Idan mai kiwon kudan zuma yana da ƙwarewar aikin kafinta ko kuma a shirye yake ya koyi yadda ake yin ta, zai iya yin kudan zuma da hannunsa a cikin bitarsa ta gida. Haɗin kai zai adana zuba jari a cikin apiary kuma ya ba ku dama don gwaji tare da zaɓaɓɓen zane.
Misali mai ban mamaki na irin wannan zamani mai amfani shine ƙara girman jiki a cikin amya masu ƙaho har zuwa murabba’i 10-12. Ana yin hakan ne lokacin da cin hanci ya yawaita a yankin.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Bukatun bukatun
- 2 kayan aiki
- 3 Nau’in gidajen kudan zuma
- 3.1 Mafi mashahuri samfura
- 4 Siffofin gini
- 5 Kayan aiki da kayan aiki
Bukatun bukatun
Don yin hive kudan zuma na DIY, kuna buƙatar la’akari da mahimman buƙatun:
- gidan dole ne ya kasance mai sauƙi mai sauƙi kuma mai dacewa don aiki;
- Dole ne a samar da ingantaccen kariya daga kwari daga danshi, zafi da sanyi;
- ana buƙatar isassun iska;
- a cikin ƙarar hive, ana yin la’akari da ci gaban gida (faɗin wurinsa).
Lokacin da yazo da ginin, kowane shahararren samfurin ya dace. Duk da haka, lokacin zabar nau’in amya, yana da kyau a jagorance ku ta hanyar kwarewar masu kiwon kudan zuma na gida waɗanda suka san abin da ya fi dacewa ga wani yanki da nau’in ƙudan zuma.
kayan aiki
Duk da gabatarwar nau’ikan kayan zamani daban-daban, irin su polystyrene, a cikin masana’antar kiwon zuma, har yanzu ana la’akari da softwood mafi kyawun zaɓi na ƙudan zuma.
itace – Abokan muhalli da cikakken aminci abu tare da kyawawan halaye masu kyau. Yana da kusanci kamar yadda zai yiwu zuwa wurin zama na ƙudan zuma.
Don masana’anta, ana ɗaukar busassun itace tare da abun ciki mai damshi wanda bai wuce kashi 15-16 ba. Fir, Linden, Aspen, Pine, spruce da allon al’ul suna da isasshen ƙarfi kuma a lokaci guda santsi a cikin aiki.
Abubuwan da suka fi tsada sune linden da aspen. Conifers zai zama mai rahusa ga masu, amma wajibi ne don sarrafa ingancin bushewa: sabo ne allon emit mai yawa guduro, kuma wannan adversely rinjayar ƙudan zuma.
Bayan taro, ana fentin gidajen, a sanya su a ciki, sannan a fentin su da fenti mai haske.
Kuna iya karanta:
Yadda ake canza launin kudan zuma yadda ya kamata
Zaɓin launin fenti don kudan zuma hive
Plate Wani sanannen nau’in kayan tushen itace ne. Yana da karfi da haske. Duk da haka, ba ya samar da mafi kyawun yanayin zafi don hunturu, kuma wannan muhimmin batu ne. Tsoron hazo.
Mafi dacewa don hawan gidaje na ciki na ƙirar bango biyu kamar su Cebro hives. Ana iya amfani dashi don kari na kantin sayar da kayayyaki da sassan jiki waɗanda aka sawa a cikin lokacin dumi. Daga gare ta tattara cores, swarm tarkuna, šaukuwa kwalaye a cikin abin da zai iya dan wani dan lokaci yadudduka, swarms na ƙudan zuma.
vulcanized fiberKamar plywood, baya jurewa babban zafi. Ana iya amfani dashi don ganuwar ciki da kari na kantin sayar da kayayyaki. Ba abu ne mai amfani ba don yin amyar kudan zuma gaba ɗaya daga allon fiber. Ana ɗaukar kayan da ba a dogara da shi ba a cikin sabis idan an yi amfani da bangon waje.
Styrofoam (PPS) – zamani abu, rayayye rare don amfani a apiaries. Amya suna da dumi sosai. Yankunan kudan zuma suna mamaye da kyau sosai, suna samun ƙarfi da sauri a cikin bazara. Wadannan halaye sun lura da kyau ta hanyar masana’antun kasashen waje. Misali, shahararrun samfuran akwatin kudan zuma na Finnish an yi su ne da PPP.
Rashin lahani na PPP sun haɗa da ƙananan nauyi da raguwa. Ana iya hura fitilun fitillu da iska mai ƙarfi. Ba su da kariya daga harin beraye da tsuntsaye.
Ya dace don yin aiki tare da ma’aikatan koyarwa a cikin wani bita a gida. Kuna iya karanta game da shi a nan:
Samar da amya daga faɗuwar faranti na polystyrene.
Muhimmin batu: Dole ne a biya mafi girman hankali ga samun iska! Idan ka yi watsi da wannan, nests za su zama m. Kuma yawan tururin ruwa yana raunana garkuwar ƙudan zuma sosai.
Polyfoam – daya daga cikin mafi arha kayan. Yana nufin polymers, kamar PPS. Yana da ƙananan yawa, gaggautsa da haske. Saboda haka duk rashin amfani: rashin zaman lafiya a cikin iska mai ƙarfi, rashin juriya ga kwari, rashin haƙuri ga hasken rana kai tsaye (an lalata shi da sauri).
Ana iya yin amya a matsayin madadin gidaje masu tsada waɗanda aka yi daga faɗaɗa polystyrene (PPS) ko kumfa polyurethane (PPU). Amma a aikace, aikin ya nuna rashin ƙarfi na kayan.
Yana da kyau a yi amfani da kumfa azaman insulator. ƙwararrun makiyayan kudan zuma suna sanya wani yanki na Styrofoam akan bene na rufin ko amfani da shi don rufe ragamar samun iska a ƙasa.
Hakanan zaka iya yin rumbun kudan zuma da hannunka. wanda aka yi da kumfa polyurethane (PPU)ba ya jawo rodents. Kamar kowane polyurethane foam polymer, yana da juriya ga danshi, lalata kuma yana riƙe da zafi sosai. Babban hasara shine danshi yana tarawa da sauri a cikin rufaffiyar sarari na gidan. Sabili da haka, samun iskar iska mai kyau anan shine abin da ake buƙata don kiyaye lafiyar kudan zuma mazauna.
Nau’in gidajen kudan zuma
Gidajen kudan zuma sun bambanta da ƙira, wanda gaba ɗaya ya dogara da nau’in, girman, da kuma amfani da hive.
An zaɓi hive la’akari da yanayin yanayi na wani yanki na musamman, manufofin mai kiwon kudan zuma: kiyayewa ko ƙaura, nau’in ƙudan zuma da ƙarfin tarin zuma. Duk waɗannan abubuwan sananne ne ga masu kiwon zuma waɗanda suka yi kamun kifi shekaru da yawa. Yin shawarwari tare da su shine mabuɗin nasara ga masu farawa.
Hives sune manyan kayan aikin kowace masana’antar kiwon zuma. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi kuskure a cikin zaɓinku, saboda canza nau’in ƙudan zuma abu ne mai tsada da ɗaukar lokaci.
Mafi mashahuri samfura
Masu masana’anta waɗanda ke samar da samfuran yau da kullun na tsarin hive daban-daban sun raba su:
- a cikin monocoque (watau Dadans tare da kari);
- don ƙwanƙwasa biyu (ɓangarorin gida biyu tare da kari);
- don multihulls (kwalkwali da yawa ko kwalkwali 3-4 da kari);
- kuma a cikin falo (tare da ko ba tare da kari ba).
Hives, wanda ci gaban yankunan kudan zuma ke faruwa a cikin jirgin sama a kwance, sun dace da apiaries na tsaye. Suna dacewa da masu kiwon kudan zuma masu novice: lokacin nazarin nests, suna bayyane gaba ɗaya.
Akwai nau’ikan wuraren kwana da rana. Classic-gwajin lokaci: gida don maki 20 ko 24. Wani zaɓi shine Ukrainian loungers sun tsara don kunkuntar firam (inverted 90 digiri).
Kuna iya yin rumbun kudan zuma da hannuwanku ta yin amfani da zane-zane da shawarwari daga labarai masu zuwa:
Yadda ake hada ɗakin kwana na kudan zuma da hannuwanku.
Ukrainian rumfar kudan zuma
Plank Bed ta Fedor Lazutin
Vladimirsky sunbed
Kudan zuma 16 Frames
Shahararren iri-iri na biyu shine zane-zane mai nau’ikan jiki, wanda a cikin gida yana tasowa a tsaye. Samfuran riser kuma sun bambanta sosai.
Sigar al’ada ita ce Langstroth-Root 10-frame multihive hive:
Hidimar masu kiwon zuma na Amurka LL Langstroth da AI Ruta
Kuma mashahuran lif (a tsaye) a Rasha sune hives na Dadan-Blatt, waɗanda aka haɗe daga ginin gida da kuma ƙarin tanti guda biyu. Idan an maye gurbin tantuna tare da cikakken yanki, kuna samun gida mai kashi biyu.
Kuna iya karanta yadda ake yin ƙudan zuma a nan:
Dadanovsky hive: halaye, abũbuwan amfãni, yi.
Dadan of 12 frames
Kudan zuma na Dadant don firam 10 da 12: wanne ya fi kyau kuma me yasa
Mun sake jaddada cewa an zaɓi nau’in amya bisa tarin zuma da halayen yanayi na wani yanki. Ayyukan kiwon kudan zuma na nuna a sarari cewa rabin firam ɗin shimfidar tantuna sun fi sauƙin aiki fiye da cikakkun gine-gine (gidaje).
Abubuwan haɓaka sun fi sauƙi. Kuma lokacin yin famfo zuma, rabin firam ɗin sun fi dacewa don ‘yanci daga ƙudan zuma, buga da cire samfurin ƙarshe daga gare su. Irin waɗannan firam ɗin saƙar zuma ba a ƙi su ba sau da yawa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a ƙirƙiri babban jari daga cikinsu. A sakamakon haka, ana iya yin famfo a ƙarshen babban ruwa, ba tare da damuwa game da rashin ƙasa ba.
Za a iya samun zane-zane na wasu ƙirar kwalkwali a nan:
Kudan zuma wanda Mikhail Palivoda ya tsara (tare da ƙahoni)
Kudan zuma wanda Vladimir Petrovich Tsebro ya tsara
Hive Boa na Vladimir Davydov
Ƙaƙwalwar boa, musamman, na cikin ƙananan amya. Girman firam ɗin saƙar zuma yana da faɗi 280 da tsayi 110. Za a iya ɗaga sashin jiki a motsa ba tare da cire saƙar zuma ba.
Ana amfani da matakan tsaye (a tsaye) sosai wajen kiwon zumar makiyaya. Suna ɗaukar sarari kaɗan akan dandamali ko tirela. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya shigar da gidajen a kan benaye biyu ko uku, tun lokacin da yankunan ƙudan zuma waɗanda ba su riga sun sami ƙarfi ba suna aika zuwa gadaje masu fure.
Wani bayani mai ban sha’awa don yawo a kusa shine kaset hives, wanda ke da irin wannan zane ga masu zane.… Ba lallai ba ne don sauke su. Ana aiwatar da sabis ɗin kai tsaye akan dandamali. Sauƙaƙawar zauren, mai kiwon kudan zuma ya fitar da kaset ɗin ya bincika wuraren da kudan zuma ke zaune.
Kowane gida yana da shinge daga babban sarari tare da sassan plywood a kwance. Kuma kaset ɗin da kansu an sanya su akan sandunan jagora da aka ɗora a bangon gefe.
A zahiri, wannan tsari ne mai bango biyu. An haɗa harsashi na waje na gaba ɗaya daga allon kauri na 35mm. A ciki, ana saka kaset ɗin da ke ɗauke da kudan zuma a cikin sandunan jagora.
Siffofin gini
Ba shi yiwuwa a yi hive don ƙudan zuma da hannuwanku ba tare da lura da nisa tsakanin firam ɗin saƙar zuma ba.
Ana ba da shawarar barin tazara:
- 37-38 mm tsakanin firam ɗin saƙar zuma (wannan shine nisa daga tsakiyar mashaya na sama zuwa tsakiyar firam ɗin kusa da shi);
- 7,5-8 mm tsakanin ganuwar da bangarorin firam.
Hakanan, kauri na kowane firam ɗin saƙar zuma shine 2,5cm ko 25mm. Shawarwari daidai ne ga kowane zane!
Sassan jiki na yawancin samfura suna haɗuwa ta amfani da hanyar panel – an haɗa allunan a cikin harshe da tsagi. Ana manne mahaɗin tare da manne mai hana ruwa. Yawanci akwai alluna biyu zuwa uku a kowace garkuwa, gwargwadon fadinta.
murfin yana iya zama:
- Sashen;
- zubar da gangara baya;
- gable tare da tsakiyar layi.
Ana tabbatar da gangaren baya ta hanyar ɗaure: an yi gaban gaba sama da baya, an yanke ganuwar gefen daidai.
Ana amfani da kayan rufi a matsayin kayan rufin rufin (mafi arha kuma mafi yawan zaɓin da ba za a iya dogara da shi ba), tin ko galvanized baƙin ƙarfe. A cikin mafi yawan samfuran zamani, ana yin kariya daga hazo ta hanyar gilashin ruwa. Wannan shafi yana ɗaukar amo kuma zai šauki tsawon shekaru.
Ana iya shigar a ƙarƙashin bene. rufin rufin – Anan ana sanya katifu masu dumama, ana sanya masu shayarwa, masu ciyarwa tare da syrup sukari. A lokacin safarar kudan zuma mazauna, ana sanya firam a nan, tare da ragamar karfe, wanda ke hana tururi da mutuwar kwari.
Rufi an taru daga alluna daban daban. Wani lokaci ana ƙwanƙwasa su don dacewa tare da ratsi na musamman daga slats. A wannan yanayin, rufin ya fi sauƙi don cirewa da sake shigarwa. An shigar da rufin a kan sanduna na sama na firam ɗin alveolar, yana hutawa a kan kabu na ganuwar.
.Asa taru daga garkuwa da tube. Dangane da zane, yana faruwa:
- m – ƙusa ga ganuwar akwatin;
- m – da yardar kaina retractable kuma maye gurbinsu idan ya cancanta.
Kit ɗin na iya haɗawa da bango biyu a lokaci guda. Ana shigar da kurame a lokacin hunturu don adana zafi, kuma ana amfani da raga a lokacin dumi (misali, ana yin wannan a cikin amya mai ƙaho) don inganta samun iska.
sassan jiki An kifar da su kwalayen alluna huɗu. An zaɓi folds tare da bangon gaba da baya a cikin su; An yi ƙullun don rataye firam ɗin saƙar zuma. A bangon gaba, ana hako ramukan famfo don motsin ƙudan zuma na kyauta.
An kammala jikin falon tare da ƙasa mara cirewa, yana da ramukan sha biyu, ƙasa da tsakiyar jirgin gaba. Ana iya raba shi da manyan kantuna zuwa sassa daban-daban don kula da yankin kudan zuma biyu ko fiye a ƙarƙashin rufin ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, za a sami ƙarin shigarwar.
Dole ne a haɗe shi zuwa jiki. jirgi isowa – Ga ƙudan zuma maɗaukaka da ƙudan zuma da pollen. Wannan “waƙa” na wucin gadi ya zama dole ga kowane gidan kudan zuma. Yana iya zama m tare da kasa ko collapsible, dakatar a kan hinges tare da gaban bango na hive. Tsarin nadawa ya fi dacewa, kamar yadda za’a iya cire allon a lokacin hunturu don kare shi daga beraye ko lokacin sufuri.
Ana nuna misalin yadda ake haɗa sashin jiki a cikin bidiyon horo mai zuwa:
Stores ko na’urorin haɗi ta hanyar zane, suna kama da kwalkwali tare da bambanci kawai cewa tsayin su zai zama ƙasa. An shigar da rabin firam anan.
Don sauƙaƙe haɗuwa da kwanciyar hankali, duk abubuwan da ke cikin gidajen suna da tsagi tare da waje da ciki na ganuwar. A wasu samfurori, ana ba da ƙarin tallafi, alal misali, akwai “ƙaho” da aka yi da sanduna a cikin amya na Palivoda.
Kunshin kuma dole ya haɗa da:
- Diaphragms (plug-in faranti)An tattara daga 14mm lokacin farin ciki tube. Suna rataye daga folds kamar na yau da kullun na saƙar zuma. Wasu masu kiwon kudan zuma suna amfani da igiyoyin roba a kewayen kewayen farantin da aka saka don dacewa.
- Rarraba grid – ana amfani da su a tsaye don hana motsin sarauniya a cikin gida.
- Firam ɗin saƙar zuma… A cikin ƙira ɗaya, ba su bambanta da sauran firam ɗin ba. Alal misali, a kan boa constrictors, ƙahonin amya, 10-frame Multi-Hull model (idan ba a shigar da kari!).
- Rabin firamana amfani da su a cikin kari na kantin sayar da kayayyaki. Akwai nau’ikan amya da aka gina na musamman akan firam ɗin tanti, misali ƙaho da maƙarƙashiyar boa.
Kuna iya karanta game da haɗa firam ɗin da hannuwanku anan:
Yadda ake yin firam ɗin kudan zuma
Kayan aiki da kayan aiki
Ba shi yiwuwa a yi hive na kowane zane ba tare da kayan aiki na musamman ba. Samun na’ura mai inganci a cikin bitar gida yana da mahimmanci.
A kan wane samfurin wannan kayan aikin za ku iya ba da fifiko, karanta a nan:
Wace inji za a zaɓa don yin rumbun kudan zuma
Kuma wannan labarin yana kallon zaɓuɓɓuka masu ban sha’awa don raka’a na gida don aiki tare da itace:
Na’ura mai aikin katako na Gida
Mafi ƙarancin kayan aikin da malami yakamata ya samu shine:
- guduma
- stamens
- rawar jiki tare da saitin rawar jiki;
- murabba’ai, mai mulki, ma’aunin tef don auna guda;
- screwdriver ko screwdrivers don aiki tare da sukurori masu ɗaukar kai.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in nuna cewa amya na gida na iya samun girma na asali da gyare-gyaren tsari. Wannan shine babban amfani da ginin gida. Ba shi da fa’ida kaɗan don kera daidai gwargwadon zane; A sakamakon haka, za ku sami gida mai inganci wanda ya wuce duk gwaje-gwajen da ake bukata a aikace, amma sau 4-5 ya fi rahusa fiye da samfurin masana’anta.
