Furannin tsire-tsire na zuma sun haɗu da mahimman kaddarorin guda biyu: suna ƙara kyau ga ƙirar shimfidar wuri kuma suna ba da kayan apiary na tsaye tare da cin hancin tallafi ko kasuwa.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Abin da kuke buƙatar sani
- 2 Ganye marasa ma’ana
- 3 Furannin lambu
Abin da kuke buƙatar sani
Mai kiwon kudan zuma ya zaɓi furanni bisa la’akari da yanayin yanayi na wani yanki. A bayyane yake cewa tsire-tsire na kudancin ba za su sami tushe a Siberiya ba, kuma, akasin haka, kayan ado mai ƙamshi na lambun daga yanayin yanayi mai wuya ba zai iya zama da kyau a cikin Crimea ba.
Abu mai mahimmanci na biyu shine yawan yawan zuma na furanni, lokaci da tsawon lokacin furanni. Ya dogara da waɗannan dalilai ko gadaje masu haske na furanni za su amfana da ƙudan zuma: za su samar da nectar da pollen.
Ganye marasa ma’ana
Ana iya wakilta furannin tsire-tsire na zuma a cikin lambuna ba kawai ta hanyar al’adun gargajiya ba. Wasu ganye, ciki har da na daji, suna da kyawawan furanni kuma har yanzu suna ba da cin hanci mai kyau.
Alal misali:
Facelia, wanda ake nomawa ta hanyar wucin gadi, yana da matukar sha’awar kudan zuma kuma yana samar da kusan kilogiram 40-50 na Nectar a kowace hekta a daidai lokacin da sauran tsiron zuma ba su yi girma a cikin daji ba.
Karanta: Phacelia da fa’idodinta a matsayin shuka zuma.
Sandar zinariya, mallakar marigayi shuke-shuke zuma, blooms daga karshen Yuni zuwa Satumba. Ganye yana da inflorescences mai launin rawaya mai haske, wanda aka tattara a cikin goga. Daga cikin waɗannan, ƙudan zuma suna ɗaukar pollen da nectar, a matsakaita 50 zuwa 150 kilogiram a kowace hectare (mafi yawan cin hanci an rubuta shi a Poland da Kanada).
Karanta: Darajar itacen zinariya a matsayin shuka zuma.
Mordovnik – ganye tare da kyawawan inflorescences zagaye, wanda aka yi la’akari da shuka zuma ajin farko. Yana fure a tsakiyar lokacin rani, a watan Yuni, Yuli. Ga apiary, nau’ikan iri biyu sune mafi mahimmanci: talakawa da masu kai. Tare da ci gaba da shuka a gona, suna samar da kilogiram 300 zuwa 340 na nectar kowace kadada. A cikin lambun, masu nuna alama za su kasance masu sassaucin ra’ayi, tun da masu mallakar za su ware ƙananan ƙananan mãkirci don shuka zuma.
Karanta: Mordovia mai kaifin baki a matsayin shuka zuma
Hematoma – ba kawai juriya sanyi bi-shekara ko perennial sako, amma kuma mai kyau tushen nectar. Yana da kyawawan furannin violet ko shuɗi masu siffa mara kyau waɗanda aka tattara cikin ƙulli mai ban mamaki. Kudan zuma na kawo kilogiram 300 na zuma daga kadada daya na noman da ake ci gaba da yi. Yana blooms daga shekaru goma na biyu na Yuni.
Karanta: Amfanin kumbura na kowa kamar shuka zuma.
Kan maciji – ganyen mai mai mahimmanci wanda ke ba da cin hanci da rashawa. Furancinsa shuɗi-violet suna fure daga tsakiyar watan Yuli, suna sakin nectar har zuwa farkon Satumba. Lokacin girma, shukar zuma ba ta da fa’ida, amma yana da kula da hasken wuta da haɓakar ƙasa. Yawan aikin nectar ya kai kilogiram 180-200 a kowace kadada.
Karanta: Amfanin Moldova Snakehead a matsayin Shuka na zuma
Dandelion officinalis – Unpretentious farkon flowering perennial, girma ko’ina da yawa. Ana samunsa da yawa duka a tsakiyar layin da kuma cikin gandun daji-steppe, yankin steppe. Flowering yana ɗaukar makonni 2-3 akan matsakaici, farawa a ƙarshen Mayu. Girbin zuma daga wannan kyakkyawan ganye yana ba wa kudan zuma damar sake cika ajiyar gurasar kudan zuma. Yawan aikin Nectar shine kilogiram 14 zuwa 50 a kowace hekta na ci gaba da ɗaukar nauyi.
Itacen zuma yana samun tushe sosai kai tsaye a wurin da ke tsakanin amya, wanda mu da kanmu muka gani. Wannan shuka ce mai amfani ga ƙudan zuma, mara kyau, kyakkyawa yayin fure, kuma yana kawar da datti daga apiary (an ƙirƙira murfin ciyawa mai ci gaba wanda baya buƙatar yankan).
Karanta: Darajar Dandelion a matsayin shuka zuma.
Furannin lambu
Furannin tsire-tsire na zuma a cikin gonar lambu kuma na iya zama na gargajiya, wato, nau’in al’adu da aka yi niyya don dasa shuki a gadaje furanni (ko dangin su na kusa).
Alal misali, wani nau’in aster, wato saline ( ambaliya) yana ba da gudummawar kilogiram 40 zuwa 100 na Nectar a kowace kadada. Wannan biennial yana da furanni masu launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi mai launin rawaya mai haske. Tsawon tushe har zuwa santimita 50. Yana blooms a watan Agusta-Satumba.
A cikin daji, yana tsiro tare da gaɓar bakin teku da ciyayi na saline. Yankin yana kudu maso gabas na yankin Turai na Rasha, Yammacin Siberiya, Kudancin Urals, Caucasus, Kuban, Crimea. A cikin Ukraine, yankin Carpathian.
Echinacea tsarkakakke samu a tsakiyar Ukraine a kusan duk kasar gidaje. Itacen yana da ƙarfi, yana jin tsoron sanyi, yana da ƙarfin fasahar aikin gona: haɓakar iri yayi ƙasa (musamman a cikin ƙasa buɗe), kuma bushes da aka shirya suna yin tushe da wahala. Amma idan tsiron ya yi tushe, ciyawa za ta yi girma a wuri guda har tsawon shekaru 20.
Yana fure a cikin kwanduna masu launin ruwan hoda masu launin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda. Ana iya girma kai tsaye a cikin apiary. Yana daskarewa sosai, amma yana ba da nectar duk lokacin rani ta hanyar fall. Ana yabawa sosai azaman tsire-tsire na magani (an yi amfani da ita don ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar ɗan adam). Za a iya ba da sassan wannan shuka a musayar kuɗi a wuraren tattarawa na musamman don albarkatun magani.
Yawan aiki na nectar shine kimanin kilo 100-150 (bisa ga sake dubawa na masu kiwon zuma na Rasha a yankin Vologda).
Reseda mai kamshi iya Bloom mafi yawan lokacin rani. Daga cikin inflorescences na pyramidal, ƙudan zuma masu tashi da son rai suna tattara pollen da nectar. Itacen yana da kimanin 1,5 ƙananan ƙananan furanni fararen fata, wanda kwari ke ziyarta a cikin yini.
Yawan aiki na nectar shine kilogiram 150-200 a kowace hectare.
Ana iya girma a matsayin shekara-shekara. Propagated da tsaba a cikin bazara. Don shuka, kuna buƙatar zaɓar ƙasa mai laushi, takin ƙasa. A cikin yanayin zafi, yana fure a lokacin rani da kaka, har zuwa Oktoba. A cikin yanayin zafi, yana jure sanyi sosai, amma a lokaci guda yana son zafi da isasshen haske.
Tebur mai ganye biyu (a cikin Ukraine – “itacen daji”) shine tsire-tsire na farkon bazara tare da kyawawan halaye na ado. A cikin yanayi, ana iya samun furen a cikin gandun daji na deciduous.
A waje, ɗan ƙaramin ganye ne, mai kambi tare da inflorescences tare da furanni shuɗi biyu ko uku, ƙasa da yawa fari, babba. Yana fure a ƙarshen Maris a zazzabi na + 7-8 digiri kuma yana ɓoye nectar kusan har zuwa farkon Mayu. A cikin rufaffiyar nau’i, kowane harbi ya rabu da kai mai shuɗi na iya zama na dogon lokaci, amma furen sa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 6-8 kawai.
Yawan aikin Nectar har zuwa kilogiram 72 a kowace kadada. Har ila yau, kudan zuma suna tattara pollen (pollen) masu launin shuɗi da son rai.
Nasturtium Kyakkyawan shekara-shekara na thermophilic wanda yayi kyau akan iyakoki. Yana da tushe na jiki. Ganyen yana da duhu kore, mai zagaye, tare da dogon petiole. Furen suna kaɗaici, an dasa su a kan ƙwanƙwasa mai tsayi, sau da yawa ba su da tsari.
Yakan yi fure a lokacin rani, yana sakin nectar kusan har sai sanyi. Yana da ban sha’awa sosai saboda launi mai haske na furanni (akwai fari, ruwan hoda, rawaya mai haske da nau’in ja na wannan lambun). Bisa ga abin da muka lura, ƙudan zuma masu tashi suna ziyartarsa sosai. Ba a san ainihin yadda ake samar da zuma ba.
Har ila yau, akwai furanni da yawa na tsire-tsire na zuma, masu ban sha’awa ga ƙudan zuma a cikin lambun, akan yawan aikin nectar wanda masu kiwon kudan zuma ba su san komai ba. Cewa:
- chrysanthemums (a cikin kaka mai dumi, ƙudan zuma suna tashi zuwa gare su ko da a cikin Nuwamba!);
- marigolds (a cikin Ukrainian “Chernobryvtsy”);
- daffodils
- dahlias
- calendula (wanda aka fi sani da “calendula”);
- saffron (saffron), da dai sauransu.
Babu shakka, waɗannan nau’ikan furanni suna ba da cin hancin tallafi kawai. Shi ya sa ba a saka su a cikin litattafai na kiwon zuma kan tsire-tsire na zuma ba. Amma wannan ba ya tsoma baki tare da dasa shuki a cikin lambun, jawowa da kuma ƙarfafa ƙudan zuma suyi aiki.
