Menene gurguncewar kudan zuma, alamunta da maganinta? –

Kamuwa da cutar kudan zuma da ƙwayoyin cuta abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a kiwon zuma na zamani. An gano kwayar cutar ta farko, mai laifin bayyanar saccular brood, a farkon karni na XNUMX.

Kuma a yau an riga an sami maki na ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za su iya haifar da babbar illa ga gonakin kudan zuma. Daya daga cikin cututtukan da aka fi sani da apiaries na zamani shine cutar shan inna.

Abun cikin labarin

• 1 Yadda gurgunta ke tafiya
• 2 Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• 3 ganewar asali
• 4 Matakan rigakafi
• 5 tratamiento
• 6 kamuwa da cuta
• 7 Sauran cututtukan cututtuka

Yadda gurgunta ke tafiya

Kwayoyin cutar shan inna na ƙudan zuma cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da cuta wacce ke haifar da mutuwar kwari masu yawa. Matasa, kwari masu tashi suna kula da ƙwayoyin cuta, suna tabbatar da yawan amfanin kowane apiary.

Mutuwar kwarin yana nuna cewa hita ba ta da kyau.

Har yanzu ba a san duk hanyoyin yaduwar cutar ba. Amma an gano abin da ya faru na varroatosis don taimakawa wajen yada shi. Yana mutu a cikin rabin sa’a lokacin da zafi ya kai digiri 93.

Kwayar cutar tana iya ɗaukar kwas na yau da kullun (latent). Lokacin tashin hankali yana faruwa a cikin bazara da bazara. Rashin burodin kudan zuma (abincin furotin) da zafi da bushewar yanayi na haifar da yaduwar cutar.

Lokacin da ya kamu da cutar, tsarin jijiya ya lalace. A cikin nau’i mai mahimmanci, yawancin kwari da aka shafa a zahiri suna mutuwa a cikin kwanaki na rashin lafiya. Tsarin na kullum yana tasowa a hankali. Yana da wuya a gano asali: adadin matattun kwari ba ya wuce ƙimar halayen yanayin canjin yanayi na tsararraki. Kudan zuma na farko suna mutuwa tsakanin kwanaki 30 zuwa 40 bayan tuntuɓar farko tare da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Cutar tana da alaƙa da matakai da yawa na lalacewa ga tsarin juyayi:

1. Da farko, akwai babban abin farin ciki: kwari suna yin amo, suna jujjuya kamar saman, motsawa da sauri.
2. A mataki na biyu, mutanen da suka kamu da cutar suna daina ba da amsa ga ƙwayoyin cuta na waje, suna zama masu rauni da rashin jin daɗi, kuma sun rasa ikon kare amya.
3. Sannan akwai ƙin tashi da kuma ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfi a wuri ɗaya (idan ya taɓa kwarin, sai dai a raunane ya rinjayi fikafikansa). A wannan mataki, kwari suna mutuwa.

Hakanan kuna iya lura da rashin jin daɗin iyali a bayyanar kudan zuma masu girma. Launin cikin ku yana canzawa: duhu, sautin mai mai da sheki yana bayyana. Katon kai ya fado. Akwai rawar jiki a cikin jiki da fuka-fuki.

ganewar asali

Za’a iya tabbatar da ingantaccen ganewar asali ta hanyar wucewa da gawarwakin don bincike zuwa dakin gwaje-gwajen dabbobi.

A gida, kuna buƙatar buɗe jikin mataccen kwari. Za a sami stools na ruwa a cikin hanjin ku na baya kuma amfanin gonar zuma zai cika da syrupy sugary. Irin wannan podmor yana fitar da ƙamshin kifi mara daɗi.

Idan ba tare da gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje ba, akwai haɗarin rudani tare da wasu cututtuka irin su acarapidosis ko nosematosis.

Matakan rigakafi

Babban ma’aunin rigakafin shine ƙirƙirar yanayi masu kyau don haɓakawa da rayuwar iyalai. Shanyewar jiki cuta ce mai kau da kai. A cikin ƙaƙƙarfan amya, mayar da hankali ga kamuwa da cuta yana share kansa kwanaki 10-14 bayan tuntuɓar farko tare da pathogen.

A cikin mutane da dabbobi, kariya daga ƙwayoyin cuta yana faruwa ne saboda shigar da interferon, wanda ke iya kunna nasa samar da ƙwayoyin endonucleases. Gabatarwar nucleases yana taimakawa wajen kunna garkuwar rigakafi da sauri. Wadannan enzymes suna iya katse yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.

A cikin kiwon kudan zuma, kwayar cutar shan inna na ƙudan zuma kuma ana bi da su ta hanyar gudanar da ƙwayoyin cuta. Tare da taimakon waɗannan kwayoyi, ana aiwatar da rigakafin rigakafin cutar.

Ana amfani da enzymes masu zuwa:

Maganin ribonuclease mai ruwa An yi amfani da shi tun tsakiyar watan Mayu don sarrafa amya sau hudu a cikin kwanaki goma. Ana yin feshi ta kwalban feshi a ƙarshen rana, lokacin da shekaru masu aiki suka daina. Kashi na alveolus: 50 MG na miyagun ƙwayoyi a kowace 15 ml na ruwa.

Kit ɗin magani na Endoglukin

“Endoglukin” Ana amfani dashi a lokacin bazara da lokacin rani lokacin da zafin iska bai kasa ƙasa da digiri 14 ba. Don rigakafi ko magani, ana buƙatar aiwatar da maganin sau 3-5 a cikin tazara na mako ɗaya. Ana fesa maganin tare da na’urar fesa mai kyau da safe ko maraice (kada a yi aiki a cikin shekaru). Mai sana’anta yana samar da kits don kula da iyalai biyu da goma, wanda ya haɗa da enzyme a cikin adadin 50 MG (mahimmanci 10 ko 000 U) da mai kunnawa – magnesium chloride ko sulfate. Daya vial na enzyme, wanda aka tsara don 50 hepatofamilies, ana narkar da shi a cikin 000 ml na ruwan ƙanƙara dafaffe kuma an ƙara mai kunnawa daga vial na biyu. “Endoglukin” ga iyalai 2 an diluted a cikin 100 ml na ruwa.

Wadannan kwayoyi suna haifar da sakamako mai ban sha’awa ta hanyar hana ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɓarna (waɗanda ba a iya gani ba). A sakamakon haka, yawan aiki na apiary yana ƙaruwa. Kuma a cikin lura da mummunan nau’in cutar, ƙwayoyin nucleic acid suna katsewa kuma an hana haifuwa.

tratamiento

Har yanzu ba a samar da magunguna na musamman na gurguje ba. Sabili da haka, ana kula da nests masu rauni mai tsanani tare da maganin rigakafi masu yawa:

“Biomicina” yana taimaka wa kwari su jimre wa microflora pathogenic wanda ke haɓaka lokaci guda tare da harin ƙwayar cuta. A farkon lokacin rani, ana yin sutura sau uku tare da syrup tare da ƙarin maganin rigakafi (400 IU a kowace lita na syrup). Tsakanin ciyarwa shine kwanaki 000-2. Don firam da aka rufe da ƙudan zuma, ana ba da 3-50 g na syrup.

Oxytetracycline emitted a cikin kudi na 0,5 g da lita na syrup. Kowane iyali mara lafiya yana karɓar lita 0,8 zuwa 1 na sutura sau uku tare da tazarar kwanaki biyu.

Bayan yin amfani da maganin rigakafi, kwari suna samun cikakkiyar farfadowa. Kuma marasa lafiya sun daina bayyana a cikin gida bayan kwanaki 5-6 bayan fara aikin jiyya.

Hanyoyin da aka kirkiro bisa tushen kayan lambu, waɗanda aka tsara don ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi a cikin kudan zuma, sun tabbatar da kyau: Apikur, ApiMaks, ApiVir… A cikin abun da ke ciki za ku iya samun echinacea, eucalyptus, tafarnuwa, St. John’s wort, coniferous tsantsa da sauran tsire-tsire masu magani waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen lalata ƙwayoyin cuta.

kamuwa da cuta

Don hana yaduwar cutar, wajibi ne a bi ka’idodin disinfection da kula da ƙudan zuma:

1. Ya kamata a sake mai da tsofaffin combs daga yankin da ya kamu da cutar. Kuma ana lalata firam ɗin da wutan wuta ko ta tafasa tsawon mintuna 30. Za a iya cin zuma, kwayar cutar ba ta da hadari ga mutane.
2. Bayan ƙyanƙyashe ya fito, ana ba da shawarar dasa wani yanki mara lafiya zuwa hiki mai tsafta a cikin tsefewar fodder da aka ɗauka daga gida mai lafiya.
3. A cikin bazara, iyalai ya kamata a taqaitaccen kuma a rufe su da babban inganci.
4. A kowane dubawa, ana iya cire ƙudan zuma da suka gurɓace gaba ɗaya daga cikin gida. Wannan hanya ce mai wahala, amma yana ba ku damar hanzarta aikin warkarwa na apiary.
5. Ana kashe duk amya da firam ɗin da babu komai a kowace shekara kuma ana sarrafa kayan bayan kowace gwajin iyalai masu kamuwa da cuta.
6. Ana kula da mites Varroa akai-akai. Ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara, mafi kusantar ƙudan zuma don guje wa cututtuka masu haɗari masu haɗari (paralysis, nakasar fuka-fuki).

Sauran cututtukan cututtuka

Ana gudanar da maganin cututtuka na ƙudan zuma kamar yadda irin nau’in cutar. A zahiri babu magungunan rigakafi da ke da ikon lalata wata ƙwayar cuta.

Kwari tare da gurɓatattun fuka-fuki

Babban hanyar kariya ita ce ta motsa samar da enzymes a cikin kwari wanda zai iya kare jiki.… Kuma, ba shakka, kulawar da ta dace:

• ba da firam ɗin abinci mai inganci da sutura;
• kiyaye gida mai tsabta da bushewa;
• gano kan lokaci na raunana da iyalai marasa lafiya;
• ƙarfafa iyalai;
• lalata parasites, yafi Varroa mites.

Idan duk waɗannan sharuɗɗan da ke sama sun cika, kwari suna haɓaka isassun matakan kariya waɗanda za su iya tsayayya da harin hoto.

Jerin cututtuka na gama gari:

Cashmere virus (KBV) bayyanar da rashin bayyanar cututtuka. A cikin kwayoyin halitta, ƙwayoyin cuta suna kusa da inna. Kwari suna mutuwa a rana ta uku a kowane mataki na ci gaba. Wanda ke dauke da kamuwa da cutar shine varroa mite. A cikin iyalai masu lafiya, kamuwa da cuta ya kasance a ɓoye.

Black Queen cell (BQCV) yana shafar larvae da pupae na sarauniya. Cutar tana tasowa a cikin iyalan da suka kamu da nosematosis. Bayan an rufe uwar giyar, tsutsa ta mutu kuma ta dauki launin duhu.

Sel tare da zuriyar marasa lafiya, buɗe ta ƙudan zuma

Sacular breeding virus (SBV) ya fi shafar tsutsa. Tushen kamuwa da cuta shine ƙwayoyin cuta na cikin mahaifa Varroa. A cikin manyan kwari, kamuwa da cuta yana rage tsawon rayuwa kuma ya ƙi ciyar da dabbobin matasa. Ana kamuwa da cutar tare da burodin kudan zuma. Larvae da suka kamu da cutar sun yi kama da buhunan ruwa, wanda a ciki akwai miliyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Launin jikin mataccen tsutsa yana canzawa: kai ya juya baki kuma jiki yayi duhu. Barkewar kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ne a lokuta ba tare da natsuwa ba a bazara da bazara. Duk da haka, mazauna masu lafiya da kansu suna jure wa kawar da larvae marasa lafiya daga gida; mai kiwon kudan zuma bai ma lura da kasancewar SBV ba. Za’a iya gano ƙwayar cuta ta ɓoye ta gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje idan mai gida ya yi zargin cewa ɗan’uwan ko menene.

Nakasar fuka Hakanan yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kwayar cuta (DWV). Cutar tana da alamun bayyanar cututtuka: a cikin kwari, girman jiki yana raguwa, kuma fuka-fuki suna kallon wrinkled. Ana samun kwayar cutar a cikin 100% na mites Varroa da aka bincika a dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Kwarin marasa lafiya sun rasa ikon koyo, an rage tsawon rayuwarsu.

A cikin iyalai masu lafiya gabaɗaya, ƙwayoyin cuta galibi ana samun su ne kawai a cikin sigar ɓoye – kwari da kansu suna tsayayya da kamuwa da cuta. Saboda wannan dalili, matakan da za a inganta apiary lokaci ne mai mahimmanci a cikin nasarar rigakafin rigakafi da maganin cututtuka.