Clover zuma shuka, samu a cikin climatic zones na arewaci da tsakiyar Turai. Dangane da nau’in, shi ne perennial ko shekara-shekara ganye na legume iyali. Ya fi girma a kan ƙasa ban da chernozem, inda nau’in ya yadu, ban da yankunan busassun.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Muhimmancin noma
- 1.1 fari
- 1.2 Pink
- 1.3 Mountain
- 1.4 Rojo
- 1.5 Persa
- 2 Yawan aikin zuma
- 3 Kaddarorin masu amfani
Muhimmancin noma
Clover yana girma a matsayin shukar zuma, wanda ke ba da kyakkyawar kwararar nectar da pollen. Ana kuma amfani da ita azaman abincin dabbobi.
Ba duk yankuna suna aiki daidai da kyau akan wannan ganye ba. Masu kiwon zuma suna amfani da horon, wanda zai fara makonni biyu kafin furen clover. Wannan dabarar tana ba ku damar kusan ninka tarin nectar da pollen, ba tare da la’akari da irin ƙudan zuma ba.
Ga wasu breeds, tsarin da mouthparts da kuma zurfin da Clover furanni ba da damar su shiga a cikin tarin kafura. Kuma dole ne a yi la’akari da wannan. Iyalan da suka ƙi tattara gaba ɗaya ana fitar da su don gurbatar sauran amfanin gona.
Nau’in clover masu mahimmanci ga apiaries:
- fari (raguwa);
- ruwan hoda ko matasan;
- dutse (farin kai);
- ja ko makiyaya:
- Bace
Sauran, nau’ikan da ba su da yawa suna ba da amfanin amfanin gonar zuma kawai. cewa Clover spike, chestnut, caucasian, strawberry, matsakaici, filin, Crimson, alexandrine.
fari
Farin clover a matsayin tsire-tsire mai laushi yana da matukar muhimmanci ga tarin zuma na kasuwanci, tun da yake an rarraba shi a ko’ina cikin yankin Turai na nahiyarmu. Yana girma da kyau a cikin ƙasa mai laushi, ƙasa mai laushi ba tare da chernozem ba.
A cikin ciyayi, inda fari ke faruwa sau da yawa, ba a noma shukar farin clover zuma ba!
Itacen yana da tsawon lokacin furanni, daga farkon zuwa kusan ƙarshen lokacin rani. Ga apiaries, wannan iri-iri na perennial yana da mahimmanci don damar da za ta haɓaka yankunan kudan zuma don hunturu.
Furen suna fari a kan manyan peduncles, an tattara su a kan kawunansu. Bar a kan dogayen petioles, an haɗa su cikin guda uku. Tushen da kyau a cikin ƙasa mara kyau.
Pink
Yana da nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) wanda ke tsiro a ko’ina sai dai a wuraren da aka bushe. Pink clover yayi hunturu da kyau kuma yana da juriya ga abubuwa mara kyau a kowane yanayi.
Bushy ganye tare da kafaffen kara, manyan trifoliate ganye da kuma halayyar inflorescence, fari a ciki da kuma ruwan hoda a waje.
Fure mai ƙarfi yana ɗaukar matsakaicin kwanaki talatin. A cikin wannan lokacin, sabbin inflorescences koyaushe suna yin fure daga ƙasa zuwa sama, ƙananan furanni kuma suna bushewa.
Lokacin flowering yana daga farkon Yuni zuwa Satumba. Babban darajar iri-iri shine samuwar nectar ga kowane irin ƙudan zuma. Duk da tsayin furanni, clover mai ruwan hoda baya sakin nectar daga ƙarshen inflorescences.
Ana shuka shi a cikin tsire-tsire masu gauraye tare da jan clover, wanda ke buɗe yuwuwar girbi zumar kwanaki 10-12 kafin lokacin.
Mountain
Dutsen Clover ko fari yana tsiro a tsakiyar nahiyar Turai. Wannan ganye yana jure yanayin bushe da kyau. Yawancin lokaci ana iya samuwa a cikin ƙasa: gangaren raƙuman ruwa, raƙuman ruwa.
Baƙar fata yana kama da shrub mai tsiro mai tsayi har zuwa santimita 50-60, wanda aka tattara daga madaidaiciya mai tushe da yawa. Akwai ‘yan ganye a kan ciyawa, ganye da yawa akan kowane kara. Sun bambanta ta hanyar sifa mai siffar trifoliate da elongated petioles.
Ana tattara furanni a cikin manyan inflorescences masu yawa na 70-250 guda. Suna narke a hankali daga ƙasa zuwa sama. Ɗaya daga cikin kai yana samar da nectar a cikin makonni biyu kuma dukan shuka yana fure har zuwa kwanaki 20-30. Lokacin flowering yana daga farkon Yuni zuwa farkon Yuli.
Inflorescences koyaushe suna buɗewa kusa da tsakar rana; A wannan lokacin ne zaka iya ganin ƙudan zuma kusa da su, suna tattara pollen da nectar.
Rojo
Itacen zuma na ja jajayen ganyen ganye ne na shekara-shekara wanda ake nomawa don ciyar da dabbobi.
Yana faruwa
- iri-iri guda-yanke, furanni daga shekara ta biyu zuwa ƙarshen Yuni;
- da yanke biyu, blooming daga farkon shekara.
Ciyawa tana da rassa, tare da kawunan furanni na lilac akan kowane tushe. Ganyen suna da ninki uku kuma suna girma akan dogayen petioles. Yana ɗaukar kwanaki bakwai don mutum ɗaya ya yi fure, kuma dukan ciyawa tana fure tsawon kwanaki 30-35. A cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano mai daɗi, furanni na iya ɗaukar tsayi fiye da ƙayyadadden lokacin.
Wannan tsiron yana buƙatar pollination da ƙudan zuma cikin gaggawa, tunda lokacin pollination ɗin kansa yana samar da ƙwayoyi kaɗan. Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, yankin kudan zuma yakamata yayi aiki akan amfanin gona na murabba’in murabba’in murabba’in mita ɗaya!
Ana kawo yankunan kudan zuma a cikin filayen jim kaɗan kafin inflorescences su yi fure. Tarin pollen yana samuwa ga kowane nau’in, amma ƙudan zuma ne kawai ke iya samun nectar:
- Caucasian: kilogiram 18 a kowace mallaka;
- krinesky – 9 kilogiram a kowace mallaka;
- Italiyanci: kilogiram 8 a kowace mallaka;
- da kuma Tsakiyar Rasha irin – 2 kilogiram da iyali na ƙudan zuma.
Hakanan, ƙudan zuma daga tsakiyar Rasha na iya zuwa nectar kawai a cikin yanayin zafi, lokacin da matakinsa ya tashi a cikin bututun fure.
Persa
Irin Farisa (shabdar) ana girma a Arewacin Caucasus. An rarraba a Kazakhstan, Ukraine. Wannan tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara ya kai tsayin santimita 80-90, yana da rassan mai tushe, ganye uku na launin kore mai datti. Furannin suna da ɗan lebur lilac.
Yana fure a ƙarshen Mayu kuma yana fitar da nectar tsawon watanni 1,5. Bayan yankan ciyawa, sake fitar da inflorescences bayan kwanaki 20-25.
Yawan aikin zuma
Yawan zumar da ake tarawa ya dogara ne da nau’in shuka da nau’in kudan zuma da ake amfani da su wajen tattara zuma:
- shukar zuma farar clover, wacce ke ba da kilogiram 100 na nectar kowace kadada;
- Itacen zuma mai launin ja, wanda dogayen ƙudan zuma ke kawo kilogiram 120-240 na zuma (sauran nau’ikan da ba su wuce 25-30 kg kowace iyali ba!);
- Shabdar na Farisa na shekara guda yana ba da zuma kilo 150 zuwa 300, a cikin Ukraine har zuwa kilo 200;
- nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in ruwan hoda yana samar da har zuwa kilogiram 100-130 a kowace hectare;
- farin kai (dutse) – kimanin kilo 100.
Don lokacin tattara zuma, duk amya yakamata su sami tarkon pollen, kamar yadda clover ke ba da pollen mai inganci mai yawa. Launinsa ya dogara da iri-iri. Farin iri-iri yana da pollen launin ruwan kasa da launin jan cakulan.
zumar kasuwanci tana da haske sosai, kusan ba ta da launi, tana da fa’ida sosai. Yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi sosai (abin da ke cikin sukarin nectar shine kashi 28 zuwa 48 ko fiye), tare da ƙamshi na ganye. Bayan crystallization, wani haske mai ƙarfi yana samuwa, wanda ya ƙunshi nau’i mai laushi.
zumar Clover na daya daga cikin mafi kyawun haske da kimar iri a kasuwa.
Kaddarorin masu amfani
Samfurin ya ƙunshi glucose har zuwa kashi 35, kashi 40 na levulose, yana da ƙananan adadin diastase, ƙasa da raka’a Gotha 10.
Babban yankin aikace-aikace a cikin magungunan gargajiya:
- maganin cututtuka na ciki da hanji;
- sake cika ma’adinan bitamin da ma’adanai a cikin jiki;
- ƙara yawan lactation a cikin mata (shirin yana da tasirin lactogenic).
Ana amfani dashi don hanyoyin kwaskwarima, warkar da raunuka, ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi da warkar da jiki gaba ɗaya.
