Yadda ake ajiye ƙudan zuma a cikin amya mai ƙaho –

Hidimar ƙaho da fasahar yin aiki tare da ƙudan zuma a cikin irin wannan gida suna da sha’awar yawancin masu kiwon zuma da ke zaune a yankuna masu zafi na ƙasarmu. Zane mai ƙaho, wanda Mikhail Palivoda ya bayar ga duniya, ya dace da wuraren da ke da matsakaicin ruwan sama, yanayin zafi, ko yanayin zafi mai tsayi.

Har ila yau, masu kiwon kudan zuma masu matsakaicin tushe na zuma suna amfani da amya irin wannan: ƙudan zuma da sauri suna cika ƙananan ƙuƙuka da zuma.

Abun cikin labarin

• 1 Halayen kiwon zuma
• 2 Aiki tare da firam
• 3 Yi aiki tare da ambulaf
  • 3.1 Muhimmancin grid mai rarrabawa
• 4 Layers da swarms
• 5 Yadda ake amfani da bango
• 6 Spring aiki
• 7 Aikin bazara
  • 7.1 Halayen nomadism
  • 7.2 Yadda ake yin cake ɗin zuma
• 8 Kaka da hunturu
• 9 a karshe

Halayen kiwon zuma

Labarin na yau a hankalce ya ci gaba da ci gaba da jigon amya da aka taso a baya:

Mikhail Palivoda ya tsara kudan zuma

Muna tunatar da ku cewa manyan fa’idodin hive sune:

• karamin girma
• kwanciyar hankali lokacin da aka tattara godiya ga “ƙaho” na sanduna;
• sauƙi na sufuri – zane yana ɗaukar sarari kaɗan akan dandamali;
• sauƙin kulawa – ƙwanƙolin da aka cika da zuma gaba ɗaya suna da haske sosai;
• Mutane biyu za su iya yin hidima ga yankunan kudan zuma 500 zuwa 1, wanda ya haɗa da ƙarin aiki kawai a lokacin yin famfo zumar kasuwanci.

A lokacin kakar, gida, wanda aka samo daga Layer ko damfara, yana ba da matsakaicin kilo 50-60 na zuma. Daga watan Mayu zuwa Satumba, ƙudan zuma suna sake gina harabar ƙasa har guda shida (idan akwai ƙwanƙwasa da firam a hannun jari).

Aiki ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka tattara nectar sunflower, ana zuba zuma a cikin ƙudan zuma masu ƙarfi a cikin sassan jiki har bakwai a cikin mako guda. Kowane gini ya ƙunshi kilogiram 12 na wannan samfur mai daraja.

Tare da tarin zuma mai yawa, wajibi ne a kula da gida a hankali, maye gurbin sababbin lokuta a cikin lokaci da kuma cire wadanda suka riga sun cika da zuma. Canje-canje a cikin ƙira yana sauƙaƙe aikin yin famfo: maimakon 8 firam, ana ba da shawarar hawa gidaje na 10 ko 12 ɗari.

Muna jawo hankalin ku ga gaskiyar cewa kiwon kudan zuma na masana’antu ya haɗa da kula da yankuna na matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙudan zuma. Wadancan iyalai, kawai, kuma akwai a cikin gidajen da ƙahonin Palivoda.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar ta fi son tarin gurasar kudan zuma. Kwarin suna toshe ƙasan jiki da burodin kudan zuma sannan Sarauniyar kudan zuma ta shuka a jiki na biyu da na uku. Tare da yawan pollen a cikin yanayi, ana tattara firam takwas na saƙar zuma a cikin kwanaki 8-10 a cikin bazara. Ana iya cire shi daga hive, samar da hive tare da samar da furotin. Maimakon firam ɗin beech, an shigar da busasshiyar ƙasa – ana sabunta gidan.

Aiki tare da firam

Hidimar ƙaho da kuma hanyar ajiye ƙudan zuma a ciki sun dogara da girman firam ɗin da aka yi amfani da su. Waɗannan su ne daidaitattun bita rabin firam ɗin tare da tsayin 145mm. Wannan girman yana da fa’idodi masu zuwa:

• rashin daidaituwa ba ya tashi a cikin kiwon kudan zuma: za a iya sake shirya firam ɗin saƙar zuma a cikin tsarin gida daban-daban, alal misali, a cikin kari na Dadanov;
• An shigar da firam ɗin Dadan a cikin gine-gine guda biyu ba tare da matsala ba: ana amfani da wannan aikin lokacin da ake cika fakitin ko wani nau’in hive na yau da kullun (bayan samarin dabbobin sun tashi, ana cire waɗannan firam ɗin daga gida don kada a rage yawan amfanin kudan zuma. );
• kasancewar tsagi a saman mashaya yana ba ku damar shigar da tushe ba tare da waya ba: wasu masu kiwon kudan zuma suna amfani da ƙaramin tsiri na kakin zuma a saman, sauran kudan zuma ne suka gina su da kansu (wannan hanyar tana taimakawa wajen rage girman. haɗarin kamuwa da cuta na apiary tare da ruɓaɓɓen cututtuka;
• Girman firam ɗin saƙar zuma ya dace don samun saƙar zuma.

Muhimmiyar batu: Ana zubar da zuma daga ginin na biyar. Akwai gida a cikin ƙananan uku, kusan babu zuma a nan (wannan juzu’in ya yi kusan daidai da gidan firam 12 a Dadan). Kuma a cikin sashe na huɗu akwai tanadin dabarun abinci don kudan zuma, wanda bai kamata a taɓa shi ba.

Yi aiki tare da ambulaf

Lokacin aiki tare da amya, mai kula da kudan zuma ba ya kula da firam ɗin saƙar zuma, amma duka sassan-jiki.

Sabili da haka, ƙa’idar asali don ƙirar ƙaho: dole ne a sami sassan jiki da yawa! Hannun sa yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin lokacin tarin zuma mai aiki. Rukunin su ne ainihin rukunin faɗaɗawa.

A zahiri ba a bincika amya ta firam. Yana da wuya a aiwatar a aikace kuma ba lallai ba ne. Kawai fiɗa sashin jiki tare da tsinke sannan ku duba ciki. A cikin lokacin aiki na rayuwar kudan zuma mazauna, irin wannan bincike na cursory yana taimakawa wajen bayyana gungun Sarauniyar da aka sake ginawa: sun kasance a ƙasan firam ɗin kuma suna bayyane daga ƙasa lokacin da jikin ya rabu.

Muhimmancin grid mai rarrabawa

Gilashin Hahnemann shine mafi mahimmancin kashi a cikin hive. Ba tare da shi ba, ba shi yiwuwa a sarrafa aikin “Sarauniya” – mahaifa ya fara shuka ba daidai ba, yana motsawa tsakanin sassan jiki.

Bai kamata a bar wannan ba saboda dalilai uku:

1) an lalata brood a lokacin yin famfo;

2) ingancin zuma lokacin da ake yin ƙwai ta hanyar “faci” zai zama mara kyau;

3) mace ta yi hasarar ƙarfi mai yawa, motsi mara aiki a cikin ƙarar gidan.

Lokacin yawan ƙudan zuma a cikin batches ko shimfiɗa akan firam ɗin saƙar zuma na Dadanov, suna aiki kamar haka:

• bayan sakin matasa da kuma cire waɗannan firam ɗin, an shigar da wani ɓangaren aikin jiki a kan bene na sama, cike da busasshiyar ƙasa da kakin zuma;
• “Sarauniya” ta shiga cikin ginin na sama, an canza sassan kuma an shigar da grid mai rarraba tsakanin su.

Tare da tsarin benaye biyu don kiyaye yankunan kudan zuma, ana iya amfani da kullin filastik mai jure zafi azaman mai raba.

Kuma idan kun yi amfani da fim din a matsayin rufin rufin, ƙudan zuma za su yi amfani da propolis zuwa gare shi. Tattara wannan samfurin kudan zuma zai sami sauƙi da sauƙi. Don hunturu, an sanya wani yanki na polystyrene ko takarda mai rufi a kan fim din. Kodayake ƙudan zuma suna manne da fim ɗin zuwa saman sandunan firam ɗin, yana da sauƙin ɗaga shi fiye da cinya. Kwari sun rage damuwa akan gwajin cursory.

Layers da swarms

Yaƙi da ilhami na swarm ne da za’ayi, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, a cikin classic hanya:

• shimfida gidaje don raunana iyalai da ‘yantar da sararin hiki;
• da kuma shigar da sashin jiki tare da tushe a kan gida don ɗaukar kwari tare da aiki.

An kafa yadudduka cikin sauƙi. Da zarar ƙarfin iyali ya ƙaru, an shuka kashi na uku na jiki, an rushe “Sarauniya” tare da taimakon mai shan taba. Bayan haka, an cire jiki kuma an shigar da grid mai rarraba. Ana mayar da sashin sama zuwa wurinsa.

Bayan ‘yan kwanaki, ana kula da kasancewar matasa. Idan akwai sabon kama a saman, mahaifa bai bar wurin da ya saba ba (sauka daga hayaki a cikin 96% na lokuta!). Wannan yana nufin cewa “Sarauniya” dole ne a nemo kuma a motsa da hannu a ƙarƙashin grid.

Bayan kwanaki 9-10, rufaffiyar zuriyar ɗaya ce ta rage a saman. An shirya cape don karɓar sabon mahaifa. Wajibi ne a duba kasancewar mahaifiyar giya a ciki. Sa’an nan kuma an shigar da wani bango mara kyau a karkashin jiki ko kuma an yada fim din da ke da zafi. An fitar da “Sarauniya” mai ‘ya’ya.

Yadda ake amfani da bango

Yin aiki tare da amya mai ƙaho ya haɗa da canza bango. Saitin wannan nau’in gidan kudan zuma ya ƙunshi kasa biyu: raga da makafi.

Ana amfani da raga a cikin yanayin zafi – yana mamaye duk filin bene, yana ƙaruwa da iska mai kyau. Shigar da irin wannan kasa yana ‘yantar da kwari daga samun iska mai karfi. Suna latsawa suna neman nectar da pollen, ba tare da sun dagula bangon gidan ba.

Bugu da ƙari, raga na ƙasa yana taimakawa wajen kawar da ticks: lokacin da ƙudan zuma suka fadi, suna nan da nan a waje da gidan. Ana zubar da duk ƙananan sharar gida ta cikin sel. Kuma godiya ga samun iska mai kyau, haɗarin haifuwa na asu na kakin zuma yana raguwa.

Ana amfani da bango mara kyau don lokacin hunturu, wanda ke ba ku damar adana mafi kyawun zafin jiki da microclimate mai lafiya a cikin nests.

Spring aiki

A cikin bazara ana aiwatar da ayyuka masu zuwa:

1. Ana gudanar da bincike tare da maye gurbin ƙasa mai cirewa. Kasancewar brood an ƙaddara ta zafin jiki, kawai sanya hannunka akan firam ɗin. Zafin yana nuna ci gaban al’ada na yankin kudan zuma. Don ƙarin sarrafawa, zaku iya bincika firam ɗin saƙar zuma ɗaya ko biyu.
2. A farkon farawar saƙar zuma da kakin zuma, zai iya fara faɗaɗawa. An shigar da sashin tare da tushe da bushewa a saman, na uku a jere. Tsarin shimfida firam ɗin: kakin zuma guda uku a tsakiya, bushe a tarnaƙi. A lokaci guda, an shigar da ginin farko a bene na biyu, sashe na biyu kuma ya sauko zuwa ƙasa.
3. Sashe na huɗu na jiki an sanya shi bayan makonni biyu a cikin yanke gida. A lokaci guda, zaka iya sanya grid mai rarrabawa a ƙarƙashin wannan jiki, tun da farko ya tashe shi da kyau a cikin hive. Amma sau da yawa suna yin aikin shigarwa na trellis bayan flowering na acacia.

Aikin bazara

Yayin da girbin zuma ke ƙaruwa, ana ƙara ƙarin sassan jiki, waɗanda ake ciyar da su ta sassan da zuma.

Don yanke sassan zuriyar zumar, ana sanya masu cire kudan zuma kwana ɗaya ko biyu kafin a fitar da zumar. Ana yin hakan ne a tsanake don kada a samu gibi sannan kuma kada a yi sata. Ko kuma a yi amfani da na’ura don busa kwari kai tsaye a ranar tattara gawarwakin.

Ana bushe combs bayan an yi famfo su kai tsaye cikin hita. Ana ajiye su a saman gidan a bar su har zuwa Satumba, bayan an cire su kuma a kai su wurin ajiya har zuwa shekara ta gaba.

Halayen nomadism

A lokacin yawo, ana iya sanya gidajen da ƙahoni ta hanyoyi uku:

1.A cikin layi, shimfiɗa shi a kan allunan kuma danna da tabbaci tare da tarnaƙi. A wannan yanayin, ramukan shigarwa suna fuskantar ta hanya ɗaya.

2. A kan benaye biyu ko uku, kuma a layi daya. Wannan hanyar shigarwa baya buƙatar sauke ɗakunan katako kuma yana da kyau don dandamali na wayar hannu. Lokacin da mulkin mallaka ya fadada, ana cire manyan gidaje a yi amfani da shi don yin wani shingen tsaye.

Wannan hanya ta dace don ƙirƙirar kwalba na zuma. Ƙananan yankunan suna ƙarfafa kwari masu tashi yayin motsi na amya na sama zuwa wani wuri, saboda ƙudan zuma ba za su iya samun shigar su cikin baturi mai yawa ba kuma su sauka. Don dacewa, sararin bangon gaba ya kamata a iyakance a bangarorin biyu ta hanyar jiragen jagora na tsaye.

3. Tubalan guda hudu. Roger Delon ne ya gabatar da wannan hanyar. Tare da tarin zuma mai yawa, an ƙaura gidaje uku zuwa wani wuri: an kafa sabon shinge. Kuma daga sauran hive suna yin cake ɗin zuma. Ana maimaita wannan hanya a duk lokacin ƙaura, yana tabbatar da girbi mai kyau na zuma.

Yadda ake yin cake ɗin zuma

Muhimmanci! Wannan dabarar kiwon zuma ta dace a yankuna masu yawan girbin zuma.

Akwai sanannun hanyoyi guda uku don samar da yankin kudan zuma na zuma.

na farko – mafi sauki, wanda baya buƙatar farashin aiki na musamman akan ɓangaren mai kula da kudan zuma. A cikin bazara, ana ƙirƙirar cape a cikin hanyar da aka bayyana a sama. Kafin babban cin hanci, ana cire ‘sarauniya’ mafi ƙarancin fa’ida daga cikin hita kuma an haɗa yankin kudan zuma. Hanyar tana nuna sakamako mai kyau.

na biyu – Toshe abun ciki yayin yawo (a cewar Roger Delon). An cire amya guda uku, yayin da gida na huɗu ya ƙarfafa da kwari masu tashi kuma yana zama kamar kullin zuma.

Hanya ta uku – shigarwa a kan benaye biyu ko uku a kan dandamali ko a ƙasa. An kuma bayyana wannan hanyar a sama. Ƙaƙƙarfan yankin kudan zuma yana samuwa ta hanyar ƙudan zuma masu tashi daga wasu amya. Fadada shi a lokacin cin hanci yana faruwa ne a sarari a ƙarƙashin sashin sama na jiki. An sake gina iyalai da aka ƙaura zuwa sabon wuri don ƙarin sarrafa toshe.

Kaka da hunturu

Shirye-shiryen lokacin hunturu lokacin ajiye ƙudan zuma a cikin amya mai ƙaho na gargajiya ne: ƙarfafa ƙarfi, jiyya ga mites Varroa, da dai sauransu.

Iyalai suna yin bacci gwargwadon ƙarfinsu:

• yankan da aka yi a watan Yuni ana sanya su a cikin sassan hull guda biyu;
• cikakkun iyalai, a cikin biyu ko uku.

Hannun abinci na abinci an tattara su a cikin sashe na sama; An shigar da cikakkun firam ɗin tagulla anan.

Top dressing a cikin hunturu ana yin la’akari da yankin. Idan akwai mai yawa molasses a cikin yanayi, duk zumar ana zubar da su, ana ciyar da kudan zuma da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace. A cikin yankuna masu wadata, ana ciyar da abinci don tabbatar da cewa an ba da dabbobi a cikin hunturu. Yawancin a nan ya dogara da abubuwan da masu kiwon kudan zuma suka zaɓa: wani yana ciyarwa, wasu suna la’akari da rarraba syrup wani ra’ayi mara kyau.

A lokacin ciyarwa, an shigar da sashin jiki mara komai a saman – akwai mai ba da abinci da aka cika da syrup.

Mahimman bayanai

Lura cewa:

• babban zane na famfo yana buƙatar kariya daga rodents;
• rufe ramukan shiga, dangane da wurin hunturu, a cikin gida ko waje;
• an daidaita amya don hunturu duka a Omshanik da waje;
• lokacin hunturu a cikin ɗaki a ƙarƙashin ƙasan gidan, zaku iya shigar ba kawai ƙasa mara kyau ba, har ma da tanti mara komai, barin ƙasan raga – danshi zai zube, kuma gida zai kasance bushe;
• idan ana hunturu a kan titi, ana rufe gidajen da kwalta, ana sanya kumfa na filastik a saman firam ɗin, ko kuma a sanya wani yanki mara komai tare da matashin kai mai cike da gansakuka da busassun allura a saman.

a karshe

Na dabam, Ina so in lura da kyakkyawan aikin hive. Zane mai ƙaho yana taimakawa ba kawai lokacin da ya dace da kiyaye apiaries na makiyaya ba. Godiya ga “ƙaho”, gidajen kudan zuma suna da tsayayya da iska: suna da ƙananan juriya ga iska da haɗin gwiwa mai karfi.

An kwatanta ingancin tsara duk abubuwan da ke cikin gidan ta hanyar shari’ar daga aikin kiwon zuma, lokacin da tsarin ya dogara da digiri arba’in da biyar kuma ya dogara da shinge, amma a lokaci guda bai rasa amincinsa ba.

Idan ana maganar fasahar kiwon zuma, ba za a iya samun shawarar da ta dace ba. Kamar kowane hiki, mai kula da kudan zuma dole ne yayi tunani da kansa: la’akari da nau’in ƙudan zuma, yanayin yanayi, ƙarfin cin hanci. Kuma ba shakka, gwadawa kuma ku sami gogewar ku mai ƙima.