Tambayar tushen zuma yana daya daga cikin batutuwa masu ban sha’awa ga masu kiwon kudan zuma waɗanda ke tsunduma cikin kiwon kudan zuma a tsaye. Menene za a iya shuka daga tsire-tsire na zuma kusa da apiary, yadda za a tsara jujjuya amfanin gona yadda ya kamata? Kuma shin wannan ya cancanci a yi?
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Abin da za a shuka
- 2 Inganta tushen zuma
- 3 Koren wurare tare da hanyoyi
Abin da za a shuka
Mutane da yawa suna tunanin shuka tsire-tsire na zuma. Ana iya yin hakan ne kawai idan akwai filin da ya dace. Bugu da kari, ana hayar manyan filayen filayen, daga hekta 10 zuwa 20 da fiye da haka. Saboda haka, ya zama dole a sami naku injinan noma don noma ƙasar ko kuma ku yi hayar ta. Kuma waɗannan ƙarin farashi ne.
Ga ƙananan gidajen apiaries masu zaman kansu, saka hannun jari a hayar ƙasa bai dace ba. Bayan haka, babban aikin mai kiwon zuma shine samun riba.
Hanyar fita daga cikin wannan yanayin na iya zama haɗin kai na masu kiwon zuma da yawa da kuma kula da ƙasar gama gari. Har ma ya fi sauƙi don fara ƙaura a cikin yanayin tushe mai rauni na zuma. A wannan yanayin, ribar za ta biya kuɗin jigilar amya.
Misalin juyar da amfanin gona:
Wasu masu kiwon kudan zuma suna yin aikin dasa ciyayi masu ɗanɗano a cikin filayen da aka watsar da su, waɗanda aka shagaltar da su, alal misali, ta wani kafet na ciyawar alkama ko wasu ciyayi masu tayar da hankali. Don yin wannan, a cikin bazara, ana kona ƙananan ɓangarorin ƙwanƙwasa a cikin makiyaya, wanda aka watsar da tsaba na shuka zuma mai dacewa a cikin yankin.
Duk da haka, sakamakon gwagwarmaya tsakanin tsire-tsire yana da matukar shakku. Tsire-tsire na daji, da suka dace da yanayin gida, suna kawar da baƙi da sauri daga yankinsu.
Inganta tushen zuma
Juyawa amfanin gona a cikin apiary yana yiwuwa ne kawai lokacin dasa shuki shuke-shuken zuma a cikin manyan wuraren noma da aka noma kusa da gonar kudan zuma (a cikin kilomita 1,5-2).
Ana zaɓar tsire-tsire bisa ga yanki da yanayin yanayi. Alal misali, don tsakiyar layi, za ka iya shuka sainfoin, madara thistle.
Kimanin jadawalin furanni na shuke-shuke, wanda za’a iya jagoranta lokacin shuka gonaki:
Gaba ɗaya shawarwarin inganta tushen zuma na ƙananan apiaries waɗanda basa amfani da ƙasar noma sune kamar haka:
Shuka amfanin gona na Willow suna da mahimmanci na musamman don haɓaka yankin kudan zuma a cikin bazara.… A tsakiyar layi, furenta yana ɗaukar kusan wata ɗaya. Waɗannan su ne da yawa dozin jinsunan shuke-shuke! Na farko don fure shine willow ko willow. Sa’an nan goat willow, willow, fari willow Bloom.
Lura: Tsire-tsire na wannan rukuni sune dioecious, suna ba da sauƙi ga hybrids. Sabili da haka, yana iya zama da wahala, kuma ba mahimmanci ba, don ƙayyade nau’in daidai kafin foliage ya bayyana. Babban abin da za a fahimta shi ne cewa willows suna ba da damar ƙudan zuma su sami ƙarfi da sauri a cikin bazara.
Ana shuka willows ta hanyar yanka ko gungumen azaba tare da bankunan tafki, a kan wuraren da ba kowa, da kuma cikin kwazazzabai mafi kusa. Ana tsoma kayan shuka a cikin ƙasa 25-30 cm. Willow kuma yana samun tushe cikin nasara a busasshiyar ƙasa.
Acacia yana daya daga cikin mahimman tushen pollen da nectar ga Mayu.… Propagated da tsaba tattara a Yuli. Kuna iya saukar da su daga Afrilu zuwa ƙarshen Yuli, bayan jiƙa su gaba ɗaya cikin ruwa (a ajiye su na tsawon awanni 6).
Ana tattara tsaba na Bruise a cikin kaka tare da safar hannu na fata kuma ana shuka su a cikin bazara rabin kilomita daga apiary. Tushen zuma zai sami ƙarfi a cikin kusan shekaru biyu. Mordovnik da zaki da clover ana shuka su iri ɗaya. Hakanan, ana iya shuka clover mai zaki kai tsaye akan dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa – yana da kyakkyawan ikon haɓakawa.
Lura: Melilot, bruise, mordovnik blooms kowace shekara biyu! Kar ka manta game da wannan lokacin fadada tushen zuma.
Ba kamar ganyen da aka jera ba, ciyawa na fure a shekara.… Don dasa shi, wajibi ne a yanke saman ciyawa tare da gwangwani, gyara su a cikin bunches a kan gungumen mita biyu kuma sanya su a cikin wuraren da ba kowa a cikin mafi kusa, lambuna da aka yi watsi da su da kuma filayen fanko. Irin su kansu iska ne ke ɗauke da su.
Noman ‘al’adu’ na tsire-tsire na zuma ya tabbatar da ƙimarsa: da farko, dasa shuki na shinge. A matsayin tushen tushen nectar, zaku iya amfani da bushes na lilac, hawthorn, furen daji, ja viburnum, honeysuckle, dusar ƙanƙara, hazelnut.
Kuma ana dasa tsire-tsire na zuma na ado a cikin gadaje na fure: marigolds (marigold), irises, m mordovnik, Ivan da Marya, karrarawa, snowdrops, crocuses.
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don shuka bishiyoyi da shrubs. Tare da ƙudan zuma a cikin unguwa, girbin su yana karuwa kuma pollen da aka tattara yana taimaka wa kwari a cikin bazara don ƙarfafa ƙarfin iyalai.
Ana aiwatar da dasawa na nau’ikan maple dajin. Waɗannan bishiyoyi ba su da fa’ida: suna yin tushe a kowace ƙasa kuma suna girma da sauri. Yana blooms a farkon bazara. Linden kuma kyakkyawan shuka zuma ne. Gaskiya ne cewa ya fi buƙata tare da ƙasa da ban ruwa. Kuma yana girma a hankali fiye da maple. Amma mai kula da kudan zuma zai sami kyauta mai kyau a cikin nau’in furen linden da aka girbe. Kamar yadda kuka sani, wannan tabbataccen maganin mura ne.
Koren wurare tare da hanyoyi
Kuma a ƙarshe, Ina so in tabo batun tsire-tsire na zuma waɗanda suke girma kamar bel na dazuzzuka a kan hanyoyi. Kudan zuma kuma suna tattara pollen da nectar daga gare su. Yaya amfanin wannan zuma?
Dole ne a yi la’akari da ilimin halitta a nan. Furen suna sakin nectar na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Rabon da kudan zuma ke ɗauka yana samuwa ne cikin sa’o’i kaɗan. Yawancin furanni suna sakin nectar kawai da safe. Ba kamar nectar ba, pollen yana samuwa a cikin kwanaki da yawa; gurbacewarta da karafa masu nauyi yakan fi girma.
Duk wannan yana nunawa ta hanyar binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na abun ciki na kaguwar kwari da yankan da aka ɗauka zuwa amya na tsire-tsire iri ɗaya. Gaskiyar ita ce, ƙudan zuma suna sarrafa ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, a zahiri tana tace ƙwayar pollen.
Lura: Akwai ƙarancin karafa masu nauyi sau da yawa a cikin balagaggen zuma fiye da na burodin kudan zuma ko pollen!
Tare da taimakon binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje na podmore, propolis, pollen da gurasar kudan zuma, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da amincin muhalli na yankin daidai da matakin ƙarfe mai nauyi a cikinsu.
Daga abin da ya biyo baya cewa kiwo na ƙudan zuma don samun pollen (pollen) mai kasuwa dole ne a yi shi tare da kulawa sosai. Matsar da amya aƙalla mita 1 daga manyan tituna zai rage abun ciki na gubar a cikin samfurin ƙarshe kuma ya sa ya zama lafiya ga mutane.
