)
- 1.2 Koren fadama
- 1.3 Mountain
- 1.4 Gashi (mai gashi)
- 2 Agrotechnical
- 3 Yawan aikin zuma
- 4 Kaddarorin masu amfani
Rarraba da iri
An san shayin Ivan ga masana ilimin halittu a matsayin ciyawar ciyawa mai ganye. Itacen yana yin kyakkyawan shuka zuma tare da sauran danginsa.
Ana samun mafi girma a cikin ciyawar daji a yankin da ba baƙar fata ba. Anan, shayin willow yana girma da yawa a cikin inuwa da wurare masu laushi, a cikin bogi, gefuna na gandun daji. A wuraren da aka kone, ciyawa tana hayayyafa musamman cikin sauri, tana cika ƙasa mai albarka a cikin shekaru uku zuwa goma sha biyar, har sai an maye gurbinta da wasu tsire-tsire na daji masu ƙarfi kamar rasberi daji ko meadowsweet.
Ciwon wuta mai kunkuntar yana da matukar mahimmanci ga apiaries. Daga cikin dazuzzukan su, kudan zuma mazauna yankin suna ba da gudummawar zumar da za a iya siyar da su daga kilogiram 10 zuwa 14-15 a kowace rana, da kuma isasshen adadin pollen. Ana dasa shi musamman a yankunan da ke kusa da yankin.
Sauran nau’ikan ciyawa masu daraja ta fuskar tattara zuma:
kunkuntar-leaves (ivan-shayi)
Wannan tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara yana da tsayin tsayi mai ɗanɗano, an rufe shi da kunkuntar lanceolate madadin ganye. Inflorescences elongated da sako-sako da an tattara su a cikin babba a cikin nau’in goge-goge 10 zuwa 45 cm tsayi. Tsayin Ivan-tea shine mita 1 zuwa 1,5 (wani lokacin shuka ya kai ga ci gaban ɗan adam!).
Kowace fure tana da furanni masu ruwan hoda huɗu ko ruwan hoda. Nectar yana samuwa ga kowane nau’in kudan zuma, amma yana cikin zobe na jiki, wanda aka kare shi daga ruwan sama kai tsaye.
Na farko inflorescences Bloom a cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, farawa a karshen watan Yuni. Flowering yana da tsawo, har zuwa karshen watan Agusta, farkon shekaru goma na Satumba. Nectar yana fitowa sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu a lokacin flowering, kuma yayin da gogewa ya ɓace, ya zama ƙasa.
Koren fadama
Itacen zuma mai fadamar wuta kuma ita ce tsiro mai yaduwa a cikin Eurasia. Ana samunsa a cikin dazuzzuka da tundra, da wuya ana iya samunsa a yankin steppe.
Ciyawa ta fi son wuraren fadama da wuraren dazuzzuka masu fadama. Ya bambanta a cikin tsayayyen tushe, rassan rassan rassan rassan rassan, a saman. Matsakaicin tsayi har zuwa santimita 80.
Ganyen suna ƙanana, sabanin siffar lanceolate. Ana samun ƙananan furanni masu launin ruwan hoda ko farar fata a saman ɓangaren rassan da mai tushe.
Mountain
Dutsen fireweed shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara wanda ke tsiro a cikin ɓangarorin, gefen gandun daji, a cikin kurmin dajin Eurasian. Ana samunsa a kudancin Siberiya da Sakhalin. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, irin wannan nau’in ciyawa yana mamaye dashen al’adu a wuraren shakatawa da lambuna.
Matsakaicin tsayin lawn shine mita 1. Tushen yana tsaye, sau da yawa reshe a gindi. Ganyen suna kishiyar, m lanceolate. Tushen yana rufe da gashi.
An tattara ƙananan furanni masu ruwan hoda a cikin axils na manyan ganye. Tsarin chalice yana da siffar kararrawa.
Gashi (mai gashi)
Iri-iri masu gashi (mai gashi) na ciyawar wuta sun yaɗu a cikin Eurasia – ana samun su da yawa a cikin dazuzzuka masu ɗanɗano, ramuka, da bakin kogi. Wannan ganyen na shekara-shekara yana saurin kawar da tsire-tsire na asali, yana samar da kurmi mai yawa.
An bambanta shi da tsayi mai tsayi, madaidaiciya, mai rassa sosai, an rufe shi da yawan gashi. Tsayin shuka daga 50 cm zuwa mita 1,5.
Bar ba tare da petioles, akasin, lanceolate tare da serrated baki. Furannin ƙanana ne, launin shuɗi-ruwan hoda, ana sanya su ɗaya bayan ɗaya a cikin gaɓoɓin ganye na sama.
Agrotechnical
Fireweed zuma shuka, wanda aka musamman shuka a kusa da apiaries. Ana yin wannan duka ta tsaba da zuriyar da aka samo daga rhizomes masu rarrafe na shuka.
An zaɓi wuraren da ya dace don dasa shuki, yana iya zama m (tushen wuta da kyau a cikin ƙasa mai rikitarwa).
Ana ɗaukar ‘ya’yan daga tsire-tsire na uwa kuma a dasa su a cikin layuka.
Hanya ta biyu ita ce noman tsaba. Don wannan, ana shuka seedlings a cikin bazara. Ɗauki wani yanki na ƙasa peat, humus da yashin kogi mai kyau. Ana zuba cakuda a cikin akwatunan da aka sanya akan sills taga.
Ana shuka tsaba akan ƙasa mai yashi da aka haɗe, ana danna su da sauƙi a ƙasa. A madadin, zaku iya yayyafa da humus a saman tare da kauri na 0,3-0,5 cm.
A dakin da zazzabi, da seedlings bayyana a rana ta uku. Ana shayar da su akai-akai har sai ganye uku zuwa hudu ya bayyana. Sa’an nan kuma a dasa su cikin kwantena masu faɗi. Ana yin saukowa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a farkon bazara a cikin gajimare da yanayi mai laushi.
Yawan aikin zuma
Ana lura da matsakaicin sakin nectar a farkon rabin yini kuma tsananin furanni ya dogara kai tsaye akan zafin iska da danshi na ƙasa. Mafi kyawun alamomi: 50% zafi a +28 digiri Celsius.
Tsawon lokacin flowering yana ƙaddara ta hanyar ƙasa da yanayin yanayi. A matsakaici, wannan shine kwanaki 60 zuwa 70. Furen mai tsanani yana ɗaukar har zuwa makonni biyu.
Dukkan nau’ikan ciyawa ba su da tabbas dangane da yawan amfanin zuma; zai iya bambanta dangane da shekara. Ivan shayi shukar zuma ce, wacce ke kawo zuma mai nauyin kilogiram 300 zuwa 600 a lokacin girbi daga hecta daya na gonaki masu yawa. A cikin shekaru marasa kyau, tarin nectar ya ragu zuwa 20 ko ma 9 kilogiram a kowace hectare!
Ana iya ganin aikin ƙudan zuma akan ƙwayar wuta ta kodadde koren pollen (pollen) wanda ya bayyana a cikin amya.
zumar da aka ciro daga cikin zumar tana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, bayyananne mai kyau, ɗanɗano mai daɗi da ƙamshi mai ɗanɗano. A cikin tsari na crystallization, an kafa hatsi masu launin fari, wanda yayi kama da dusar ƙanƙara a siffar da tsari. Lokacin da zafi, zuma mai crystallized ta juya rawaya.
Kaddarorin masu amfani
Yana da wahala a sami zumar wuta a cikin nau’in monofloral akan kasuwa; a lokacin rani, sauran tsire-tsire na zuma suna girma sosai. Samfurin, wanda ke da nau’i mai kama da monocomponent, ana samun shi lokacin da apiaries ke motsawa.
Ana nuna zumar wuta a cikin magungunan jama’a:
- don lura da tsarin narkewa (yana da tasirin antispasmodic mai sauƙi);
- a matsayin wakili na anti-mai kumburi ga adenomas, kumburi na ureters;
- normalize lactation a cikin mata masu shayarwa;
- a matsayin maganin tonic da maganin sanyi.
Ana ba da shawarar shan shayi na ganye don rigakafin ciwon daji. Kyakkyawan ƙari a gare shi a cikin nau’i mai sanyi zai zama cokali 1-2 na zuma mai wuta. Iyakar abin da aka hana shi ne rashin haƙuri ga tsire-tsire ɗaya.
