A ƙarƙashin hogweed a cikin ilmin halitta, an san dukkanin nau’in tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, suna da nau’i fiye da hamsin (ɗaya daga cikinsu ana samuwa ne kawai a Arewacin Amirka).
Sunan hogweed a cikin ƙasarmu ba shi da kyau: yaƙin da wasu nau’ikan masu guba suna haifar da hali mai ban sha’awa ga kowane wakilin wannan nau’in shuka. Duk da haka, hogweed a matsayin shuka zuma yana kunshe a cikin littattafan tunani na kiwon zuma.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Rarraba
- 2 Dabbobi masu haɗari
- 3 Amfanin nau’in apiary
- 3.1 bayanin
- 3.2 Agrotechnical
- 3.3 Yawan aikin zuma
- 3.4 Kaddarorin masu amfani
Rarraba
Mafi rinjaye na hogweed yana tsiro a gabas hemisphere, galibi a cikin yankin da yake da zafi da bel ɗin dutsen subalpine. A Rasha, kewayon shine ɓangaren Turai, Yammacin Siberiya. Ana samun tsire-tsire na wannan nau’in a Kazakhstan, Belarus (yafi a cikin yankunan Minsk da Vitebsk).
Hogweed yana nuna halin kaka-nika-yi, yana ɗaukar ƙarin yanki kuma yana kawar da flora na gida. Kuna iya samun su a cikin gonaki da gonaki da aka yi watsi da su, wuraren da babu kowa a ciki, bankunan tafkunan ruwa, a kan tituna.
A wasu jihohin Turai, an shelanta yakin gaske akan wadannan tsire-tsire (Jamus, Czech Republic, Scandinavia, Poland, Estonia), wanda Rasha da Belarus suka shiga. A yau, gandun daji na faski na iya kashe masu a yankunan karkara hukuncin gudanarwa saboda sakaci da ke lalata tsaron muhalli na yankin.
Dabbobi masu haɗari
Amma a nan yana da kyau a jaddada cewa wasu nau’ikan guba ne kawai ke haifar da haɗari ga mutane da dabbobi.
Mafi na kowa daga cikinsu a Rasha shine Hogweed Sosnovskoggame da. Kuna iya haduwa da shi a yankunan tsakiya, arewa maso yamma, da arewa. Iri-iri yana da haɗari kuma Mantegacci (mantegazzianum).
Wadannan katafaren tsire-tsire suna dauke da furanocoumarins a cikin ruwan su. Lokacin da suka yi hulɗa da dabbobi da mutane, suna haifar da dermatitis. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar hasken rana, gubar nan take yana cutar da fata mara kariya, yana haifar da mummunar ƙonewa tare da samuwar blisters da ulcers.
Muhimmanci! Kone mai tsanani na iya zama m ga yara! Manya suna lalata ciyawa mai haɗari a cikin kayan kariya mai hana ruwa wanda ke hana ruwan ‘ya’yan itace shiga cikin fata.
Babban alamar shuka mai guba shine babban girma, wani lokacin har zuwa mita 5-6. Ganyen ciyawa suna da tsayi har zuwa mita kuma kauri yana da kauri sosai. Akwai inflorescences umbellate na ban sha’awa bayyanar farin launi; a diamita, suna sauƙin kaiwa santimita 80.
A zahiri komai yana da guba a nan: pollen, wari, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, har ma da raɓa na digowa daga ganyen da sassafe.
Amfanin nau’in apiary
Tare da irin wannan hogweed mai haɗari, akwai quite a iri-iri na Siberian mara lahani (wanda aka fi sani da “pican” ko zobo na daji). Ta, mai gaskiya, kuma an haɗa cikin littattafan tunani na kiwon zuma.
Kuna iya samun wannan shuka zuma a Yammacin Siberiya, a cikin tsaunin Caucasus, a cikin yankin Turai mai zafi (a zahiri a duk faɗin ƙasarsa), a kudancin Altai, a cikin Kazakhstan da Crimea.
Ciyawa ta fi son ƙasa mai laushi mai kyau, zabar makiyaya da gandun daji.
A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Tsakiyar, an yi amfani da ganyen matasa da harbe na wannan shuka ba tare da hani ba don shirya jita-jita na farko. Amma bayan lokaci, an yi watsi da wannan al’adar dafa abinci a zahiri.
bayanin
Iri-iri na Siberian ganye ne na shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara tare da rhizome mai ƙarfi da tsayi mai tsayi (har zuwa 1,8 m). Cikin gindin yana da rami kuma waje yana da kaushi kuma mai kaushi a tsari mai kyalli.
Ganyen suna da siffar oval, an rarraba su tare da gefuna, har zuwa rabin mita a tsayi. Furen suna ƙanana, rawaya-kore, an tattara su a cikin laima. Suna fure daga Yuli zuwa Satumba, a wasu yankuna suna yin fure daga farkon lokacin rani lokaci guda tare da raspberries na daji (dazuzzuka).
Agrotechnical
Ana yada shukar zuma ta tsaba, waɗanda aka shuka a cikin layuka masu faɗi a ƙarshen fall (kusan kwanaki 20 kafin ƙasa ta daskare). Zurfin shuka shine 2-2,5 cm. An ƙera iri da farko a yanayin zafi na sifili zuwa -2 digiri. Don yin wannan, ana sanya tsaba da aka jiƙa a cikin ruwa na tsawon kwanaki uku a cikin akwatunan da aka shirya, bayan haxa su da yashi (ɓangare ɗaya na yashi na sassa uku na tsaba). Girman yashi a cikin kwalaye shine 15-20 cm. Ana gauraya yashi a jika akai-akai har sai ‘ya’yan itacen sun fito. Dukkanin tsari yana ɗaukar tsakanin kwanaki 90 zuwa 100. Sa’an nan kuma ana tura tsaba zuwa ƙasa mai buɗewa, ana rarraba su a kan shafin a cikin layuka masu fadi.
Yawan aikin zuma
Ana kawo apiaries musamman zuwa cikin kurmi na faski na Siberian, tabbatar da cewa akwai yankuna masu ƙarfi kawai a wurin; Lokacin aiki a kan wannan shuka, ƙudan zuma suna lalacewa da sauri, amma a lokaci guda ana motsa kwai (za a sami matasa fiye da yadda aka saba).
An sanya amya da tanki na biyu, tun da ruwan nectar ruwa ne kuma samar da shi yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci fiye da sauran nau’in zuma.
Ana lura da cikakken lokacin furanni daga safiya zuwa tsakar rana. A wannan lokacin ne ƙudan zuma ke ziyartar laima da aka buɗe. Furen aiki yana ɗaukar kwanaki 18 zuwa 35. Suna cire apiary na ɗan lokaci kafin duk laima su ɓace!
Itacen zuma hogweed na Siberian yana ba da cin hancin kilogiram 200 zuwa 250 na zuma mai kasuwa a kowace kadada na gonaki masu yawa. A lokaci guda, ƙudan zuma suna tattara pollen rawaya mai haske.
Sabon zuma yana da launin amber, ƙamshi mai daɗi da ƙaƙƙarfa, ɗanɗano mai kyau. Daidaituwa yana da kauri.
Kaddarorin masu amfani
Busashen mai tushe, ganye, tsaba da tushen ganyen a cikin magungunan jama’a ana ba da shawarar ga wasu cututtuka kamar furunculosis, rheumatism, da ciwon hakori.
Honey da aka samu daga nau’ikan da ba guba ba yana inganta narkewa, yana ƙara yawan ci, yana daidaita aikin gallbladder, hanta da kodan.
Yana da amfani don narkar da shi a cikin baki tare da angina, stomatitis, gingivitis. Samfurin yana aiki azaman maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta mai kyau.
Muhimmanci! Duk da cewa petioles na mai tushe na Siberian iri-iri har yanzu ana pickled da kuma amfani da su azaman ado, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na iya haifar da kumburin fata (ko da yake ba shi da ƙarfi kamar a cikin nau’ikan hogweed masu guba). Ana girbe petioles da ganye tare da safar hannu na roba sannan a jika don cire coumarins. Kuma sai bayan sun yi girki.
