Fasaha don ƙirƙirar iyalan zuma. –

Iyalin zuma (ko “iyalin zuma” kamar yadda suke faɗa a cikin littattafan tunani) rukunin samar da kayan aikin wucin gadi ne a cikin apiary. A cikin irin wannan yanki na ƙudan zuma, dole ne kwari masu tashi su mamaye.

Kuma kuna iya tsara shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Babban abu shine samun lokaci tare da aiki kafin fara babban cin hanci. Amma ba za ku iya gaggawar wannan al’amari ba! Ƙungiyar ma’aikatan zuma da ba ta daɗe ba tana barazanar farkawa da ilhami a cikin iyalai tare da ƙarin asarar cin hanci ga mai kiwon zuma.

Abun cikin labarin

• 1 Reflexes
• 2 Yadda ake yin cake ɗin zuma na iyali
  • 2.1 Biyu amfani da kudan zuma mazauna
  • 2.2 Yi amfani da yuwuwar mataimakan sarauniya
  • 2.3 Amfani da “Plate”
  • 2.4 Hanyar haɗi da yawa
  • 2.5 Hanyar Vashchenko
• 3 Amfani da manyan iyalai

Reflexes

Ƙirƙirar yankin kwari da ke tashi da yawa yana yiwuwa ta hanyoyi aƙalla guda shida. Kuma akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa masu yiwuwa don amfani da wannan ko waccan hanyar.

Aikin mafari shine ya mallaki fasaha sannan ya daidaita ta don nasa apiary, la’akari da:

• tsarin hive da aka yi amfani da shi;
• halayen yanayi na wani yanki na musamman;
• nau’in kudan zuma da sarkakkun abubuwan da ke cikin su;
• irin cin hanci a yankin.

Wato, gaba ɗaya tsarin haɓaka tarin zuma yana buƙatar tsarin kirkire-kirkire daga ɓangaren mai kiwon zuma, lura da kuma shirye-shiryen ɗaukar haɗari. Kurakurai suna haifar da asarar kuɗi.

Yadda ake yin cake ɗin zuma na iyali

Yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri wani yanki tare da yuwuwar zuma mai girma:

• ta hanyar amfani da iyalai guda biyu;
• ta hanyar haɗin mata mata;
• ta hanyar “farantin”;
• ta hanyar amfani da ɗimbin yawa;
• ta hanyar cire swarm jihar (hanyar Vaschenko);
• ta hanyar ƙirƙirar dangin zuma masu girma (hanyar ta dace da Layin Tsakiya).

Ko da masu kiwon kudan zuma novice na iya ƙirƙirar iyali na biredi na zuma, muddin an bi duk shawarwarin kowane hanyoyin da aka tsara.

Biyu amfani da kudan zuma mazauna

Hanyar da ake amfani da ita a yankunan da ke da cin hanci da rashawa na bazara da farkon lokacin rani (yawanci ana samun su daga furen acacias, willows, maple da sauran tsire-tsire).

Tsarin aiki:

1. Wajibi ne don fallasa amya na wuraren hunturu a cikin nau’i-nau’i, kimanin 80-100 cm daga juna.
2. A farkon girbin zuma, ana yin kek ɗin zuma: ana tura ɗaya daga cikin amya zuwa wani sabon wuri kuma an sanya wani yanki na biyu a nesa mai nisa daga wurin da ya gabata na shigar da amya biyu.
3. Gidan da aka watsar ya kamata a ƙara shi da combs. A wannan yanayin, ana ajiye mahaifa a cikin keji na kwana biyu.

Sakamakon:

• kwari masu tashi na hive da aka kwashe suna motsawa zuwa na biyu, an sanya su a tsakiya: yankin ƙudan zuma yana da ƙarfi sosai;
• mai kiwon kudan zuma yana samun karin zuma da burodin kudan zuma;
• Tun kafin a fara babban tarin zuma, za a sami karin zuma fiye da yadda ake samun kudan zuma na yau da kullun.

Yi amfani da yuwuwar mataimakan sarauniya

Hanyar ta dace da yankuna tare da girbi na zuma marigayi ko don wuraren da ke da karfi mai gudana. Ba ya aiki da cin hanci na ɗan gajeren lokaci!

Tsarin aiki:

1. A kan lounnger a bayan bangare ko a cikin wani gida daban na tsarin multibody, ana sanya beads.
2. Lokaci-lokaci, firam ɗin tare da ƙyanƙyasar ƙanƙara ana tura su zuwa babban yanki don rufewa sannan a dawo dasu. Manufar wannan magudi shine don murkushe yanayin ƙudan zuma a cikin babban yankin kudan zuma da kuma ƙarfafa gida mai taimako.
3. A farkon tarin zuma, yankunan kudan zuma sun haɗu zuwa wata matashiyar sarauniya.
4. Don ƙarfafa gida, ana sake shirya yadudduka a wani sabon wuri. Sa’an nan, a lokacin rani mai aiki, kwari da suka dawo daga gonar zuma za su shiga sauran babban hive.

Sakamakon:

• mulkin mallaka mai ƙarfi da wadata duk tsawon lokacin rani;
• a ƙarshen tarin zuma, babban gida ya zama iyali na kowa, saboda wasu ƙudan zuma masu tashi sun ɓace ko sun mutu;
• haɗuwa a cikin sabon wuri yana ƙarfafa kuma ya zama cikakken iyali.

Amfani da “Plate”

Hanyar tana da tasiri wajen samar da iyalan masu samar da zuma kwanaki goma kafin fara babban tarin zumar. Don amfani da shi, dole ne a cikin hannun jari akwai firam wanda aka girka tushe na wucin gadi.

Tsarin aiki:

1. Kuna buƙatar taro da aka samu ta halitta. Bayan ya sauka a cikin hive, sai ya zauna a wurin gidan uwar.
2. Ana ƙarfafa ta ta hanyar kwari masu tashi daga uwar hive.

Sakamakon:

• Sabuwar iyali, wanda ya ƙunshi galibi na kwari masu tashi, suna gina ƙwanƙwaran zuma da rayayye kuma suna ɗaukar nectar. Kullum tana karɓar tushe.
• Wurin mahaifiyar yana ƙarfafa da sauri ta hanyar sake cika yara na dabbobi kuma yana da alaƙa da tarawar nectar.

Hanyar haɗi da yawa

Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi yin amfani da ƙoƙon da aka samu ta halitta. Haɗin su yana ba da damar samuwar babban yanki na ƙudan zuma masu aiki.

Tsarin aiki:

1. Ana shigar da saitin saƙar zuma da tushe mara tushe a cikin hiki mai tsabta. Ana sanya tsefe na tsintsiya wanda ba a rufe a tsakiya.
2. An kulle mahaifa a cikin keji. Mafi kyawun sarauniya ya kamata ya kasance a tsakiya, sauran a cikin firam ɗin ƙarƙashin zane. Wannan dabarar tana ba ku damar hana tarin kwari marasa izini daga sabon gida a ranar farko ta isowa.
3. Ana zubar da ƙudan zuma a cikin wani faffadan hita da aka shirya ta wannan hanya.
4. Kashegari, an saki mafi kyawun sarauniya kuma an cire sauran daga yankin kudan zuma.

Sakamakon shine ƙaƙƙarfan yankin kudan zuma wanda ke aiki da kyau wajen tattara zuma a duk lokacin cin hanci.

Hanyar Vashchenko

Babban makasudin wannan hanyar shine don yaƙar ilhamar tari da ta riga ta farka. “Irin sakamako” yana samun karin zuma. Hanyar ta dace da kowane nau’in tsarin hive. Aikin yana farawa daga lokacin da swarms suka bayyana.

Tsarin aiki:

1. Wajibi ne a raba lounger tare da jirgi (2-section hive tare da plywood bangare).
2. Bangaren ya ƙunshi firam biyu ko uku tare da ƙwayoyin sarauniya ɗaya ko biyu, da kuma firam ɗin saƙar zuma mara komai.
3. Gidajen kudan zuma suna juyawa digiri 180, yana ba da damar tattara kwari masu tashi.
4. A farkon lokacin cin hanci, sassan biyu na hive suna haɗuwa, suna barin Sarauniyar matashi (tsohuwar tana motsawa zuwa ainihin).

Sakamakon:

• a cikin shingen shinge na amya, combs da sauri suna cika da nectar, tun da ba lallai ba ne don ciyar da matasa kafin bayyanar sarauniya;
• Babban ɓangaren gida bayan rarrabuwa yana barin yanayin swarm kuma an maye gurbinsa da ƙananan ƙudan zuma;
• Bayan haɗewa, mai kula da kudan zuma ya sami ƙaƙƙarfan mallaka tare da matashiyar sarauniya, wanda ke aiki da kyau a cikin babban kwarara.

Amfani da manyan iyalai

Wannan hanya ita ce mafi kyau ga yankin tsakiya, wanda ke da alamun furanni masu launin furanni kafin fara babban girbi na zuma. Ya dace da kowane tsarin hive!

A cikin yankunan da ke da dogon lokaci ba tare da tsinkaya ba, manyan yankuna masu karfi da sauri suna jujjuyawa cikin yanayi. Kula da tsire-tsire na zuma da ke fure a lokutan da ba a girbi ba zai taimaka wajen hana hakan. Alal misali, phacelia, clover mai dadi, rapeseed. Ko zaɓin filayen kiwo daga yawancin apiary.

Muhimmanci! Ba a ba da shawarar hanyar ba don apiaries masu kamuwa da cututtukan keɓe masu ciwo (foulbrood, paralysis viral, saccular brood da sauran cututtuka).

A hanya ga misali na 12 frame biyu hive tsarin da biyu mujallu:

1. A cikin aiwatar da fadadawa, ana cire allunan rarraba (a lokacin shigarwa na firam 11 da 12). Ana sanya combs tare da gefuna na gida. An sanya jaririn da aka rufe a tsakiya. A tsakiyar, ta hanyar daya tare da brood, ya kamata a sanya firam ɗin saƙar zuma biyu mara komai. Wannan dabara tana taimakawa wajen guje wa swarming yanayi.
2. Cikakken saitin hive, lokacin da dangi ya mamaye firam ɗin saƙar zuma goma sha biyu, dole ne a kammala wata ɗaya kafin farkon girbi na zuma (ya fara a cikin shekaru goma na farko na Yuli tare da furen filayen bazara da bishiyoyin Linden).
3. Ba a kafa shaguna a gaba, kodayake wannan ita ce dabarar da yawancin littattafan karatu suka ba da shawarar! A maimakon haka, ana zabar sel na brood lokaci-lokaci kuma ana samar da jiki na biyu tare da taimakonsu, wanda ke motsa ƙwai.
4. Wato faɗaɗa ana yin ta ne kawai a tsaye. Kwanaki 7-8 bayan shagaltar da firam ɗin saƙar zuma guda goma sha biyu, ana cire firam guda biyu tare da jaririn da aka hatimce kusa da fita. Ana zabar zuma biyu a lokaci guda. Ana sanya firam ɗin tsintsiya a cikin akwatin jigilar aiki.
5. Maimakon cire firam guda 4, ana shigar da firam ɗin saƙar zuma mara komai a tsakiyar gidan ta cikin ɗaya tare da tsefe-tsafe a can. Biyu tare da tushe na wucin gadi ana sanya su tare da gefuna. A cikin yanayin cin hanci mara kyau, zaɓaɓɓen zaɓaɓɓen zuma dole ne a sanya su a kan zane a cikin fanko mara kyau ba tare da saƙar zuma ba. Don ba ƙudan zuma damar samun abinci kyauta, gefen zane yana ninka baya kuma ana sanya sanduna don wucewar kwari tsakanin firam ɗin da ke saman. An lulluɓe tsarin gabaɗayan tare da ƙwanƙwasa.
6. Kwana uku zuwa hudu bayan an yanke combs a gindin, suna sake tsarawa daga gefen zuwa tsakiyar gidajen, kuma an cire combs ɗin brood da aka rufe zuwa bango.
7. Bayan duba apiary, daga brood combs da aka tattara a cikin akwati na sufuri, an kafa jiki na biyu don mafi karfi da kuma mafi kyawun yankin kudan zuma. Ana iya maye gurbin jiki tare da caja biyu da aka ɗora ɗaya a saman ɗayan.
8. A cikin ginin na biyu, ban da 10 brood combs, an sanya combs biyu tare da gefuna. Ana yin dumama tare da zane da matashin kai.
9. Bayan an gama cin hancin, ’yan kato da gora sun raba shi kashi biyu ta hanyar faduwa ko kuma ta hanyar “raid”. Don wannan, wajibi ne a sami sarauniyar tayi. Amma tare da cin hanci mai nauyi mai nauyi, yana da kyau a yi laushi don kada a rage yawan tarin zuma saboda rarrabuwar da ba a kai ba na nests.

Don lura:

– don samar da harsashi na biyu, kuna buƙatar yanki huɗu zuwa biyar masu ba da gudummawar kudan zuma (misali, a wani yanki na ƙudan zuma 100 daga cikin kudan zuma kusan 80 waɗanda ke shirye don zaɓi, zaku iya ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan kudan zuma guda ashirin);

– Za a iya yin zaɓin a matakai biyu ko uku (a cikin wannan yanayin, a watan Yuni, daga cikin kowane yanki 100 na ƙudan zuma, kashi uku zai canza zuwa manyan masu tara zuma).

sakamako:

• amya suna cikin yanayin aiki a duk tsawon lokaci, koyaushe suna haɓaka ƙarfi;
• 97-98% na apiary suna amfani da cin hanci zuwa matsakaicin;
• don famfo ɗaya, yawan zuma yana da kilogiram 40-50 a kowace cake na zuma (a duka akwai famfo biyu ko uku a kowace kakar);
• Apiary yana karuwa a kowace shekara da kashi 50 a karshen kakar wasa ba tare da cutar da mai kiwon kudan zuma ba (musamman lokacin da aka sami damar renon sarauniya ko siyan sarauniya masu tsada daga wuraren gandun daji).

Mahimman bayanai

Zaɓuɓɓuka na biyu da na uku an yi su ne daga iyalai masu ba da gudummawa, lokacin da akwai firam goma a cikin gidan kuma an sake gina tafkunan gaba ɗaya tare da sake fasalta su akan tushe biyu da aka girka a baya. Bugu da ƙari, ana ɗaukar combs guda biyu tare da tsutsa a bakin waje daga mai bayarwa.

Babban ka’idar zaɓi shine cire fiye da kashi uku na brood! Misali, daga cikin firam masu dacewa guda shida, zaku iya zaɓar biyu. Bakwai ko takwas, bai wuce uku ba. Tushen da aka zana koyaushe ana sake tsara shi a tsakiya maimakon zaɓaɓɓun combs. Sa’an nan kuma an shimfiɗa sabon zanen tushe a kusa da gefuna.

Hanyar katuwar iyali tana taimakawa sarrafa yawan mite na Varroa. A cikin masu ba da gudummawa, adadin ƙwayoyin cuta yana raguwa saboda zaɓin firam. A cikin tsire-tsire na zuma, akasin haka, akwai ƙarin mites. Amma nan da nan bayan horo, ana bi da su tare da ɗayan magungunan da aka ba da shawarar don varroatosis. Sa’an nan kuma ana aiwatar da aikin sau biyu tare da tazara na kwanaki uku.