Itacen zuma na hawthorn shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire ko tsire-tsire masu yawa waɗanda ke cikin dangin fure. A cikin duka, akwai kusan nau’ikan 47. Dukansu kyawawan tsire-tsire ne na zuma.
Itacen yana tsiro a cikin yankuna masu zafi na Arewacin Amurka da kuma cikin Eurasia. A lokaci guda, ba ya yadu sosai a kan yankin Rasha da Ukraine, saboda haka ba shi yiwuwa a samar da tarin zuma mai kyau a kasuwa.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 bayanin
- 2 Mahimmanci a harkar noma
- 3 Agrotechnical
- 4 Yawan aikin zuma
- 5 Kaddarorin masu amfani
bayanin
Tsayin shuka ya dogara da nau’in da halaye na tsarin. Dajin na iya girma har zuwa mita 5 tsayi kuma hawthorn yana girma har zuwa mita 12.
A cikin mafi yawan nau’in, ƙananan ƙananan harbe da axils na ganye suna rufe da ƙaya na tsayi daban-daban (3 zuwa 12 cm). Ganyen suna da tsayi, masu launi uku, tare da gefuna marasa daidaituwa. Furen na iya zama ja, fari ko ruwan hoda; launi ya dogara da nau’in hawthorn. Located a sosai tukwici na matasa a kaikaice harbe.
Lokacin flowering yana daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Tsawon lokacin yana kusan kwanaki 15.
Mahimmanci a harkar noma
Ana iya samun shrub a ko’ina cikin yanayi a kan gefuna na gandun daji, da wuraren da ake sharewa, da kuma ƙarƙashin ƙananan bishiyoyi masu tsayi.
Wannan nau’in ana horar da shi azaman shuka ornamental. Ana amfani da shi don gyaran gyare-gyare a cikin wuraren shakatawa na birane, kare gandun daji, a cikin shinge na gidajen rani.
Iri
Nau’o’in da aka fi sani:
Harshen Espino – shahararrun nau’in kudancin. Yana girma sosai a cikin ƙasashen Ukrainian. Ba ya son busassun wurare. Yana da ƙanana, sirara, madaidaiciyar kashin baya.
nau’in Siberian ya bambanta da sauran hawthorn ta hanyar jure sanyi. Yana da ƙarancin buƙata akan haske. Mafi sau da yawa, daji za a iya samu a cikin yanayi a warwatse gandun daji da kuma tare da bankunan koguna. Kashin baya na iya kaiwa tsayi mai tsayi (har zuwa santimita 3-4). Inflorescences fari ne.
Agrotechnical
Ana amfani da hawthorn na kowa don aikin lambu. Ana girma musamman don manufar ƙirƙirar shinge-jere guda ɗaya. An kafa shinge masu aminci ta hanyar haɗuwa da manyan rassan bushes.
Don wannan, ana shuka tsire-tsire a nesa na 30 centimeters daga juna.
A cikin shekarar farko ta bazara, ya kamata a yanke tsoffin rassan, barin 6-10 centimeters daga ƙasa. Bayan haka, daji da yawa yana barin ƙananan harbe. Daga cikin waɗannan, harbe biyu sun kasance, mafi dacewa da saƙa, kuma sauran an yanke su a ƙarshen Yuli.
A cikin bazara na shekara ta biyu, an yanke rassan hagu a rabi. Wannan hanya stimulates da m girma na sabon harbe. Mafi ƙarfi babba toho ya bar har zuwa shekara ta gaba. A nan gaba, za a yi amfani da shi don samar da abin da ake kira daidai net-kamar masana’anta. Ba a yanke harbe-harbe na gefe.
A cikin bazara na uku, reshe mai gudanarwa (shekarar da ta gabata) an rage shi zuwa na biyu ko tsakiyar mashaya na trellis. Duk rassan gefen an yanke su zuwa santimita 6-10. A cikin wannan shekara, sababbin harbe suna girma, wanda a nan gaba zai cika sel mara kyau na nama.
A cikin shekara ta huɗu, dole ne a sake maimaita hanya. A wannan lokacin, daji zai girma har zuwa mita daya da rabi a tsayi.
Kauri irin wannan shingen wicker ya kai santimita 20 kawai. Suna ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, amma suna buƙatar kulawa akai-akai. Kowace shekara mai zuwa, ana dasa daji tare da shears na lambu, wanda ke ba shinge mai rai da kyau. A cikin shekaru 10-11, shinge ya zama shinge mai ƙarfi mai ban mamaki wanda zai dace daidai da kowane ƙirar shimfidar wuri.
Yawan aikin zuma
Hawthorn, a matsayin tsire-tsire na zuma, shuka ce mai samar da ƙoƙon ƙoƙon ƙoshin lafiya kuma mai ɗaukar pollen.
Daga hekta daya na gonaki, ƙudan zuma na iya kawo zuma mai nauyin kilo 80 zuwa 100 a kasuwa a kowace kakar.
Pollen da aka tattara yana da launin rawaya mai haske kuma yana da ƙamshin dabi’ar shuka kanta.
Hawthorn zuma iri-iri ne da ba kasafai ba.! Yana da launi mai duhu, yana da ɗanɗano kaɗan kuma yana da daraja sosai a cikin magungunan jama’a. Yana crystalliizes wata daya bayan famfo daga cikin zuma. Ga mazaunan kudan zuma, hawthorn nectar shine cin hanci mai mahimmanci na tallafi a ƙarshen bazara.
Kaddarorin masu amfani
Bisa ga sanannun magani, zuma na hawthorn monofloral yana taimakawa:
- yadda ya kamata jimre wa rashin barci da dizziness, kuma sauƙaƙa spasms na jijiyoyin bugun gini;
- kawar da damuwa da tashin hankali bayan rana mai wuya a aiki;
- shawo kan rauni a lokacin sanyi;
- daidaita ma’aunin hormonal na jikin mace yayin menopause.
Ana ɗaukar zumar Hawthorn mai matuƙar mahimmanci wajen taimakon zuciya da rigakafin cututtukan zuciya. Ana ba da shawarar zuciya don amfani da samfurin don hana ischemia na zuciya da bugun zuciya.
