Yawancin masu kiwon zuma sun ji natsuwar wannan nau’in. Buckfast yana da halaye masu kyau da yawa, ɗaya daga cikinsu shine yawan yawan zuma. Kudan zuma suna samar da zuma fiye da sauran nau’in Yammacin Turai. Kuma wannan ko da yaushe yana jan hankalin kanana da manyan masu gonaki.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Tarihin
- 2 Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
- 3 bayyanar
- 4 Halayen rayuwa
Tarihin
Tarihin irin nau’in ya fara ne a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX a cikin gidan Ingilishi na Buckfast, inda wani matashin dodo, mai sha’awar kiwon zuma, ya shiga cikin zaɓin ƙudan zuma.… Gudunmawar dan’uwa Adam wajen bunkasa sana’ar tana da yawa! Ya mutu a shekara ta 1996 yana da shekaru 98, amma har zuwa kwanan nan ya kasance yana kiwo nau’in ƙudan zuma “masu kyau”. Sabon aikin da ya yi na kiwon wadannan kwaroron zuma gaba daya ya canza harkar kiwon zumar zamani.
Har ya kai shekara 80, Ɗan’uwa Adam ya ƙware a duniya don neman sabon nau’in kudan zuma. Godiya ga kokarin sufaye, cikakkun bayanai game da kudan zuma daga yankuna daban-daban na duniya sun bayyana a cikin kundin sani.
Ya yarda da haka “Kawai abun ciki na hybrids tare da abin da ake kira hade da mafi fifikon halayen kasuwanci daga jinsi daban-daban da yawan jama’a yana ba da kiwon zuma hanya madaidaiciya.”… The monk ba kawai marubucin wani sabon ra’ayi na kiwo, amma kuma hanyar kiwo kwari.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Kudan zuman Buckfast da muka sani an samo su ne ta hanyar ketare nau’ikan nau’ikan Yammacin Turai da yawa, galibi Italiyanci, tare da kudan zuma duhu. An yi cuɗanya da tseren Girka a cikin 1960. Kuma a farkon shekarun saba’in, an haye kudan zuma na Buckfast da ƙudan zuma daga Anatolia (Turkiyya). Daga baya kadan, tseren Makidoniya da Masar sun shiga aikin.
Babban makasudin zaɓen da ake ci gaba da yi shi ne yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta na tracheal, wanda kusan ya lalata yawan kudan zuma na Ingila gaba ɗaya a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX.
Amfanin sabon nau’in:
- juriya ga mites na tracheal;
- juriya ga yanayin danshi;
- matsakaicin gudun;
- zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali;
- high yawan aiki na zuma;
- saurin canzawa tsakanin tsire-tsire na zuma idan ya cancanta (ƙaura mai kyau na flora);
- kyakkyawar haihuwa ta sarauniya: har zuwa qwai 2 a kowace rana kusan kullum;
- Cikakken yarda da buƙatun kiwon zuma na masana’antu.
Lalacewar sun haɗa da:
- canzawa;
- kadan juriya ga sanyi;
- low propolis abun ciki a cikin amya.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a jaddada cewa wannan nau’in bai dace da yanayin yanayin yanayi na wasu yankunan Rasha ba..
Ko da yake kiwo na ƙudan zuma masu ban sha’awa da aka shigo da su ya zama abin ado a kwanakin nan, wani muhimmin al’amari bai kamata a manta da shi ba: kowace irin nau’i ne sakamakon zaɓin yanayi wanda yanayin yanayi na wani yanki ya tsara.
Idan apiary yana cikin yankunan arewacin kasar tare da dogon lokacin hunturu, nau’in kudancin ba su dace da kiyayewa ba, saboda ba su dace da tarin tarin feces a cikin hanji ba. A cikin tsawon lokacin hunturu, waɗannan kwari na iya mutuwa kawai.
Wani muhimmin hali shine ingancin sarauniya. Lokacin kiyaye Buckfast, dole ne a kusanci janyewa ko siyan kudan zuma a hankali, saboda ƙananan mata masu inganci suna haifar da lalacewa bayan tsararraki 2-3 – ƙudan zuma sun zama m.
Kuna iya siyan kudan zuma maras kyau akan Yuro 30-40. “Sarauniya” mai ‘ya’ya tana kashe kuɗi masu ban sha’awa: har zuwa Yuro 600 da ƙari. Mafi kyawun masu kiwon kiwo a cikin wannan nau’in suna cikin Jamus.
Tsarin ƙyanƙyashe sarauniya yana da ban sha’awa musamman: galibin mata an kashe su. Kimanin kashi 2-3 cikin XNUMX na mutanen da aka haifa ana sayar da su azaman masu shayarwa a kasuwa.
bayyanar
Buckfast ya ɗan yi duhu a launi fiye da “samfurin” – ƙudan zuma na Italiyanci rawaya, amma jikinsa ba launin ruwan kasa ba ne. Cikin mahaifa yana da kunkuntar jiki mai tsayi, wanda ya bambanta sosai, alal misali, daga mataki na Ukrainian.
Tun da nau’in yana da babban sauye-sauye, bayyanar kwari zai bambanta dan kadan dangane da halaye na zaɓi na wani makiyayi (akwai layukan iri da yawa). Wato duk ya dogara ne akan nau’in kwari da ke faruwa na gaba. Za mu iya cewa ƙudan zuma na Buckfast ba nau’in iri ba ne a matsayin hanyar kiwo da tsallaka kwari.
Halayen rayuwa
Natsuwar kwari yana da ban mamaki! Lokacin duba amya, babu wani kwat da wando mai kariya, ana buƙatar safofin hannu, har ma da rashin abin rufe fuska ba zai haifar da mummunan sakamako ga mai kula da kudan zuma ba. Hakan ya faru ne saboda idan an buɗe murfin, kudan zuma da kansu suna zuwa gindin gidan. A mafi yawan lokuta, ba za ku buƙaci mai shan taba ba.
Babu buƙatar raba nests, Layer, zaɓi firam ɗin brood. Kwari a zahiri ba sa faɗuwa cikin yanayi mara kyau. Babban manufar mai kiwon kudan zuma shine karfafawa da samar da iyalai cikin sauri.
A lokacin rani, kamar yadda yake tare da sauran nau’in ƙudan zuma, ya zama dole don shigar da ƙarin gine-gine da shaguna a lokaci don kada a rasa wani ɓangare na cin hanci. Buckfast yana da ƙarfi kuma yana da ikon yin aiki akan manyan wuraren tsire-tsire na zuma.
Mahaifa yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ƙananan sassan jiki, ba ya tashi. Mafi girma da hive da kuma karfi da iyali, da karin rayayye shuka. Tsutsotsin sun taru tare, suna shuka firam gaba ɗaya, daga wannan mashaya zuwa wancan. Perga koyaushe yana cikin firam daban-daban. Ƙwararrin a hankali suna amfani da combs da aka tanada da sararin hiya. Duk zuma za ta taru a cikin manyan gine-gine da ɗakunan ajiya.
Domin kiyayewa ya yi nasara, lokacin siyan ƙudan zuma, ya zama dole don bayyana wane layin nau’in da aka saya daga mai kiwo. Ainihin, bambance-bambancen suna da alaƙa da halaye (lokacin) tarin zuma da juriya ga cututtuka masu haɗari.
Akwai ƙudan zuma da farkon ƙyanƙyashe, tsakiya da kuma marigayi ƙyanƙyashe na dabbobi. Queens na iya son har zuwa ƙarshen fall ko daina shuka a ƙarshen Agusta. Duk wannan kai tsaye rinjayar da yawan amfanin ƙasa na zuma.
Da kyau, an zaɓi layin da zai iya ba da girbi mai kyau na zuma, dangane da yanayin yanayi da kuma ci gaban tsire-tsire na zuma na gida. Kudan zuma na iya mayar da hankali kan cin hancin marigayi da kuma tattara zumar bazara.
Kasancewa cikin yanayin sanyi, wanda ya bambanta da Ingilishi, zai buƙaci keɓewar gidajen kudan zuma a hankali.Amma, ko da a wannan yanayin, ba zai yi aiki ba don kiwon kudan zuma na Buckfast a yankunan arewa.
Muhimmi: nau’in yana buƙatar kariya ta dindindin daga mites Varroa! Amma a lokaci guda, ƙudan zuma ba su da sauƙi ga yaduwar nosematosis, acarapidosis da ascospherosis.
Har yanzu, muna tunatar da ku cewa babu shawarwari da shawarwari na duniya, tun da ko a cikin yanki ɗaya, yanayin ƙudan zuma na iya bambanta a cikin kilomita 10-20 na gaba. Kiwon zuma ko da yaushe wani tsari ne na kirkire-kirkire da ke bukatar kulawa sosai daga bangaren mai kiwon kudan zuma. Abin lura kawai, sanin ka’idodin kiwon zuma gabaɗaya da aiki akai-akai suna haifar da nasara.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in faɗi cewa tare da duk fa’idodin kiyaye buckfast apiary, masu kiwon zuma kada su manta: kawai kiwo za su taimaka wajen adana fa’idodin matasan. In ba haka ba, ƙudan zuma suna canzawa, suna rasa wasu halaye, a cikin shekaru ɗaya ko biyu masu zuwa.
