Manyan apiaries suna aiki duk shekara. Don samun adadin da aka tsara na samfuran kudan zuma, ya zama dole don bincika amya akai-akai, kula da tsabtarsu da lafiyar kwari. Duk hanyoyin ya kamata a yi a kan lokaci, kada a manta da ƙananan abubuwa.
Ana maimaita ayyukan kula da gonar kudan zuma kowace shekara. Duk da haka, tunawa da jerin su ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba, don haka an samar da kalanda na musamman don jagorantar masu kiwon zuma. Tushen hada shi shine yanayin rayuwar kwari na shekara.
Kalanda Kalanda na Kiwon zuma
Ana yin rikodin sakamakon sa ido kan yankunan kudan zuma a cikin hanyoyin tantancewa. Kowane apiary ya kamata ya kasance da su. Ana ƙidaya Roy da gidansa a ƙarƙashin lambar da aka ba mace mai kiwo. Rubuce-rubucen rajista:
- yanayin iyali (jurewa, canjin girma);
- manyan abubuwan da suka faru (cututtuka, swarms, wintering);
- ayyukan da aka yi bisa ga jadawalin mai kiwon zuma (daga tsaftacewa zuwa magani);
- yawan kayayyakin da aka samu a lokacin kakar.
Yin rajista ya rubuta yanayin yanayin, lokutan furanni na tsire-tsire na zuma.
A ƙarshen zagayowar shekara-shekara, kuna buƙatar bincika sakamakonku, kimanta sakamakon ayyukan. Kuna iya ci gaba zuwa kammala wannan jarida mai zuwa.
Don tunani!
Kwatanta bayanai a cikin shekaru da yawa yana taimakawa wajen ƙayyade mafi kyawun yanayi don matsakaicin yawan amfanin kudan zuma don ƙara tasirin haɓakar samar da samfuran da suka dace.
Masu kiwon kudan zuma suna ƙayyade lokacin da lokaci ya yi don aiwatar da ayyukan, suna mai da hankali kan jerin ayyuka na wajibi. Ana yin kalandar mai kiwon zuma la’akari da muhimman ayyukan kwari na wata-wata, amma kwanakinsa na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin yanayin yankin.
Ayyukan kudan zuma a duk shekara
Dole ne mai kula da kudan zuma yayi aiki bisa ga halin da ake ciki kuma ya aiwatar da ƙarin aiki, idan ya cancanta, amma ba a nuna a cikin kalanda ba.
Nasiha ga Mafarin Kudan zuma
Aikin mai kiwon kudan zuma idan yana son samun zuma mai yawa da tsawaita rayuwar kwari, shine ya taimaka musu cikin lokaci. Ga mai kiwon kudan zuma na farko, aikin yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙe ta kasancewar kalanda, yana da mahimmanci musamman a gare shi ya bi lokacin aiki.
Don tunani!
Ya kamata mafari ya fara da yankunan kudan zuma 2-6. Kulawa da yawa yana da sauƙi. Ba’a ba da shawarar kiyaye kwari su saba da sauran yanayin yanayi, yana da kyau a zaɓi nau’ikan gida.
Mai kiwon kudan zuma yana buƙatar himma da lura don lura da nuances daban-daban a cikin halayen ƙudan zuma. Bayan lokaci, tare da gogewa, zaku iya fahimtar abin da dangin kwari ke buƙata kuma ku haɓaka hanyoyin ku na kula da su. Duk da haka, kalandar mai kiwon zuma za ta kasance babban mataimakinsa koyaushe.
Yi aiki a cikin apiary na watanni
Wasu masu kiwon kudan zuma sun yi imanin cewa shekarar kwari tana farawa a watan Fabrairu, lokacin da suka fi aiki kuma suna sa qwai. Wasu kuma sun yi imanin cewa ƙarshen lokacin ya zo daidai da ƙarshen girbin zuma (Agusta bisa kalandar), kuma farkon shirye-shiryen lokacin hunturu yana buɗe sabuwar shekara ga ƙudan zuma.
Amma yadda ake rarraba aikin da watanni ba ya canzawa, saboda manufarsa ita ce samar da yanayi mai kyau ga ƙudan zuma don haɓaka samfurori.
Ayyukan kiwon zuma
Janairu
Lokacin hunturu na ƙudan zuma yana ci gaba bisa ga kalandar. Dole ne mai kula da kudan zuma ya lura da yadda suke jure wa lokacin sanyi, kula da zafin jiki da zafi da ake so, ba da kariya daga kwari da daidaita samun iska.
Bugu da ƙari, jin hayaniya a cikin amya sau 2-3 a wata (yana da al’ada lokacin da ba shi da ƙarfi), mai kula da kudan zuma yana buƙatar sanya abin da aka saka tare da fim a saman kasa don kare shi daga digon da ke fadowa daga ɗigon ruwa. firam. Bayan kowane defrost, dole ne a cire ruwan.
A karshen watan Janairu, ana buƙatar kammala dubawa da shirye-shiryen kayan aiki masu mahimmanci.
Fabrairu
Kamar yadda kalandar mai kiwon zuma ta nuna, lokacin sanyi yana kan girma. Yayin da zafin iska ya karu, sarauniya sun fara kwanciya matasa, saboda haka ayyukan da ake amfani da su da cin abinci suna karuwa. Kudan zuma sun fara shan ruwan da ke gudana zuwa kasan hita.
Wajibi ne don inganta samun iska na gidajen ƙudan zuma, tsaftace hanyoyin shiga matattu (gawawwakin kwari), sharar gida. Mai kiwon zuma yana buƙatar sauraron hayaniya a cikin hita mako-mako, duba ramin shiga don alamun zawo. Bayan 20th, an bada shawarar sanya sutura tare da additives na magani.
Maris
Da farkon spring, beekeepers bukatar tsaftace pallets, gudanar da magani magani. Suna sarrafa ragowar abinci (zuma da pollen), kawar da combs lalacewa ta hanyar mold. Ana ciyar da kudan zuma ta hanyar ƙara firam ɗin da aka cika da yawa ko kullu mai daɗi (haɗe da sukarin foda). Dole ne a kula don tabbatar da samuwar mai ruwa.
Maris bisa kalandar mai kiwon kudan zuma shine watan da tashin farko ya faru bayan sanyi. An kawar da amya a cikin sararin sama daga dusar ƙanƙara, gidajen kayan aiki sun fara fita zuwa sararin samaniya. Yana da kyau a saurari hayaniyar tarkon sau 2-3 a mako (kafin tashi).
Bayan jiran zafin jiki na 15-16 ° C a cikin haske (akalla 8 ° C a cikin inuwa), an buɗe amya na sama. Kudan zuma masu lafiya suna tashi tare don tsaftace hanji.
abril
Bisa ga kalandar, furen tsire-tsire na zuma yana farawa kuma kwari suna kawo nectar tare da pollen. Wannan cin hanci na farko yana ba da lissafi na maturation na ƙãre samfurin.
An sabunta abun da ke ciki na kudan zuma mazauna a kan kudi na matasa dabbobi. Ana buƙatar mai kiwon kudan zuma ya samar da abinci na kwari tare da zuma, burodin kudan zuma, syrup ruwa, don samar da amya tare da firam ɗin da aka yi da kakin zuma. Wani aiki kuma shine tabbatar da cewa yanayin zafi ya kasance a matakin da aka yarda da shi, don rufe gidajen kafin sanyin dare.
A cikin kalandar mai kula da kudan zuma na Afrilu, an shirya bincikar bazara na swarms a cikin apiary. Wajibi ne a tantance wanene daga cikinsu ya raunana a lokacin hunturu, ya rasa mata masu haihuwa. Ana hada gulmar da bata cika da wacce a cikinta akwai sarauniya, ko kuma a aiko musu da wata budurwa daga wata hija. Mallakan ƙudan zuma sun yi rauni sosai, an kawar da guragu.
mayo
Fadada dangin kudan zuma suna buƙatar karuwa a cikin yanki na gidaje, in ba haka ba za su fara yin yawo. Saboda haka, sun sa a cikin ƙarin sassan amya a cikin bazara.
Ƙudan zuma suna rayayye sake gina combs, kawo cin hanci da rashawa, kiwon zuriya. Suna buƙatar ciyarwa akai-akai tare da syrup mai zaki, magani don ticks.
Masu kiwon zuma sun raba yankuna masu karfi zuwa sassa 2 ta hanyar cike amya mara kyau. Har ila yau, suna inganta ingancin swarms, dasa ƙudan zuma masu ƙarfi da lafiya a cikin yankunan da ba su da ƙarfi, suna canja wurin su combs tare da ƙwai, maye gurbin tsofaffin sarakuna.
junio
Kiwo zuriyar ƙudan zuma, ci gaba da fadada iyalai. Don kauce wa swarming bisa ga jadawali, kana bukatar ka sake ƙara yankin na amya tare da ƙarin sassa, bude famfo ramukan domin iska ya kwarara. Kada gidaje su yi zafi sosai; idan ya cancanta, yana da daraja ƙirƙirar inuwa a kansu.
Yanzu ne lokacin da za a cire zuma: wasu daga cikin kakin zuma suna cike da ganima da balagagge daga tsire-tsire na zuma. Ana maye gurbin firam ɗin da aka cire da waɗanda babu komai. Yana yiwuwa a cire cika combs kawai bayan an tattara isassun kayan aiki don lokacin hunturu.
Ana dakatar da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi na ɗan lokaci don kada su guba zumar. Zaka iya amfani da decoctions na Pine, ganye (misali, thyme).
julio
A kalandar mai kiwon zuma, lokacin zafi ya zo. Yawancin tsire-tsire na zuma suna fure, kwari suna aiki sosai, kamar masu kiwon zuma. A lokacin babban cin hanci, ana samar da mafi yawan adadin zuma a kowace kakar.
Mai kiwon kudan zuma ya kamata ya maye gurbin firam ɗin da babu komai a ciki kamar yadda ake buƙata, yana ba da sarari kyauta don sanya cin hancin da aka kawo. A ci gaba da zuga zumar. A ƙarƙashin kyawawan yanayi, zaku iya samun adadi mai yawa na samfuran kudan zuma masu inganci.
Augusto
Ayyukan da ke cikin apiary ya mutu don Mai Ceton Farko (tsakiyar Agusta bisa ga kalanda). Yawancin tsire-tsire na zuma sun shuɗe, yawan kwarara ya ragu sosai. An fara raguwa saboda korar jirage marasa matuka. Mahaifa a cikin gida yana rage yawan kama kwai. Domin kwari su haifi ‘ya’ya masu karfi, suna buƙatar ciyar da su abubuwan gina jiki.
Mai kula da kudan zuma yana buƙatar cire wasu sassan gidajen, cire faifan fanko kuma ya bayyana adadin ajiyar lokacin hunturu. Ana cire ragi don yin zuƙowa zuma, an cire samfurin maras kyau. Bayan haka, ana iya aiwatar da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Satumba
Fall yana farawa ne kawai, amma bisa ga kalandar kudan zuma, lokaci yayi da za a shirya don hunturu. Beekeepers cire wuce haddi hive sassan, talauci cika Frames, da tsabta da kuma disinfect su, narke kakin zuma combs.
Wajibi ne a duba zumar da aka tattara don barin zuma mai kyau don hunturu. Idan ya cancanta, ƙara firam tare da gurasar kudan zuma (1-2 guda), zuma mai tsabta.
Ƙudan zuma suna gina shaguna masu gina jiki a cikin jiki, sau da yawa sukan tashi daga cikin hive. Adadin su yana raguwa saboda mutuwar tsofaffin ƙudan zuma. Ƙarshe ƙaramar girma ta ƙyanƙyashe.
Har zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba, kuna buƙatar shirya suturar zuma ta ƙarshe, sannan kuma magani don ticks.
Oktoba
Lokacin da yanayi ya yi sanyi, kwari suna taruwa a cikin gidan, kuma a lokacin zafi, suna yin jirgin na ƙarshe don tsaftace hanji bisa kalandar. Sai dai a yankunan kudanci, ayyukansu masu muhimmanci na ci gaba na dan lokaci.
Yana da kyau a yi maganin ƙudan zuma tare da maganin kaska ta hanyar fesa thermally. Ba kwa buƙatar ciyarwa.
A beekeeper ne tsunduma a cikin kadaici da amya, samun iska. An rufe ƙofofin sama gaba ɗaya, na ƙasa kaɗan.
Ana sanya amya sau da yawa a cikin ɗakunan hunturu a wuraren da ke da ƙarancin zafi da iska mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da aka canza gidajen zuwa ɗakin da aka shirya, suna buƙatar kariya daga kwari.
Nuwamba
Bisa ga kalandar, akwai lokacin hunturu. A watan Nuwamba, kudan zuma suna yin barci a cikin gidansu, suna taruwa a cikin wani tudu mai yawa (club).
Mai kula da kudan zuma yana samar da kwararar iska mai dadi, yana tabbatar da cewa an rufe murfin hive sosai. Ya kamata a rufe ɗakunan waje da dusar ƙanƙara don kare su daga sanyi.
yaudara
Wannan shine lokacin don ƙananan damuwa: swarm ba ya aiki, yana cin abinci kadan, ya tattara cikin gida a lokacin hunturu. Wata daya ya rage a kalandar har zuwa karshen shekara.
Mai kiwon zuma yana buƙatar sarrafa kwari kowane kwanaki 10-15, yana sauraron hayaniyar su. Babban abu shi ne cewa an halicci duk yanayi (zazzabi mai dadi da zafi, isasshen iska, kariya daga rodents).
Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun shagaltu da yin firam, gyaran amya, kayan aikin dubawa. Idan ya cancanta, sai su sanya amya a waje.
Tare da kulawa da hankali, kula da ƙudan zuma, kiwon kudan zuma zai yi nasara, kwari za su adana adadi mai yawa na samfurori masu amfani a lokacin kakar. Godiya ga kalandar mai kula da kudan zuma, ma’aikatan apiary suna gudanar da yin duk mahimman abubuwa, suna ba da yanayi mai daɗi ga rayuwar ƙudan zuma.
