Zuma wani nau’in sinadari ne na musamman wanda ƙudan zuma na ma’aikata suka canza (masu juyewa). Ana samar da irin wannan cakuda gabaɗaya daga nectar, maganin ruwa mai ruwa wanda ake kira sugar cane, wanda kwari ke tashi daga furannin tsire-tsire daban-daban.
Abun cikin labarin
- 1 Menene zuma a kasuwa
- 2 Manufacturing tsari
- 3 Abin da samfurin kudan zuma yayi kama: launi da ƙanshi
- 4 A kan iri da rarraba ta hanyar abun da ke ciki.
- 4.1 Monofloral iri-iri
- 4.2 Polyfloral iri-iri
- 5 kudin
Menene zuma a kasuwa
Ana sayar da wannan kayan kiwon zuma ta hanyoyi uku:
- Zai iya zama extruded ko kainarke a rana. Wannan hanya ba kasafai ake yin kiwo na zamani ba.
- Tantaba, wato, ana sayar da shi kai tsaye a kasuwa a yanka ko na musamman na sashe na saƙar zuma. Irin wannan samfurin kuma ba a cika yin shi a cikin apiaries ba.
- Centrifugal – Wannan ita ce hanya mafi shahara kuma ta yadu wajen samun zuma. Ana samun irin wannan nau’in kudan zuma a cikin aikin yin famfo a cikin masu cire zuma.
A duk waɗannan lokuta ana samun manyan alamomi. Banda shi ne samfurin da aka samu a cikin aikin simintin simintin gyare-gyare na saƙar zuma.
Karanta:
Abin da ake la’akari da zuma mara kyau: halaye, shirye-shirye
Menene zuman karya (na karya ko wucin gadi)?
Manufacturing tsari
Nectar na tsire-tsire daban-daban ya bambanta a cikin abun ciki na sukari. Yana rinjayar matakin zafi na iska da ƙasa, yanayin zafi. A +10, samar da Nectar yana tsayawa gaba ɗaya. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na +20 zuwa +30 digiri shine mafi kyau ga jawo hankalin kudan zuma.
A zaune a kan fure, kudan zuma ta ɗanɗana nectar tare da proboscis. Idan maida hankali na sukari a ciki ya fi 50%, yawan girbi ya fara. Idan abun ciki na sukari bai wuce 10-5% ba, za a yi watsi da furanni.
Ya kamata a lura cewa nectar ya ƙunshi ba kawai sukari ba, har ma da wasu abubuwa masu yawa kamar:
- amino acid;
- enzymes
- Gishiri na ma’adinai;
- alade;
- rashin bitamin;
- kwayoyin acid;
- abubuwa masu ƙanshi;
- karamin sashi na phosphorus da nitrogenous mahadi.
Amma muhimmiyar rawa wajen tattara zuma ga ƙudan zuma yana taka rawa ta hanyar abun ciki na sukari.
Bayan dandana nectar, kudan zuma yana jan hankalin shi tare da proboscis zuwa wurin ajiya na musamman – goiter. Wannan sashin yana wadatar da invertase, wani enzyme (enzyme) wanda ke taimakawa wajen canza nectar zuwa cikakkiyar zuma.
A nan gaba, ana canja wurin nectar zuwa ga ƙudan zuma masu tattarawa a cikin amya, waɗanda aka sadaukar don adanawa da shirya shi.
Zuba sabon zuma a cikin sel na ƙudan zuma na zuma, jira don girma, saki danshi mai yawa (juyawar sukari), sa’an nan kuma rufe samfurin da aka gama tare da kakin zuma. Ana kiran su caps.
A cikin nau’i na yanke, ana amfani da lu’u-lu’u don magani ko kuma, da zarar ragowar zuma ya zubar, sai a sake sakewa.
Kwayoyin combs sun kasance bakararre gaba daya: kwari sun riga sun bi da su tare da propolis, wanda ya bayyana kaddarorin antimicrobial. Ita ce propolis da ke hana zuma rasa daidaiton ruwa (sukari).
A cikin amya, ana amfani da wannan abinci mai daɗi don ciyar da tsutsa da manya. Mahimman tanadi suna taruwa a cikin combs. Wasu daga cikinsu suna zuwa lokacin hunturu, sauran kuma masu kiwon zuma suna fitar da su don sayarwa.
Abin da samfurin kudan zuma yayi kama: launi da ƙanshi
Zuma na halitta yana da ɗanɗano, launi da ƙamshi dangane da iri-iri. A cikin daidaito, ruwa ne mai kauri mai kauri, kusan bayyananne.
Launi na yau da kullun shine nau’in rawaya iri-iri, daga sautunan kodadde zuwa sautuna masu yawa. Akwai nau’ikan nau’ikan na musamman waɗanda ke da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, alal misali, wannan shine abin da zuma da aka samu daga conifers yayi kama.
Akwai uku kungiyoyin na iri, waxanda suke da daraja da launi na beekeeping samfurin:
- haske;
- masu matsakaicin launi;
- Duhu.
Ƙanshi da launi sun kasance saboda halaye na shuka wanda aka samo nectar daga gare ta. Idan babu nectar (mai kula da kudan zuma ya yi amfani da syrup sugar maimakon), samfurin ba zai yi wari ba kwata-kwata!
Matsakaicin mahadi masu kamshi a cikin nectaries na tsire-tsire daban-daban ba iri ɗaya bane. Don haka, kowane nau’in kayan kudan zuma iri-iri zai sami ƙamshinsa na musamman. A tsawon lokaci, a lokacin ajiya, yana raunana dan kadan, tun da kayan kayan ƙanshi sune abubuwa masu banƙyama.
Yin famfo da dumama yayin aiwatar da cikawa, ana amfani da shi don narkar da lu’ulu’u da aka kafa, kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga asarar wari.
Kara karantawa: Crystallization (sukari) na zuma kudan zuma na halitta
Kamshin nectar yana samuwa ne saboda abubuwa daban-daban. A dunkule, akwai abubuwa kusan 120, daga cikin shugabannin akwai:
- mahadi na carboxyl;
- barasa;
- ketones;
- aldehydes;
- esters
Kudan zuma sun fi kyau wajen adana ƙamshi na musamman – idan aka sanya su a cikin combs ɗin da aka rufe, zuma yana riƙe da duk halayen dandano.
A kan iri da rarraba ta hanyar abun da ke ciki.
Ana bambanta zuman fure ta dabi’a da adadin tsire-tsire waɗanda aka samo ta:
- An tattara yafi daga tsire-tsire na zuma mai ƙarfi, wanda ke ƙayyade launi da ƙanshi. ake kira monofloral (monofloral), wato monocomponent.
- Kuma an tattara daga tsire-tsire da yawa lokaci guda – polifloral (polyfloral) ko multicomponent.
Wannan rarrabuwa ce ta sabani, saboda samfurin sassa guda ɗaya na iya ƙunsar ƙazantattun ƙazanta daga nectar da pollen daga wasu tsire-tsire.
Monofloral iri-iri
Akwai ‘yan nau’ikan furanni guda ɗaya a kasuwa. Cewa:
- lemun tsami
- Acacia;
- alforfon;
- sunflower;
- fyade
- ciyawa (tare da shayi na ivan);
- rasberi da sauransu.
Wasu nau’ikan monofloral suna da tambaya sosai. Misali, zumar dusar ƙanƙara babu shakka babu. Kuma wannan ba shine kawai misalin masu siyar da ke shuɗe tunaninsu ba!
Karanta: nau’in zuma na monofloral (bangaren guda ɗaya)
Iri iri-iri na monofloral suna jin daɗin ido tare da launuka iri-iri, waɗanda aka kiyaye su yayin crystallization. Ga wasu misalan launuka:
- mustard – launin ruwan kasa mai duhu a cikin nau’i na ruwa, launin ruwan kasa mai haske lokacin da aka yi ado;
- fyade – rawaya;
- sainfoin – rawaya, amber ruwa a lokacin crystallization;
- clover mai dadi – amber;
- clover, cornflowers – launin toka fari a lokacin crystallization;
- tartar, phacelia – nacre a lokacin crystallization;
- fireweed – fari a lokacin crystallization (linden yayi kama da!), Amber mai launin kore a cikin ruwa;
- coriander – fari lokacin da crystallized;
- auduga, farin acacia – kusan marar launi, haske da m;
- heather – duhu rawaya;
- rawaya acacia – duhu launin ruwan kasa.
Sunan nau’in monofloral ne bayan tsire-tsire waɗanda aka samo su (sage, blueberry, mint, da dai sauransu).
Polyfloral iri-iri
Ruwan zuma polyfloral na halitta shine mafi yawan baƙon baƙo a shaguna da kasuwanni. Yana da sauƙi don samun shi a cikin apiary, tun lokacin girbin zuma yana faruwa a lokacin furanni mai girma na shuke-shuke (mafi yawan lokaci shi ne ganye). Yanayin launukansa ya riga ya kasance, daga inuwar rawaya mai haske zuwa duhu. Amma dangane da adadin ma’adanai da bitamin, ya fi monofloral wadata.
Karanta: Polyfloral zuma (multicomponent)
An bambanta nau’in polyfloral ta lokacin tattarawa ko yankin da tsire-tsire na zuma suka girma (Mayu, gandun daji, filin).
Iri mai zaman kansa: zuma, kayan kiwon zuma mafi tsada a kasuwa. Ana hako shi bisa ga fasahar zamani, ana ajiye ƙudan zuma a cikin kututturan bishiya ko ramuka.
Hakanan ana rarraba zumar zuma a matsayin na halitta, ko da yake ana samar da ita ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba ta hanyar ƙudan zuma, ta hanyar lasar zuma a sassa daban-daban na tsire-tsire ko kwari (misali aphids).
Hakanan akwai nau’ikan da dole ne a cinye su da kulawa sosai, tunda akwai contraindications har ma da cutar da lafiyar ɗan adam. Irin wannan samfurin zai iya haifar da guba mai tsanani ko rashin lafiyan halayen.
Karanta: Tsiran zuma masu guba
Karanta: Na musamman nau’in zuma na halitta.
kudin
Adadin zuma na halitta wanda farashinsa a kowace kilogiram 1 ya dogara da iri-iri, da yawan amfanin gona na nectar; a cikin shekaru marasa kyau don tarin zuma, farashin yana ƙaruwa sosai. Yankin da aka girbe wannan kudan zuma shima yana da mahimmanci. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi ga mai kiwon zuma, samar da zuma zai fi tsada.
Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa duk wani nau’in da ake sayarwa a babban birni yana da tsada fiye da na lardi. Matsakaicin farashin a Moscow shine 500-700 rubles da kilogram.
Mafi tsada iri-iri shine abin da ake kira beeboard (ko zuma kudan zuma na daji)samu ba tare da gargajiya hive da tushe Frames. Alal misali, kamfanin Tentorium yana sayar da shi akan $ 38-40 a kowace 0,4 kg kunshin.
Karanta: Abin da Kuna Bukatar Sanin Game da Kudan zuma Na Daji da Ruwan Zuma Tebur
Elite monofloral iri Kudinsa daga 600 zuwa 800 rubles da kilogram (acacia, clover zaki, chestnut).
Daban-daban na linden da buckwheat.duk da kyakkyawan dandano, yana da daraja ƙasa – 200-300 rubles.
Polyflora iri-iri Ana iya siyan shi don matsakaicin 400 rubles. Waɗannan sun haɗa da gandun daji, tsaunuka da nau’ikan ciyayi da suka dogara da safflower ko nectar clover.
Ka tuna cewa girma da nauyi na iya bambanta. Lita daya shine kilogiram 1,4-1,5. Saboda haka, lita 3 na iya ƙunsar 4,5 kg; 2 lita – 3 kg. Kuma rabin lita yana da kilogiram 0,75 kawai.
