Kiwon zuma ga masu farawa –

Gogaggun masu kiwon kudan zuma, masu farawa da masu son na iya samun apiary. An inganta shari’ar da kyau kuma an yi nazari sosai. Tushen kiwon kudan zuma da kiwo suna ga mutane da yawa, amma ba kowa ba ne zai iya koyan sarkakkiyar sana’ar. Yana da mahimmanci a yi nazarin duk abubuwan da ke tattare da kiwon zuma ta hanya mai sauƙi da fahimta.

Kiwon zuma ga masu farawa daga ina za a fara

Kiwon zuma abu ne mai lada, mai ban sha’awa da riba. Kiwon zuma ga masu farawa yana farawa da babbar tambaya: a ina za a fara? Gabaɗaya, abubuwan da ke cikin apiaries suna gado. Dole ne ku fahimci yadda aikin ya dace a gare ku. Kada a sami rashin lafiyar samfuran kudan zuma. Yanayin lafiya dole ne ya nuna wani aiki mai tsanani na jiki wanda ke hade da kula da apiary.

Idan akwai sha’awar yin aiki tare da kulawa ta musamman ga kwari masu amfani, don samun ilimi mai zurfi da gogewa, don ci gaba da haɓakawa, to lallai ikon fitar da ƙudan zuma zai zo. Tushen kiwon zuma don masu farawa sun ƙunshi samun ilimin ka’idar a aikace.

Yadda za a zabi wurin da ya dace don apiary.

Kiwon zuma ga masu farawa yana ba da shawarar shirya wurin apiary tare da daidai wurin. Yana da sauƙi ga mutanen da ke zaune a wajen birni a cikin unguwannin bayan gari su sanya gidan apiary. Mazauna birnin za su sayi filaye ko su yi hayar ta na wani ƙayyadadden lokaci. Wataƙila dangi ko abokai za su iya taimakawa, waɗanda ba za su damu da unguwa tare da apiary ba. Yin la’akari da abubuwan da ke cikin yankin, yawancin masu kiwon kudan zuma suna fitar da su zuwa tsire-tsire na zuma a cikin gandun daji, zuwa amfanin gona mai ban sha’awa, zuwa filayen noma, zuwa wurare masu tsaunuka.

Idan ba zai yiwu a yi tafiya zuwa unguwannin bayan gari ba, ana iya yin kiwon zuma ko da a tsakiyar babban birni ko kuma wani ƙaramin yanki. Ana ajiye kudan zuma a kan rufin gine-ginen bene. Wurin rana yana ba da ƙarin ginshiƙai don kariyar rana da inuwa.

A cikin garuruwa da biranen wurin, yana da kyau a sami ƙudan zuma a bayan gida, bayan gine-ginen gida. Isasshen gonakin ‘ya’yan itace tare da bishiyoyin furanni matasa masu nisan mita 30 – 50 daga hanya.

Lokacin da apiary yana kusa da waƙoƙi, yana da kyau a kula da manyan fences. Yana iya zama shinge na alluna har zuwa mita 2,5 tsayi ko shingen bishiyoyi masu tsire-tsire, trellises na inabi.

Babban abin da ake buƙata shine isassun adadin shuka furanni. Ba wai kawai wurin tattara pollen ba, har ma da kariya daga amya daga iska. A lokacin zafi, inuwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, yana kare amya daga rana mai zafi. A irin wannan yanayi, ana samun iyalan kudan zuma masu zaman lafiya. Wuri mai buɗewa, ba tare da bishiya ko ciyayi ba, yana haifar da kwari zuwa ga fushi.

Haske:

Yana da kyau a san cewa perennials hidima a matsayin tunani batu ga hive. Zane na apiary a cikin keɓaɓɓen filin yana nuna wayoyi na baya na hanyoyin sadarwa masu mahimmanci, tsarin hanyoyin shiga da kuma dasa shimfidar wuri mai kariya.

Akwai hakkoki da ka’idoji don sanya apiary daidai da littafin kiwon kudan zuma, wanda dokokin kiwon lafiyar dabbobi suka amince da su bisa ga dokar Tarayyar Rasha. Mabuɗin mahimmanci:

1. Makiyayin apiaries suna da tazarar akalla kilomita daya da rabi daga juna.
2. Ba a yarda a sanya apiaries da aka sanya a baya akan hanyar bazara.
3. A cikin ƙauyuka, ƙirƙira da haifar da nau’in lumana.
4. Gidan apiary yana tsaye a nisa na akalla kilomita 1 daga gonakin.
5. Aƙalla 100 m daga ilimi, kiwon lafiya, yara, cibiyoyin al’adu, manyan hanyoyin tarayya, layin dogo, akalla 500 m daga yankunan masana’antu.
6. Nisa daga yankunan makwabta shine 3 m, an cire ƙuntatawa idan akwai manyan shinge na akalla 2 m.

Menene amya don zaɓar

Zaɓin amya an ƙaddara ta:

• Babban abin da aka fi mayar da hankali shine noma ko tarin zuma;
• nau’in kiwon zuma na tsaye ko na makiyaya;
• kasancewar, babu wani daga jiki.

Zai fi dacewa a zaɓi nau’i ɗaya daga duk amya. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe aikin, babu matsalolin sake tsarawa da musayar wasu sassa na tsarin.

Rikodin kiwon zuma – mafi na halitta bambance-bambancen na kudan zuma amya. Murfin yana wakiltar wani yanki na ganga a cikin siffar silinda, tare da yanke cikakke. An rufe shi gaba daya a sama da kasa tare da sutura na musamman. Akwai hanya ɗaya kawai ga ƙudan zuma. Yana iya zama nau’i-nau’i-nau’i da yawa kuma yana wakiltar nau’in haɗaɗɗiya, mai ruɗewa, ko nau’in da ba zai iya rugujewa ba. Apiary log ya fi dacewa da masu kiwon kudan zuma marasa gogewa.

Alpine samfuri ne mai yawa don ƙaramin yanki. Karamin gida don iyakar haifuwar zuma da kiwo. Abubuwan da ba su da amfani sun haɗa da tsada mai tsada.

Multihull – Yana ba da hadaddun aiki da nauyi tare da firam. An tsara shi don iyalai masu ƙarfi tare da matasa sarauniya.

Dadanovsky – Rasha classics na spruce jinsin. Shari’ar ta ƙunshi caja guda biyu, tana da ƙarfin firam goma sha biyu tare da samun iska mai kyau.

gadon rana – wuri a kwance na gida. Rabu da adadin firam. Babban iyali ne ya tsara shi don yin taruwa. Yana ɗaukar sarari da yawa, yanayin yanayin iska yana da wahala.

kaset – Ganuwar ciki na bakin ciki suna ba da damar daidaita yanayin microclimate da kansa. Ganuwar waje suna da kauri sosai. An ƙirƙira don yaƙar cututtukan kudan zuma.

Filastik – haske da iska, dace da jigilar amya.

Northern – Gidajen dangi da yawa tare da raguwar wurare. An ƙirƙira don jin daɗin ku.

Babban iri-iri yana rikitar da zabi, wanda ya dogara ne kawai akan abubuwan da ake so na mai kiwon kudan zuma. Babban abu a cikin zabi shine inganci, bushewa da dumi.

Tufafi da kayan aiki a karon farko

Samun kayan aiki na yau da kullun da sutura domin fara masu kiwon zuma An raba rukuni bisa manufa:

1. Gudanar da hive da kulawa: kwalaye, goge-goge, chisel, scraper, bindiga mai feshi.
2. Kayan aiki don aiki tare da ƙãre kayayyakin: wuka mai kula da kudan zuma, tururi, lantarki, girgiza wuka, sieves, sump, tebur, zuma extractor, smoker, kakin zuma tanda.
3. Tufafi na musamman da kayan kariya: kwat da wando, abin rufe fuska da ƙari mai yawa.
4. Kayan na’urorin kudan zuma: trays na distillation, mashaya, ƙwayoyin sarauniya, masu ciyarwa.
5. Marufi da aka gama: wukake, cokali, gwangwani na ruwa, tebur.
6. Sake haifuwa na iyalai, ƙyanƙyashe na sarauniya: rarraba grids, ƙwayoyin mahaifa da iyakoki, insulator, gandun daji da firam ɗin graft, kwanon kakin zuma.
7. Machinery da kayan aiki: a kan sikelin masana’antu.

Lissafin kaya don kiwon zuma bazai da iyaka. Kowane mai kiwon kudan zuma yana zaɓar shi bisa ga abubuwan da suke so. Mai kiwon kudan zuma yana buƙatar kayan aiki don yin takamaiman ayyuka, gwaje-gwajen lokaci tare da matsakaicin kwanciyar hankali na fasaha.

Siyan kudan zuma

Bayan yanke shawarar ɗaukar nauyin kula da kwari masu aiki, kuna buƙatar koyon komai game da ƙudan zuma da kiwo don masu farawa. Matsakaicin ilimin da aka samu zai kare ku daga sharar da ba dole ba da rashin jin daɗi.

Mai kiwon kudan zuma na farko zai iya samun apiary ta hanyar siyan ƙudan zuma ko ta kama ƙorafi. Kuna iya siyan iyalai gabaɗaya a cikin amya, swarms ko mutum ɗaya a cikin fakiti na musamman tare da ba tare da tsefe ba. Ana ɗaukar kamun kifi a matsayin zaɓi mara tsada. Yana buƙatar hanyar da ta dace, zaɓin wuri, da babban matakin wasa.

Lokacin siyan kudan zuma

Lokacin kafin tashiwar bazara ta farko shine mafi kyawun lokacin siyan kudan zuma. Akwai ƙananan brood a cikin amya, wanda ke sauƙaƙe sufuri.

Lokacin siyan, ya kamata ku kula da ingancin ƙarfin iyali, ƙarfin jirgin, shekarun mahaifa. Yaron da aka hatimce ya zama haske da iri ɗaya, akai-akai ana yi masa allura ba tare da tazara ba. Podmore ba ya nan gaba ɗaya ko cikin ƙananan lambobi.

Wani irin siya

Irin kudan zuma na gida sun riga sun dace da yanayin rayuwa kuma sun cancanci siye. Yana da wuya waɗanda aka shigo da su su dace da sabon yanayi, don haka asarar zai fi girma.

Manyan iri:

1. Rasha ta tsakiya: na kowa a cikin yankin Turai na Rasha da Turai. Tana da karfin jiki, nauyin mai aiki ya fi 100 MG, mahaifa yana auna 190 MG. An bambanta su da babban damuwa, ba su yarda da wani tsangwama ba. Iyalai za su iya jure wa sanyi da ke daɗe da yanayin zafi na digiri arba’in. Shahararriya a arewacin kasar. Mai jure wa manyan cututtuka.
2. Grey dutsen Caucasian – dace da kudancin Rasha, Kuban, Arewacin Caucasus, Stavropol Territory.
3. Caucasian rawaya – don apiaries a cikin ƙananan wurare na Krasnodar, Kuban da yankin Transcaucasia.
4. Carpathians – ga tsakiyar yankin na Turai, Siberiya, da Urals.
5. Italiyanci – ya fi son gajeren lokacin hunturu a yankunan kudancin: Astrakhan, Kuban, Volgograd, Rostov, Stavropol yankin.

Halayen abinci mai gina jiki na ƙudan zuma.

Kudan zuma tsutsa suna ciyar da jelly na sarauta, mai arziki a cikin sukari, sunadarai, gishiri mai ma’adinai, bitamin, enzymes da mai. Bayan kwana uku, sai su fara cin abinci na yau da kullun na cakuda zuma da burodin kudan zuma. Kyakkyawan abinci mai gina jiki a cikin kwanaki shida na farko ya kafa tsarin jiki na ma’aikaci. Mahaifa yana ciyar da madara a tsawon rayuwarsa.

Abinci da abinci sun dogara da:

• lambobin iyali;
• adadin ajiyar;
• gudunmawa;
• kiwo;
• yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi;
• tsawon lokacin hunturu;
• na tsire-tsire na zuma da lokacin furanni;
• halaye na irin;
• hanyoyin fasaha na kulawa na asali.

Abincin ya ƙunshi abincin shuka waɗanda ƙudan zuma ke girbe kuma su ke samarwa. A lokacin rashin isasshen tarin nectar, ana iya amfani da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, ruwan zuma da aka ɓoye ta aphids da sauran kwari waɗanda ke ciyar da ruwan kayan lambu.

Ana yin sutura a lokacin rani tare da saka kwai mai aiki da kuma lokacin sanyi. Ƙarin abinci a cikin nau’i na sugar syrup ko zuma diluted da ruwa. A matsayin ƙari, madarar saniya yana yiwuwa, wanda kwari ke aiki sosai. Wasu suna amfani da yisti mai gina jiki.

Ana kuma buƙatar ruwa. Matsakaicin yankin kudan zuma yana cinye kusan lita 30 na ruwa a shekara.

Kiwon ƙudan zuma

Hanyoyi guda biyu don haɓaka yankunan kudan zuma:

• na halitta – vegetatively ta hanyar jima’i swarming tsari da kuma dogon lokaci;
• wucin gadi – nau’i na rarraba, plaque a cikin mahaifa, ƙirƙirar yadudduka.

Hanyar daidaitawa

Haihuwar iyali yana faruwa da safe, a cikin yanayi mai haske:

• sanya sabon hita kusa da iyali;
• shigar da firam na zuma fodder, tare da burodin kudan zuma, firam biyu tare da tsintsiya, tare da tsutsa na rana, sannan zuma da burodin kudan zuma;
• girgiza hatchlings daga firam biyu zuwa sabon hive;
• sanya sassan gefe, ware;
• rufe ƙofar, barin hanyar kawai don ƙudan zuma;
• bayan ‘yan kwanaki, za ku iya sake shirya hive zuwa wuri na dindindin;
• kwana biyu zuwa uku a sha ruwa a sha ruwa a sha.

Sanya iyali ɗaya yana haifar da rauni, yana da kyau a yada artificially daga iyalai da yawa. Waɗannan yadudduka sun isa girma kuma suna buƙatar sake dasa mahaifa.

Raba ta tsakiyar lokacin rani

An halicci yadudduka tare da nau’ikan kudan zuma daban-daban. An kusan na halitta rabo na iyali. Ana sanya hiki mara komai tare da dangi mai ƙarfi. Rabin firam ɗin an sake tsara su. Da dare, ana rufe amya kuma an sanya rabin mita daga ainihin wurin. Don madaidaicin rarraba, kuna buƙatar sifa iri ɗaya da launi na gidan.

Rotary hanyar

M Rotary brooding kula da kiwon lafiya na ƙudan zuma da kuma hana ci gaban cututtuka. Ana cire brood maras matuƙa akai-akai. An kafa sabbin iyalai daga tsoffin iyalai. Ana jigilar amya zuwa ɗimbin tsire-tsire na zuma.

Ayyukan kula da kudan zuma na yau da kullun

Yankin kudan zuma yana da nasa tsarin zagayowar shekara. A beekeeper kada tsoma baki, kawai kiyaye jadawalin na peculiarities na yanayi aiki.

Yadda ake kula da ƙudan zuma a duk shekara.

Akwai kimanin kalandar kiwon zuma:

• Fabrairu – farkon kirgawa na sabuwar shekara na dangin kudan zuma, yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin digiri 35 don bayyanar brood, tsaftace sararin samaniya don barin amya;
• Maris: ana yin gwajin ma’auni da tsaftacewa;
• Afrilu – lokacin babban bita, disinfection da haɗin gwiwar iyalai ana aiwatar da su, samar da ƙarin abinci da masu sha, ƙarin warewa yana yiwuwa;
• Mayu: fadada nests, sabis na dabbobi, samuwar sabbin iyalai;
• Yuni: fadada gida, shimfidawa, maye gurbin tsohuwar sarauniya, rigakafin swarm;
• Yuli: kawar da ƙaura, ƙari na ƙarin combs;
• Agusta: kawar da firam ɗin da ba a gama ba, raguwar faucet nisa, kawar da fasa;
• Satumba: an gudanar da bincike, an shigar da gurasar kudan zuma da zuma, an cire combs kyauta daga brood, an shirya abinci;
• Oktoba: rarrabuwa na saƙar zuma, tsaftacewa da yawa gine-gine, kawar da kayan aiki don ƙaura;
• Nuwamba: magani ga asu kakin zuma, shirye-shiryen sabon kakar;
• Disamba: warming na amya, shiga gidan hunturu;
• Janairu: kula da yawan zafin jiki da ake buƙata kuma ana kiyaye adadin podmore.

Tattara zuma

Lokacin girbin zuma yana farawa lokacin da kayan kiwon zuma ya cika cikakke kuma ya wadatar da abubuwa masu amfani. An yi la’akari da zuma da aka rufe. Kudan zuma suna rufe saƙar zuma da kakin zuma, suna ware shi daga yanayin waje.

A lokacin cin hanci mai amfani, ana sanya firam masu tushe ko kayan tattara zuma. Ana cire su bayan sun girma, a ƙarshen girbin zuma.

Tarin farko yana faruwa a cikin bazara ko tare da farkon lokacin rani. Duk ya dogara da yanayin. Tushen zuma na ƙarshe yana faruwa a watan Agusta. Daga ƙarshen lokacin rani, farkon kaka, shirye-shiryen hunturu sun fara. A cikin wannan lokacin, ba za a iya yin watsi da ɓangarorin ba.

Shiri don hunturu

Don teapots, apiary yana fara aikin shiri don hunturu da ƙudan zuma a cikin fall. Amma ba haka bane. Shiri yana farawa tare da jiragen farko na bazara. Yana da mahimmanci a bi tsarin aikin shekara-shekara na mai kiwon zuma don yanayin hunturu mafi dacewa.

Nasiha ga Masu kiwon zuma na gaba da kurakuran mafari

Shawarwari da shawarwari ga novice mai kiwon zuma akan yadda ake kulawa da kyau:

• saya kaya a cikin shaguna na musamman;
• don samun amya tare da farkon bazara, ƙudan zuma, daga abokai, amintattun masu kiwon zuma;
• Kula da lafiyar kudan zuma a hankali;
• fara da amya 4 zuwa 5;
• kada ku ƙi taimakon gogaggun mutane;
• shirya don wintering daga farkon bazara jirgin;
• Tsaftace tufafin aiki da apiary.

Kurakurai gama gari:

• rashin son ilimin kai;
• rashin ƙwarewar kulawa na asali;
• shigar da cututtuka na ƙudan zuma;
• raunana yankunan kudan zuma;
• kayan abinci mara dacewa;
• kuskuren zaɓi na tarin zuma;
• rashin daidaitaccen ajiyar kayan kudan zuma da amya.

Don kauce wa manyan kurakurai, yana da daraja sayen littafin kiwon zuma.

Kudin shiga da kashe kudi, akwai fa’idodi?

Amfanin apiary ya dogara da:

• umarnin: aikin yana nufin tattara kayan kudan zuma ko kiwon sarauniya;
• farashin: buƙatun samfuran, fitowar sarauniya a wani lokaci na shekara yana rinjayar samuwar darajar;
• yawan aiki hade ne na aikin mai kiwon kudan zuma da yanayin yanayi mara tsari.

Bangaren kudin shiga ya ƙunshi:

• zuma
• propoles;
• kakin zuma;
• Royal jelly;
• Poland;
• Dafin kudan zuma;
• jirgin karkashin ruwa

Yana yiwuwa a sami ƙarin kudin shiga don balaguron balaguro a cikin apiary da pollination na amfanin gona.

Bangaren da ake amfani da shi shine:

• samun sarauniya da ƙudan zuma;
• sayan amya masu mahimmanci, kaya da kayan aiki;
• yuwuwar hayar ƙasa, wurare;
• sufuri na sharar gida a lokacin sufuri da tafiya;
• Abubuwan amfani;
• albashin ma’aikata.

Ba shi yiwuwa a ƙididdige ainihin ribar da ake sa ran. Adadin nectar yana canzawa kowace shekara, dangane da yanayin yanayi, abubuwan ɗan adam, alal misali, haɓaka guraben sarari tare da gidaje ko kasuwanci. Cututtuka a cikin ƙudan zuma kuma na iya shafar riba.