Plank Bed na Fedor Lazutin –

An haɓaka ɗakin kwana na kudan zuma na Lazutin a cikin babban firam a yankin Kaluga. Fedor Lazutin yana cikin rukunin masu kiwon kudan zuma waɗanda ke ba da shawarar kula da ƙudan zuma na halitta. Wannan fasaha tana nuna ƙarancin shiga cikin rayuwar hita. Ya shahara da masu kiwon kudan zuma waɗanda, saboda dalilai daban-daban, ba za su iya ziyarta akai-akai ba ko kuma su zauna a gidan su.

Abun cikin labarin

• 1 Siffofin zane
  • 1.1 Iyakokin
  • 1.2 zažužžukan
• 2 Fasahar hawa
  • 2.1 Amfani da tebur
  • 2.2 Babban matakai na taro.
  • 2.3 Insulation shigarwa
  • 2.4 Rufi da rufin rufi
  • 2.5 raga da gindin ƙasa
  • 2.6 Bangare
  • 2.7 Ganuwar gefe
  • 2.8 Rear panel
  • 2.9 Gabatarwa
  • 2.10 Maganin tsari don firam
• 3 a karshe

Siffofin zane

Gabaɗaya, ra’ayin kiwon zuma a cikin abin da ake kira apiaries na muhalli ba sabon abu bane. Masu kiwon zuma da yawa sun koma gare ta. Hakanan ana iya faɗi game da hive ɗin da Fedor Lazutin ya gabatar.

Wannan ƙirar kujera ce ta shahararriyar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira, amma tana iya ɗaukar firam ɗin saƙar zuma 25 (wanda bai kai kujerar bene na yau da kullun ba).

Firam ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Wannan haɗin haɗin gwiwa ne ko “dogon Rasha” tare da ma’auni mai faɗi. Amma tsayin firam ɗin yana kusa da ɗakin kudan zuma na Ukrainian, sanye take da firam ɗin saƙar zuma kunkuntar da tsayin milimita 435. Amma a cikin gidajen kudan zuma na Lazutin, tsayin zai zama dan kadan mafi girma – 460 millimeters, wanda, a gaba ɗaya, kuma ba shi da mahimmanci.

Iyakokin

Babban hasara na irin wannan tsarin ana iya la’akari da matsalolin fasaha lokacin yin famfo zuma. Kwan zumar ba ta dace da madaidaicin cire zuma ba.

Wasu fitattun illolin sune:

• matsaloli wajen kiyaye yawan zafin jiki da ake buƙata a cikin nests a cikin bazara;
• dubawa masu rikitarwa – yana da wahala musamman don tsaftace ƙasa lokacin da dole ne ku cire firam ɗin;
• matalauta ginin saƙar zuma a kasan firam ɗin saƙar zuma, wanda ba shi da halayen ƙudan zuma koda lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin firam ɗin saƙar zuma tare da daidaitaccen 435 ta 300 millimeters;
• m saƙar zuma a cikin hunturu;
• da bukatar yin amfani da thicker tube ga Frames, wanda tabbatar da abin dogara fastening na saƙar zuma (wannan drawback ne mafi m, amma har yanzu bukatar da hankali na beekeeper).

zažužžukan

Falo yana sanye da wani babban fili na ƙasa (gida). Don lokacin rani, ana iya raba shi daga babban sarari na gidan ta hanyar grid.

Don sauƙaƙe sufuri, ana iya rarraba dukkan tsarin cikin sauƙi cikin sassa:

• bangon gefe biyu;
• bangon gaba da baya;
• panel na baya mai cirewa don sauƙin samun dama ga sararin samaniya;
• kasa;
• rufin rufin;
• rufin gable;
• abubuwa masu ado na rufin (gables, iska, sassan kusurwa).

Ana amfani da kowane kayan rufi don kare rufin daga danshi. Kit ɗin dole ne ya haɗa da ƙasan raga, tare da taimakon wanda aka raba “ƙasa” a lokacin rani. Kuma da diaphragm (septum).

A bangaren tsaye, gidan yayi kama da haka:

Kuma wannan shi ne sashe a kwance:

Fasahar hawa

An haɗa tsarin ta amfani da fasahar firam – an sanya mai zafi tsakanin ganuwar biyu.

Ya yi kama da wannan:

An shimfiɗa plywood tare da kauri na 6 mm akan firam ɗin da aka yi da sanduna. Daga sama an lullube shi da rufi. An kare Layer mai rufewa daga tasirin muhalli ta hanyar sutura.

Shirye-shirye masu rufi amya suna dace da wintering zuma ƙudan zuma a waje. Suna da dumi kuma sun bushe isa.

Amfani da tebur

Ana iya amfani da wasu kayan. Alal misali, tebur. Babban abu shine don adana ƙirar gidan kudan zuma da girmansa a ciki.

Idan an ɗauki itace don aiki, allon ya kamata ya kasance mai kauri sosai – 50 zuwa 80 millimeters. Mafi kauri ya fi kyau, yayin da itace ke fashe yayin amfani.

Zaɓin da ya dace shine sanya shi a waje a kan allunan da za a rufe su, sa’an nan kuma rufe shi da kayan kariya. Wannan zai ceci hive daga matsanancin yanayin zafi da kuma ɓarnawar gurɓataccen ruwa.

Tare da fasahar firam na gargajiya, zaku iya zaɓar ƙaramin kauri na allon – daga 20 zuwa 25 millimeters:

• akwatin ciki yana fitowa daga gare su;
• an yi wani firam da aka yi da sanduna a waje: sarari tsakanin bangon waje da na ciki shine 50 mm;
• an yi sheathing na waje da allunan tsagi (20-25 mm);
• sararin da ke tsakanin ganuwar yana cike da suturar lalacewa, alal misali, busassun itacen itace, gansakuka.

Babban hasara na itace shine babban farashi na samfurin ƙarshe. Ba za ku sami waɗannan nau’ikan amya a cikin shaguna ba, kamar yadda masana’antun ke ƙoƙarin adana kuɗi. Don haka, ana amfani da itace ne kawai a cikin bitar gida. Ana samun gidaje masu ɗorewa da inganci daga gare ta.

Babban matakai na taro.

Ba tare da la’akari da kayan da aka haɗa gidan da su ba, duk aikin ana yin su ne a jere:

1. Na farko, an ɗora ganuwar tare da ƙugiya masu tayar da kai (120 mm). A baya can, ana iya yin ramuka a cikin sasanninta tare da rawar jiki, wanda zai sauƙaƙe shigar da kullun kai tsaye. Don rufe haɗin gwiwa, ana amfani da kumfa polyethylene tare da kauri na millimeters biyu zuwa uku.
2. An ƙusa ƙasa zuwa firam tare da kusoshi (60-70 mm).
3. Sa’an nan kuma an shigar da sashin baya mai cirewa. Ana lissafta shi bisa ga shawarar malami tare da kowane ɗalibi.
4. Ana ɗora gangar jikin rufin a kan rufin rufin da aka haɗa tare da sukurori masu ɗaukar kai. Ana shigar da kayan rufi, abubuwa masu ado (pediments, da dai sauransu).
5. A mataki na ƙarshe, an shigar da murfi a cikin gidan tare da taimakon ƙofofin ƙofofi guda biyu, wanda ke ba da damar nadawa kyauta na wannan kashi yayin nazarin mazaunin ƙudan zuma.

Insulation shigarwa

Domin fasahar firam ɗin ta ba da sakamakon da ake tsammani, dole ne a haɗa ganuwar daidai.

Jerin aikin don haɗawa da ware firam ɗin shine kamar haka:

1. Tare da taimakon kai-tapping sukurori 100-110 mm tsawo, da firam da aka tattara daga sanduna daga wannan karshen zuwa wancan. An zaɓi faranti a gaba! Kauri daga cikin insulating Layer zai dogara ne akan girman sandunan da aka yi amfani da su. Sashin da aka ba da shawarar shine 50mm, amma girman zai iya zama kowane girman a buƙatar mai shi.
2. An ƙusa plywood mai tsawon millimeters zuwa sanduna daga ciki.
3. Rubutun na iya zama na halitta (sawdust, gansakuka) ko wucin gadi, alal misali, wanda aka yi da polystyrene (polystyrene da aka fadada).
4. Daga sama, Layer insulating yana da kariya ta wani abu mai shinge na tururi wanda ke wucewa ta cikin iska. Glassine ya fi dacewa don wannan dalili.
5. Rufe na waje an yi shi da lullubi mai kauri na milimita 16-19. Ƙananan samfurori na wannan kayan gini ba su dace da amya ba!

Rufi da rufin rufi

Ana iya rufe rufin da kowane abu. Zaɓin mafi arha shine rufin rufin da aka shimfiɗa a kan gangara a cikin yadudduka biyu.

An haɗa rufin daga katako mai tsawon 60 da wani yanki na 40 ta 45 millimeters (uku don kowane gangaren rufin). A kansu an cika allunan tsayin mita 137. Juya kauri baya wuce 25mm!

Ana buƙatar abubuwa masu ado, amma suna iya zama masu girma dabam. Ya ƙunshi allunan iska guda huɗu da kusurwa, pediments biyu.

An haɗa rufin rufin bisa ga makirci mai zuwa:

Girmansa shine 600 x 1 mm. An ɗora firam ɗin a kan spigot da tsagi kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke sama. Sanduna na iya zama kowane girman. Zane ya nuna sashin giciye na 090 ta 45. Rubuce-rubucen da ke waje tare da kasan firam ɗin an yi su tare da tubalan 70 ta 1,6 cm, wanda aka shigar da takardar fiberboard a ciki kuma an gyara shi da sanduna. Insulation (har zuwa kauri 1,6 cm), alal misali, polystyrene, an ɗora shi akan allo. Daga sama an rufe shi da kayan kariya na tururi.

raga da gindin ƙasa

raga don “ginin ƙasa” yana da kauri mai tsayi 2 cm tare da girman 445 ta 935 millimeters. Girman ƙasa: 490 ta 980. An haɗa shi daga allunan ramuka. Adadin da aka ba da shawarar shine 20 zuwa 25 mm.

Babban abu shine girmama girman grid. Dole ne a shigar da sararin “ƙasa” cikin yardar kaina kuma a sanya shi a cikin wani wuri a kwance ta amfani da kayan ɗamara.

Bangare

An yi bangon ɓangaren (diaphragm) daga katako guda ɗaya ko allunan. Nisa daga gidan yanar gizon a kasa shine santimita 1-2. ƙudan zuma dole ne su motsa cikin yardar kaina tsakanin firam!

An haɗa diaphragm zuwa ga bango da ƙarfi sosai. Don yin wannan, an nannade shi a kewaye da kewaye tare da tef ɗin rufewa da aka yi da kumfa polyethylene.

Maimakon cikakken diaphragm, an yarda da yin amfani da wani yanki na polystyrene, yanke zuwa girman kuma tare da kauri na 5 cm. Daga sama, an cika takardar a cikin polyethylene. Irin wannan rarraba yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma mai sauƙin ƙira.

Ganuwar gefe

Idan yanayin yanayi ya ba da izini, bangon gefen kawai za a iya keɓewa.

Girman sa shine 562 ta 630 mm. Ƙarshen kauri 75 mm (idan an yi amfani da rufin 50 mm):

• 6 mm – plywood bango na ciki;
• 50 mm – diamita;
• 19mm cladding panels.

An zaɓi labulen a ciki tare da kasan ganuwar kuma kada su kai iyakar ta 36 mm. Girman sa a cikin sigar da aka gama shine 20 ta 25 mm.

Rear panel

bangon baya yana da ninki biyu (a mm):

• waje daga ƙasa – 15 ta 37 (don shigar da panel mai cirewa);
• a saman – 11 ta 11 (don ɗaukar firam ɗin saƙar zuma).

Girman bango: 940 ta 500.

Girman panel na baya mai ciru: 940 x 145. Panel pleats (a mm):

• ciki a kasa – 20 ta 25 (don shigar da kasa);
• a saman – 15 ta 37 (don saduwa da babban bangon baya).

Akwai ramukan samun iska guda huɗu akan rukunin da za a iya cirewa. An samo su tare da layin da aka zana a tsakiyar tsayi 4 da 26 cm daga gefuna. Diamita 2,5 cm (25 mm). Don hana kutsawa cikin ruwan sama, ana hako ramukan tare da ɗan gangaren waje.

Gabatarwa

Girman bangon gaba shine 940 ta 630. Manyan ramummuka ana yin su da inci 34 daga saman yanke. Faɗinsa shine 1,2 cm (12 mm). An kafa ramin shigarwa na kasa tsakanin yanke kasa na gaban panel da kasa.

Ninke (a mm):

• ciki a kasa – 20 ta 25 (don shigar da kasa);
• a saman – 11 ta 11 (don shigar da firam ɗin saƙar zuma).

Maganin tsari don firam

A cikin bambance-bambancen da Lazutin ya ba da shawarar, ana yin firam ɗin saƙar zuma bisa tushen firam ɗin Dadanov.

A cikin zane na asali, ya kamata a canza tsayi zuwa 460mm da aka ba da shawarar. An makala mashaya a kasa, ba mashaya ba! Wannan yana ba da damar cire kebul ɗin a tsaye.

Babban wahalar yin aiki tare da irin waɗannan nau’ikan ya taso a lokacin lokacin tattara zuma. Tsuntsayen ba za su dace da daidaitaccen mai cire zuma ba.

Sabili da haka, an ba da shawarar wani bayani na ƙira, wanda ya sauƙaƙa rayuwar mai kula da kudan zuma sosai. Dogayen firam ɗin a cikin wannan sigar an haɗe su daga daidaitattun Dadan da manyan firam ɗin ajiya:

Tare da madaidaicin da aka nuna a cikin hoton, zaku iya kwakkwance doguwar firam cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da shi don zub da zuma a cikin abin cire zuma na al’ada.

a karshe

Kamar kullum, muna ba da shawarar ku yi wa ƙudan zuma hikima. Kudan zuma, manyan wuraren kwana da fasahar kula da Lazutin ba magani ba ne kuma ba sa ba da garantin kariya daga kurakurai.

Matsayin gabaɗayan rashin tsangwama a cikin rayuwar dangin kudan zuma yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau don dalilai na ɗabi’a da ɗabi’a, amma a aikace ba koyaushe ake karɓa ba.

Misali, ba shi yiwuwa a makance bin shawarar Fedor kuma a sha zuma kawai a cikin fall. Akwai yankunan da cin hanci da rashawa ya yi yawa da ake bukatar a rika tada shi sau biyar zuwa bakwai a kowace kaka (ana kawo kilo 8 na nono a kowace rana).

Hakanan ya shafi magance cututtukan kudan zuma na musamman tare da magungunan gida. An ambaci kusan cututtuka 50 a cikin littafin tunani na zamani. Kuma ko da mafi ƙaƙƙarfan yankunan kudan zuma ba za su iya jure wa wasunsu ba. Ita kanta kwayar cutar ta Varroa, ba tare da magani da rigakafin lokaci ba, tana lalata yawancin apiary a cikin shekaru biyu ko uku. Don haka, ba za a iya danganta kawar da ’ya’yan marasa matuki da “barbarism” ba; bayan haka, matsakaicin adadin kaska na mace ya taru a ciki. Wannan yana nufin cewa ‘matakan masu tsattsauran ra’ayi’ da aka ɗauka sun dace sosai ta fuskar likitan dabbobi.

Ayyukan mafari (kamar yadda yake da alama) shine son dabbobin su, ci gaba da haɓakawa, bincika bayanan da aka karɓa kuma sanya shi cikin gwaji a aikace. Idan ba tare da daidaito da tunani ba game da kasuwancin kiwon zuma, babu abin da zai same shi.