Tushen ash zuma shuka ne ƙananan bishiyar dangin fure, wanda ya yadu a ko’ina. Ana iya dasa shi azaman shingen kore a kusa da apiaries. Ya bambanta a cikin ƙananan kayan aiki na zuma, amma irin wannan zuma yana da dandano mai dadi da mahimmancin magani.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Muhimmancin noma
- 2 Agrotechnical
- 3 Yawan aikin zuma
- 4 Kaddarorin masu amfani
Muhimmancin noma
Akwai nau’ikan tokar dutse kusan 100 a duniya. Kimanin nau’ikan nau’ikan 30 suna girma a cikin tsoffin ƙasashen CIS, gami da Rasha.
‘Ya’yan itãcen dutsen ash ba su bambanta da babban dandano, amma ana ci. An fi amfani da shuka a cikin aikin noma a matsayin shuka na ado da iska. Kuma ana amfani da itacensa mai ɗorewa don kera kayan haɗin gwiwa iri-iri.
A cikin dafa abinci, ana amfani da ‘ya’yan itatuwa rowan don yin jam, jelly, kiyayewa, marshmallows, jelly. Kuma a cikin magungunan jama’a, ana shirya decoctions na magani, infusions da tinctures daga gare su.
Ga apiaries, iri biyu suna da mahimmanci:
- Talakawa;
- chokeberry ko chokeberry.
Talakawa
Common dutse ash zuma shuka, bambanta da kyau bayyanar. Mafi sau da yawa itace itace mai tsayi har zuwa mita 6, ƙasa da yawa – daji mai tsayi. Kuna iya samun wannan nau’in kayan ado a wuraren shakatawa, murabba’ai, lambuna.
Itacen yana da sanyi, yana son wurare masu zafi: glades, gefuna. Ka guji ƙasa mai ɗanɗano tare da yawan ruwa.
Yana da santsi mai santsi da kambi mai siffa mai kyau. Ganyen suna da tsayi, an tattara su cikin nau’i-nau’i 4-7 akan dogon yankan. A ƙasa suna da launin kore-launin toka, a sama – matte kore.
An tattara manyan furanni farare a cikin ɗigon ƙumburi na thyroid. Yana blooms daga Mayu zuwa Yuni. Ware babban adadin nectar da pollen ga yankunan kudan zuma.
Bayan fure, ana samar da ‘ya’yan itace orange ko rawaya. Al’adar ta dace da shingen da aka sanya a cikin lambuna na gida ko kusa da apiaries.
Aronia
Chokeberry kuma nasa ne na tsire-tsire na ado. A cikin bayyanar, shrub ne mai haɓaka mai kyau, yana kai tsayin mita 1,2 zuwa 2,5. Ya fi son girma a cikin ƙasa yumbu. Sau da yawa ana shuka shrub a wuraren shakatawa, murabba’ai, da bel na gandun daji.
Wannan bishiyar toka ta dutse yayi kama da ciyayi na currant. An rufe rassan shukar zuma da ganye, kama da tsarin da itacen ceri, amma ya fi guntu.
Furen suna fari, an tattara su a cikin inflorescences corymbose. Itacen zuma yana fure a watan Mayu, Yuni. ‘Ya’yan itacen yana da halayyar kusan launin baki.
Darajar shrub ga apiaries yana cikin farkon balaga. Tuni a cikin shekara ta biyu bayan haifuwa, batun shuka ta hanyar cuttings, shuka zai fara girma sosai.
Agrotechnical
Ana iya yada tokar dutse ta hanyoyi uku:
- yin amfani da yadudduka da tushen suckers;
- dasa tsaba;
- amfani da cuttings.
Shuka ta tsaba ita ce hanya mafi wahala wacce ke buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da ƙoƙari daga ɓangaren masu shi. Babban koma bayansa shine bayyanar inflorescences na farko kawai a cikin shekara ta huɗu bayan dasa shuki.
Mafi sauki hanyar aiki tare da cuttings da basal matakai. Furen farko za su bayyana akan tsire-tsire matasa daga shekara ta biyu, suna samar da ƙudan zuma tare da kwararar tallafi.
Yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar wurin da ya dace! Tare da rashin danshi, shrubs da bishiyoyi suna fure mara kyau kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da ƙanana. Wurare masu inuwa da yawan shuka suma ba sa barin shukar zuma ta yi girma sosai. Amma wurare masu haske da tsaka-tsaki suna ba da damar wannan al’ada ta bunƙasa sosai kuma akan lokaci.
Ana dasa tsire-tsire ta hanyar gida a cikin ramuka tare da zurfin mita 0,4. Ana haxa ƙasan da aka ciro da takin zamani kuma ana fesa kayan shuka a hankali.
Ya kamata a lura cewa chokeberry baya jin tsoron kwari, yana da ɗan rashin lafiya kuma yana jure wa pruning da kyau lokacin da aka kafa daji.
Yawan aikin zuma
Yawan aiki na shuka ya dogara da yawa na shuka, da kuma yanayin yanayi. Sanyi, sanyi, da yawan ruwan sama suna hana ƙudan zuma tattara pollen da zuma.
Rowan a matsayin shuka mai ɗanɗano yana ba da daga kilogiram 30 zuwa 40 na zuma a kowace kadada na shuka.
Zuma na da kamshi mai karfi da dandano mai kyau. Launin sa yana da jajayen tint.
Kaddarorin masu amfani
A cikin magungunan jama’a, ana ba da shawarar zuma ash:
- don maganin basur (a baki tare da dafaffen berries rowan);
- tare da cututtuka na kodan da hanta (yana da kyau diuretic da choleretic Properties);
- don yaƙar zub da jini;
- tare da migraines da ciwon kai;
- ga mura, irin su diaphoretic;
- waje don warkar da rauni.
A cikin yankunan Turai na Rasha, wannan shuka zuma yana samuwa a cikin yanayi: gandun daji, gandun daji, inda ya yada kuma ya girma da kyau ba tare da kulawa ba.
