Ana shuka shukar zuma na phacelia na shekara-shekara ta hanyar wucin gadi a yankunan da ke kusa da apiaries. A cikin yanayi, wannan shuka yana da wuyar gaske. Ana darajar zumar Facelia kamar zumar linden.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Mahimmanci a harkar noma
- 1.1 Bayanin Honey Phacelia
- 2 Phacelia a matsayin shuka zuma lokacin shuka.
- 3 Yawan aikin zuma
- 4 Amfanin dan Adam
Mahimmanci a harkar noma
Phacelia melliferous shuka, dasa duka a cikin yankuna kusa da yankin da kuma cikin rashin jituwa. Yana da mahimmanci a cikin kiwon zuma don samar da kwararar ruwa a cikin waɗannan lokutan lokacin da sauran tsire-tsire na zuma ba su yi fure a cikin daji ba.
Phacelia yana jure wa wasu kwari amfanin gona. Sabili da haka, ana dasa sau da yawa a kusa da gidajen rani, alal misali, kusa da peas. Entomophages suna zaune a kan inflorescences na shuka zuma, da son rai suna lalata larvae na kwari.
Bayan an gama girbin zuma, ana noma koren shukar a matsayin koren taki.
Idan aka yi amfani da gauraye da sauran ganyayen zuma, irin su hatsi ko legumes, samar da zuma zai karu sosai.
Muhimman nau’ikan kiwon zuma:
Bayanin Honey Phacelia
Itacen yana da rassan rassan rassan da ke da tsayi mai tsayi daga 30 zuwa 60 santimita. Wurin sanya ganye yana canzawa, sifar yana da tsayi ko mara kyau, tsarin yana rarrabuwa sosai. Furen suna da siffar daidai, an tattara su a cikin ƙananan inflorescences, suna da launin shuɗi-lilac. Stamen da ke cikin su suna fitowa da ban mamaki fiye da corolla.
Bayan flowering, spikelets suna samuwa. Tsaba mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, 2-3 millimeters a girman, girma a cikin ƙananan capsules da aka sanya a kan spikelets.
Ƙasar mahaifar shuka zuma shine California. A nahiyar Turai, ana samunsa ne kawai a matsayin shuka da ake nomawa.
Phacelia a matsayin shuka zuma lokacin shuka.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, mutane suna noma phacelia azaman shuka zuma a wuraren da suka dace da wannan shuka. Sabili da haka, tambayar ta yaya kuma lokacin da za a shuka yana da mahimmanci ga yawan aiki na apiaries.
Don samun isassun iri, ana buƙatar shuka ɗan ƙaramin tsire-tsire na zuma a daidai lokacin da ake shuka amfanin gona na farkon bazara.
Don yin wannan, an yi noma ko tona wuri mai dacewa. Ana yin raking nan da nan. Ingantaccen iri mai karbuwa: aji na biyu ko na uku. Amfani – kilogiram a kowace hectare na yanki da aka shuka. Zurfin dasa – 2-3 centimeters.
Ana ba da izinin shuka shuka a cikin raƙuman gonakin gonaki ko filayen Berry tare da noma na gaba a cikin kaka don hadi, gami da haɗuwa da legumes ko hatsi. Kuna iya shuka shukar zuma sau da yawa, sau biyu zuwa uku, tsakanin makonni daya zuwa biyu.
Lura: Phacelia koren taki ne wanda ya dace da aikin noma. Ana amfani da shi don cika ƙasa da nitrogen, daidaita yanayin ƙasa, da sarrafa ciyawa. Babu buƙatar cire mai tushe daga shafin! Ya isa ya tono su a cikin kaka, don haka takin ƙasa.
Tarin iri
Babban abu a cikin phacelia agrotechnics shine tattara iri akan lokaci. Wannan yana ba da wasu wahala, yayin da ciyawar ta yi girma sosai kuma na dogon lokaci. Kuma mafi cikakken tsaba ana samun su ne kawai daga furanni na farko.
Dokokin tattarawa:
- da zaran kashi biyu cikin uku na tsaba na furanni na farko sun zama launin ruwan kasa, to yakamata a girbe amfanin gona da sassafe bayan raɓa;
- an shimfiɗa mai tushe a cikin rolls kuma a bushe har tsawon kwanaki hudu zuwa biyar;
- bayan haka ana suskar shukar zuma;
- ana tsabtace tsaba daga busassun ƙazanta, bushe da rabu da ƙura;
- Yanayin da aka yarda don ajiya bai wuce kashi 12-14 ba.
Yawan aikin zuma
Ciyawa ta fara fure wata daya da rabi bayan shuka. Tsawon lokacinsa ya dogara kai tsaye akan yanayin kuma yana iya zuwa daga kwanaki 20 zuwa 60. Yawan furanni. A cikin babban ɓangaren tushe, har zuwa ƙananan furanni 70 ana tattara su a cikin gungu, kuma akan kowane reshe na gefe inflorescences sun ƙunshi matsakaicin 40-50 na corollas.
Tushen zuma yana kula da bushewar iskoki! Suna rage haɓakar ƙwayar nectar sosai. Heat yana haɓaka furanni, yayin da ruwan sama, akasin haka, jinkirta shi. Amma a lokaci guda, tsire-tsire na zuma kusan ba ya amsa ga fari da ruwan sama – ana saki nectar kullum.
Siffar sifar ita ce furen fure:
- flowering yana daga kwanaki 7 zuwa 14;
- fure mai ƙarfi yana ɗaukar makonni biyu zuwa uku;
- kuma har tsawon kwanaki 7-14, furen a hankali yana ci gaba.
Kudan zuma suna ziyartar inflorescences phacelia da son rai yayin rana. Wani lokaci ana iya ganin su a cikin furanni ko da bayan faduwar rana. Ayyukan ƙudan zuma a kan facellia an ƙaddara ta hanyar shuɗi pollen (pollen) da aka tattara akan kafafu na kwari.
Yawan amfanin zuma a kowace hekta: daga kilogiram 40 zuwa 50 na zuma mai kasuwa. Lokacin da aka haɗe da legumes ko hatsi, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa sosai, har zuwa kilogiram 150-300.
Sakamakon zuma na iya bambanta da launi daga fari gaba ɗaya zuwa kore mai haske. Kamshi mai taushin ganye ne.
Bayan crystallization, samfurin yayi kama da taro na filastik. Ya dace da abincin hunturu don yankunan kudan zuma.
Amfanin dan Adam
Facelia zuma da pollen suna da matukar muhimmanci ga yankin kudan zuma. Suna maye gurbin wasu tsire-tsire a cikin lokutan da ba a rufe su ba, suna tabbatar da haɓakar shanu da ƙarfafa iyalai. Tare da fure-fure na lokaci guda tare da albarkatun gona na farkon bazara, shuka yana haɓaka yawan aiki na apiaries.
Abubuwan fa’ida na shuka zuma na Phacelia:
- shuka yana da tasirin farfadowa akan jikin mutum saboda abun ciki na hadadden bitamin da ma’adanai a cikin zuma;
- yana ba da sakamako na antibacterial ga mura, raunuka da ulcers a kan fata;
- yana sauƙaƙe kawar da gamsai daga huhu tare da mashako da sauran matakai masu kumburi;
- Yana ba da taimako wajen kawar da gubobi da gubobi, zuma kuma yana aiki azaman diuretic mai laushi;
- A fannin gyaran fuska, ana amfani da zumar phacelia wajen kunkuntar ramukan fuska, da yaki da kuraje da baki.
Daidaitaccen ajiya: nesa da hasken rana kai tsaye, tushen zafi, a bushe da wuri mai sanyi. Ana tattara zuma a cikin kwantena na gilashi, wanda ke hana samfurin daga shan wari mai ban mamaki.
