Akwai abubuwan sha’awa waɗanda, ban da jin daɗi, na iya samar da kuɗin shiga. Waɗannan sun haɗa da kiwon zuma, wanda baya buƙatar kuɗi mai yawa, aiki da kashe lokaci.
Koyaya, a zahiri, ba tare da sanin ainihin yanayin girma waɗannan kwari masu aiki tuƙuru ba, babu abin da zai same shi. Don tsara apiary naku, kuna buƙatar sanin kanku da ka’idodin halayensa, ka’idodin kiwo da kulawa, hanyar aiwatar da aikin. Don samun riba a nan gaba, har yanzu za ku zuba jari mai mahimmanci a cikin tsarin kasuwanci – kuna buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman don samar da ta’aziyya ga ƙudan zuma.
Shiri don shirya wani apiary.
A cikin kowace kasuwanci, yana da kuɗi don samun cikakken makamai tare da abubuwan da ba a zata ba. Shi ya sa ya kamata ku shirya ba taro guda ɗaya ba, amma da yawa, don haɓaka tattalin arzikin kiwon kudan zuma a hankali daga baya.
Mafi kyawun lamba don fara kasuwanci ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin yankuna uku na ƙudan zuma. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci, zai ɗauki kimanin iyalai 50 don canza sana’ar da suka fi so zuwa kasuwanci mai mahimmanci kuma su sami riba, kuma kowannensu yana iya samun lambar daban: daga 20 zuwa XNUMX dubu ƙudan zuma.
Zai zama abin ban sha’awa ga mai kiwon zuma novice ya san cewa kowane taro yana kawo kilo 20 na nectar a rana, daga gare ta ana samun kilo 10 na zuma. Ba zai cutar da shiga ƙungiyar masu kiwon zuma ba, inda akwai damar:
- samun ƙwararrun taimako;
- shawarwari akan kiwon ƙudan zuma;
- koyi da dabara da nuances na cinikayya;
- Sami littattafan da ba za a iya maye gurbinsu ba.
Ga wasu mafari, kiwon kudan zuma a gida na tsoratar da barazanar ci. A gaskiya ma, kwari ba za su iya yin harbi ba saboda dalili: bayan haka, mutuwa marar kuskure tana jiran su. Don guje wa wannan, ana ba da shawarar saduwa da wasu sharuɗɗa:
- guje wa motsin motsa jiki masu kuzari;
- kada ku yi sauti mai ban tsoro;
- zo wurin apiary da tufafi masu tsabta da haske;
- A kula sosai da rashin warin waje.
Har ila yau, ƙwararrun masu kiwon kudan zuma, don kwantar da kwari, yi amfani da ƙarin na’ura – mai shan taba. Kadan kadan, ƙudan zuma za su fara gane mai su, wanda za a cije shi a keɓance lokuta.
Cikakken bayanin kiwon zuma a gida.
Kafin fara sabon kasuwanci, mai binciken yana yanke shawarar inda zai fara. Bayan ya ƙware a ka’idar, mafari ya ci gaba da haɓaka a aikace na tushen kiwon zuma na zamani. Ayyukanku na farko yakamata su kasance:
- a cikin zaɓin wuri don apiary wanda ya cika sharuddan da suka dace;
- a cikin sayan kayan kiwon zuma;
- a zabar nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) wanda ya dace da yanayin yanayin da ke kewaye.
Kiwon zuma ga masu farawa ya ƙunshi lura da wasu sharuɗɗan farko. Wajibi:
- a tabbata maƙwabta ba su damu ba;
- shirya apiary nesa da hanya, wurare masu hayaniya (ƙudan zuma ba sa jure wa ƙarar sauti);
- tabbatar da kewaye da apiary tare da babban shinge;
- sanya amya a nesa na mita 50 daga gidan da mita 10 daga gefen shafin;
- zaɓi wurin da bishiyoyi suka kewaye; Wannan zai hana yawancin cututtukan kudan zuma;
- sanya apiary a wuri mai natsuwa da dacewa, kariya daga iska;
- sanya jerin amya kowane mita 5-6 kuma barin sarari tsakanin layuka na mita 4-5;
- Juyawa gidajen tare da ɗan gangara zuwa kudu don ingantacciyar haske.
Yankunan da ke da zafi mai zafi ko kusa da masana’antun masana’antu ba su dace da wurin wurin apiary ba; Wadannan abubuwan na iya haifar da cutar kudan zuma akai-akai. Yana da kyau idan tsire-tsire na zuma suna girma a kusa da amya, amma wannan ba lallai ba ne: ƙudan zuma na iya motsawa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci zuwa wurare masu kyau don tattara nectar.
Apiary na katako
Kiwon zuma na zamani ya samo asali ne saboda babban saka hannun jari na lokaci da hankalin masu farawa. Kuna iya taimakawa rage matsalar ta amfani da hanyar dandamali. Kiwon ƙudan zuma a cikin katako shine mafi ƙarancin kutsawa cikin wanzuwar kwari, waɗanda ke da cikakken ‘yancin kai. Abin da ya sa wannan hanya ya fi dacewa da masu farawa – kawai su tattara zuma.
Amfanin irin wannan apiary ya ta’allaka ne ba kawai a cikin tattalin arziki ba, har ma a cikin gaskiyar cewa kwari a cikin su sun fi koshin lafiya. A cikin akwati, ƙudan zuma suna tsara mazaunin ta yadda suke so, su da kansu suna saita girman saƙar zuma, sau da yawa manyan kuma suna kusa da juna. Yawan mazaunan hive na irin wannan ma yawanci ya fi yadda aka saba. Mai kula da kudan zuma mai novice zai yi maganin irin wannan amya sau biyu kawai a shekara: tattara zuma a cikin bazara kuma a tsara abubuwa a cikin bazara, tare da maye gurbin kananan combs na baƙar fata, waɗanda ƙananan kwari ba za su iya haɓakawa akai-akai ba. Za a fara harba zumar ne kawai bayan shekara ɗaya da shigar ƙudan zuma a cikin gangar jikin. Lokacin da aka bi wasu dokoki, sakamakon zai iya zama mai ban sha’awa.
rumfar kula da kudan zuma
Amfanin kiwo kwari a cikin pavilions na musamman akan jeri na waje shine ikon kula da yanayin zafin jiki mai kyau a cikin hive, an kiyaye shi daga ɓarna na yanayi. Alfarwar da ke da ƙafafu tana kawar da matsalolin lodi da sauke masu kiwon kudan zuma, yana ba da motsi a cikin tsarin isarwa zuwa filayen da tsire-tsire masu furanni, da ci gaba da tattara zuma a duk lokacin bazara.
Mahimmanci!
Abubuwan da ke tattare da wannan hanyar sune yawan tarukan kudan zuma a cikin makwabciyarsu, da asarar sarauniya, da kuma barazanar kamuwa da cuta idan akwai cunkoson ƙudan zuma.
Zaɓin nau’in kudan zuma ya dogara da aikin sa, juriya, yanayin zaman lafiya, juriya na sanyi, da girma na zuma. A yankunan arewa kwarin da suka saba da zafi ba zai samu gindin zama ba. Ga masu kiwon zuma da yawa, ikon kudan zuma na fitar da zuma daga wasu furanni yana da mahimmanci. Lokacin siyan, suna kula da halin: suna ƙoƙarin zaɓar mafi zaman lafiya, marasa ƙarfi da juriya ga cututtuka.
An ƙirƙiri nau’o’i da yawa don biyan waɗannan buƙatun. Kwanan nan, wani sabon nau’in ƙudan zuma, Buckfast, ya bayyana kuma masu kiwon kudan zuma mai son sun gane su cikin sauri. Kwarin ya juya ya zama mafi juriya da riba fiye da yadda aka tsara. A waje, suna kama da salon Italiyanci.
Masu kiwon zuma sun fi son kiwon zuma cikin sauri saboda dalilai da yawa, misali haɓakar haɓakawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau’ikan. Muhimman darajarsu ana ɗaukar yanayin zaman lafiya. Wadannan kwari ba sa fama da mummunan yanayi, sun dace daidai da kowane yanayi. Irin nau’in yana da alaƙa da babban fecundity na sarauniya, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a hanzarta ƙara yawan taro da yawan aiki. Babban lahani na ƙudan zuma shine rashin iya jurewa ƙananan yanayin zafi da wahalar haifuwa na sarauniya.
Fasahar kiwo don kudan zuma na sarauniya
Sarauniyar ana daukarta a matsayin zuriyar dangin ƙudan zuma a cikin hita, babban aikinta shine ta haifuwa da taro. Sauran kwari suna kula da shi kuma suna kula da shi. Ko da yake ya fi tsayi, masu kiwon kudan zuma sukan canza ta zuwa yarinya bayan shekaru biyu. Akwai dabarun haifuwa mata guda biyar:
- halitta
- fistuloso
- wucin gadi;
- ta hanyar insulator;
Hanyar guga
Hanyar halitta ana la’akari da mafi sauƙi, dace da masu farawa. Ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar abubuwan da ake buƙata don canzawa zuwa taron ƙudan zuma. An sanya firam uku tare da brood a cikin gidan yana rufe ƙofar da cire firam. A can ya zama dole a saka mahaifiyar giya, daga abin da za a kafa yadudduka daga baya. Koyaya, hanyar na iya ba da wani sakamako. Hakanan ba za a iya tantance ingancin taron ba tukuna.
Tare da hanyar wucin gadi, bayan ƙaddarar ƙaƙƙarfan mallaka, ana ɗaukar firam tare da qwai da ƙudan zuma matasa. Bayan yin rami a cikin ɓangaren sama na firam, an sanya shi a cikin iyali ba tare da sarauniya ba. A zahiri bayan kwanaki 3, alamun mahaifa suna farawa.
Idan ya zama dole don tayar da mata da yawa a lokaci guda, ana amfani da tsari na uku, wanda ya ƙunshi gano dangi mai karfi da kuma tayar da sababbin sarauniya a kan shi. A wannan yanayin, ana sanya dangi a cikin insulator mai ɗauke da firam guda biyu, ana ƙara ƙarin biyu zuwa gare su. An yi nufin ɗaya don ƴaƴan da suka balaga, na gaba kuma don kwanciya kwai. Don kawar da yiwuwar tserewa daga cikin kudan zuma, tsarin ya kamata a rufe shi da Frames kuma a ɗaure zuwa hive tsakanin firam ɗin tare da brood.
A cikin hanyar ƙwanƙwasa, ana amfani da firam guda uku, waɗanda ake ƙara ƙudan zuma masu aiki. An dasa mahaifa. An mayar da firam ɗin cikin gidan mace. Bayan kwanaki 3, ana duba alamar kuma an cire ƙugiya. Bayan kwanaki 7, wajibi ne a yanke mahaifiyar giya kuma a jira balaga. Babban fa’idar wannan hanyar ita ce ikon kashe ƙudan zuma a cikin lokacin da ake buƙata. Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun gane hanyar kuma ana aiwatar da su cikin tsari don ƙara yawan mutane.
Dabarar Cebro kuma ta shahara da kwararru. Ya ƙunshi ayyuka masu zuwa:
- rarraba combs da aka sanya a kan rufin hive;
- zaɓi na yanki tare da kasancewar tsutsa mai mako biyu;
- hašawa filaye zuwa dasa firam a kasan rijiyar;
- shigarwa na anti-mai kumburi yadudduka bayan bayyanar ƙudan zuma.
Cikakkun bayanai na kiwon kwari a cikin amya masu yawan hive.
Na dogon lokaci, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sun fi son yin amfani da irin wannan amya, wanda ke sauƙaƙe aikin su sosai. Bugu da kari, dabarar tana ba da damar fadada iyalai, kiwon dabbobin matasa da masu aikin noma na hunturu ba tare da wata illa ba. Dole ne mai shi:
- Ka yi amfani da dukkan iliminka da himma;
- tsara tsarin rayuwar kwari;
- kula da su gwargwadon yanayi;
- Matsar da firam ɗin bisa ga lokacin tarin zuma da ayyukan ƙudan zuma.
Tasirin irin wannan nau’in kiwon kudan zuma yana faruwa ne saboda tsari da kuma cika gidaje. Ana tabbatar da aikin rhythmic na apiary ta kasancewar wasu nau’ikan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke ba ku damar canza firam ɗin cikin lokaci, cire haɗin sassan amya, da haɗa manyan abubuwa zuwa kwalaye.
Mabuɗin ka’idoji don kiwon zuma a lokacin hunturu da lokacin bazara
Don haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan yankunan kudan zuma waɗanda ke iya samar da tarin tarin nectar, suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali a cikin hunturu da bazara. Irin wannan sa ido ya ƙunshi kulawa akai-akai game da yanayin zafi, yanayin ciyayi, jin daɗin sarauniya da ƙudan zuma, da adadin podmor. Wajibi ne don samar da yanayin rayuwa mai dadi ga kwari a cikin gidanka, isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, ikon tashi don yin ayyukan tsaftacewa. A cikin hunturu, tabbas yana da daraja lura da amya, kuma irin wannan kulawa zai ba da sakamako mai kyau.
Fasahar ajiye ƙudan zuma a cikin hamma.
Wannan hanya na kiwo kwari ne m, m da sauki. Darajojinsa su ne:
- sauƙi na sufuri;
- in babu buƙatar buƙata ta yau da kullun don ɗaga jiki na musamman;
- a cikin ƙarfin zafi na nau’in ginin;
- a cikin ƙarin yiwuwar hammocks don tayar da tsakiya;
- a yawan samar da ƙwai sarauniya;
- a cikin yiwuwar kiyaye yawancin iyalai masu karfi;
- a cikin tsammanin matakan yaƙi (amfani da diaphragm na musamman don samar da yadudduka).
Ka’idojin kiwon zuma a kasar.
Mafi kyawun wuri don tsara apiary ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin gidan bazara tare da isasshen adadin gonaki na amfanin gona daban-daban, wanda zai tabbatar da samar da zuma mai inganci. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine samun lambun kayan lambu a cikin gidan rani. Yana da kyau a sanya amya a cikin inuwar bishiyoyi. A cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri, zaku iya tsara inuwa ta amfani da na’urori daban-daban don kare ƙudan zuma daga zafi.
Shigar da gidaje a kan rufin da zubar yana ba ka damar ƙirƙirar omshanik don kwari na hunturu.
Kiwon zuma aiki ne mai rikitarwa wanda ke buƙatar shiri sosai da kuma samun kayan aikin da suka dace. Don samun nasara, yana da kyau a yi nazarin abubuwan da suka dace, tuntuɓi ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Sai kawai bayan haka yana da daraja yanke shawarar ko za a fara apiary.
