Haske wani muhimmin sashi ne na tsarin girma. Ko na halitta ko na wucin gadi, kowane amfanin gona na kore yana buƙatar shi don photosynthesis, girma da cikakken ci gaba. Kwanan nan, wuraren shuka tsire-tsire na cikin gida sun zama sananne. Menene su, yadda ake amfani da su da kuma waɗanne fitilu suka dace da akwatin girma kuma labarinmu zai gaya muku.
Ma’anar haske a cikin akwatin girma
Don fahimtar mahimmancin fitilu a cikin sake zagayowar amfanin gona, a cikin wannan shigarwa yana da muhimmanci a fahimci dalla-dalla abin da yake game da shi. Ainihin, na’ura ce mai aiki da yawa wacce ta ƙunshi:
- Dome na musamman (tanti), wanda aka sani da girma tanti. An yi shi da kayan haɓaka mai ƙarfi. Ƙarshen yana da halin da ya fi girma kuma yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar microclimate mai kyau don tsire-tsire. A ciki, tanti mai girma yana sanye da wani wuri mai haske, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga rarraba hasken da ke fitowa daga fitilu.
- Hanyoyin iskar shaka da ke sarrafa shiga da fita na yawan iska. Na ƙarshe ana yin famfo ta hanyar fan. Akwai kuma cikakken tsarin tacewa, wanda aka ƙera shi don cire ƙamshin ƙamshi.
- Matsakaicin abinci mai gina jiki don noma kai tsaye. Suna iya zama hydroponic ko drip ciyar girma bags.
- Luminaires da aka yi da fitilun ƙira na musamman.
Nau’in fitilu
Menene mafi kyawun fitilu don akwatin girma? Wannan tambayar ta fi dacewa tsakanin dubban masu irin waɗannan wurare. Bayan haka, daidaitaccen fitila mai haskakawa da ke haskaka wurin mutum ko kaɗan bai dace da girma koren wurare ba. Saboda rashin isasshen haske mai haske, tsarin photosynthesis ba zai faru tare da shi ba. Idan an sanya shi kusa da amfanin gona, zai ƙone kuma ya bushe na ƙarshen, saboda yana da zafi mai zafi yayin aiki.
Fitilolin da aka ƙera don akwatunan girma sun bambanta: suna iya bambanta da siffa, raɗaɗi mai ban mamaki kuma bisa ga ka’idar aiki. An bambanta nau’ikan nau’ikan:
- Fitilar fitilu, galibi ana kiranta da ECL ko CFL;
- Fitilar fitar da iskar gas mai ƙarfi da ƙananan matsa lamba (HPS da HPS);
- Fitilolin LED – taƙaitaccen LED.
Wani nau’in fitilu daga sama zai zama mafi inganci don shigarwar ku kai tsaye ya dogara da yankin ku. Kowane nau’i yana da tsarin lissafin kansa, bisa ga bayanan da aka ƙayyade, nau’in kayan aiki. An san cewa mafi girma yankin, da kasa dace shi ne don amfani da kyalli fitilu. A cikin manyan wurare, fitilun fitar da sodium suna aiki mafi kyau. A lokaci guda, ana iya amfani da ESL a cikin ƙananan akwatunan girma. Iyakar abin da ake bukata don amfani da su zai zama iskar da aka samar da kyau, tun da suna da zafi sosai kuma suna ƙara yawan zafin jiki a cikin shigarwa.
Wani siga da galibi ake jagoranta lokacin zabar fitilu shine ƙarfin haske. Ana ƙididdige shi ta hanyar rabon Watts zuwa Lumen. Mafi inganci, tushen mai nuna alama, sune fitarwar gas na sodium da fitilun LED. Takwarorinsu na Luminescent sun ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan a watsa haske, amma sun shahara sosai saboda ƙirarsu mai sauƙi da farashi mai araha.
ESL
Fitilar ceton makamashi don akwatunan girma, suma suna haskakawa, suna aiki bisa ga makircin da ke gaba: fitowar arc yana faruwa tsakanin na’urorin lantarki, wanda ke wucewa ta tururin mercury, sakamakon abin da radiation ultraviolet ya bayyana. Ƙarshen yana canzawa zuwa haske, saba da mu, tare da taimakon wani shafi na musamman da aka yi amfani da shi a bangon gilashin gilashi – phosphor. Yana ɗaukar makamashin da aka fitar kuma ya canza shi zuwa hasken da ake buƙata. Ta hanyar ma’auni, irin wannan fitilar tana samar da 50-75 lumens a kowace watt na iko.
Rufin phosphor yana tasiri kai tsaye ga yanayin jujjuyawar haske. Mafi yawan fitilun da ke fitar da haske ana samun su a:
- 2700 – 3000K – ingantaccen haske don amfanin gona a lokacin fure;
- 4100 – 4200K – bayani na duniya don haskaka koren wurare a duk tsawon lokacin girma, ana kiran wannan haske “hasken rana”;
- 6500K – Ana amfani da fitilu masu haske don germination da lokacin girma na amfanin gona.
Babban rashin lahani na amfani da ESL shine zafin jiki – yayin aikin na’urori, yana tashi sosai. Idan an sanya fitilar kusa da ita, shuka zai iya bushewa ya mutu. A saboda wannan dalili dole ne akwatin girma mai irin wannan hasken ya kasance yana sanye da tsarin samun iska mai karɓuwa.
Amfanin irin waɗannan samfuran hasken wuta sun haɗa da:
- Ƙarfafawa: farashin fitilun yana cikin ɓangaren farashin ƙasa da matsakaici.
- Durability: rayuwarsa mai amfani ya bambanta kuma yana iya kaiwa 7 zuwa 15 hours na aiki mai aiki.
- Rage yawan kuzari.
- Ba sa buƙatar na’urar taya, kawai suna hawa, toshe kai tsaye cikin hanyar sadarwa.
Irin wannan hasken yana ba da shawarar don amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan yankuna, da kuma ga masu aikin lambu masu novice.
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Fitilar sodium mai matsin lamba suna daga cikin shahararrun mutane a duniya tare da masu sha’awar lambu da ƙwararrun aikin gona. DNaT a zahiri yana nufin “arc, sodium, tubular.” A tsari, wannan na’urar lantarki bututu ne na gilashi, ellipse ko cylindrical, a tsakiyarsa akwai mai ƙonewa a kan abin tallafi. A matsayinka na yau da kullun, kwararan fitila suna sanye take da ƙwanƙolin zaren don sauƙaƙe hawa. An yi ƙonawa daga polycrystalline aluminum gami. Ana sayar da ƙarshensa da jagororin lantarki, kuma ita kanta tana cike da maganin sodium na musamman. A cikin aiwatar da fitilun sodium, kwayoyin sunaye iri ɗaya suna shiga.
Tsawon tsayin fitilun akwatin akwatin suna fitar da haske mai launin rawaya-ja, wanda ke da kyau ga tsirrai. Na’urorin suna da mafi girman ingancin haske a tsakanin analogs fitarwa na gas. Tare da aiki na dogon lokaci, ana samun raguwa kaɗan a cikin jujjuyawar haske, amma wannan baya tasiri yadda ya dace.
HPS dole ne a sanye shi da ballast, wanda ya ƙunshi bugun bugun jini da shaƙa, da kuma matsakaicin capacitor.
Babban fa’idar waɗannan fitilun shine ƙimar farashi / inganci. Wannan ingancin ya sa su zama na farko a cikin masana’antar hasken akwatin girma. Har ila yau, suna da babban inganci mai haske, wanda ke cikin kewayon 97 zuwa 155 lumens a kowace watt na wutar lantarki, da kuma tsawon rayuwar sabis na tsawon sa’o’i 11 zuwa 23 na aiki mai aiki. Akwai samfura tare da bakan tsayin raƙuman ruwa biyu.
Lalacewar sun haɗa da jinkirin farawa (daukar har zuwa mintuna biyu) da zafin zafi mai zafi yayin aiki.
LED kwararan fitila
Fitilar girma akwatin LED sabuwar fasahar fasaha ce wacce ta bayyana akan kasuwa ba da dadewa ba. Su ne na’urori masu fitar da haske waɗanda suka ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na LEDs da semiconductor. Lokacin da halin yanzu ya wuce ta cikin su, ana fitar da adadin photons (haske). Ƙarshen sun dace da tsire-tsire a kowane kakar girma. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ana amfani da nau’ikan abubuwan haɗin semiconductor a cikin irin waɗannan samfuran. Wannan yana ba da damar samun hasken haske mai tsayi daban-daban.
Fitilar LED tana da fa’idodi da yawa waɗanda ba za a iya musun su ba:
- Riba yayin da suke cinye ƙarancin wutar lantarki.
- Kada ku yi zafi. Tare da wannan nau’in hasken wuta ya fi sauƙi don daidaita microclimate a cikin shigarwa.
- Yana haskaka kowane bakan da shuka ke buƙata. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine siyan fitilu iri ɗaya guda biyu, ɗayan don lokacin girma da ɗayan don fure.
- Dorewa. Rayuwar sabis na irin waɗannan fitilu don akwatin girma yana da tsayi sosai, tare da ingantaccen amfani – shekaru da yawa ko fiye.
Kamar kowane samfurin, fitilun LED suna da hasara – tsada mai yawa. Kasuwar zamani don samfuran lantarki tana ba da ƙira marasa tsada da keɓantattun na’urori masu tsada.
Na farko an sanye su da mafi ƙarancin infrared diodes daban-daban, tare da ingantaccen haske na 2000-3000K. Wadannan luminaires sun dace da shigarwa mafi sauƙi, za su iya dacewa da matakan furanni na tsire-tsire, suna haskaka haske daga ƙasa zuwa sama kuma suna ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Na’urori masu tsada suna da fasahar fasaha da ƙarfi. Sun haɗa da tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki a cikin nau’i na radiator da masu sanyaya da yawa waɗanda ke hanzarta kwararar zafi. Wadannan wurare suna amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Matsakaicin tunaninsa shine digiri 120. Ba a watsar da hasken wutar lantarki ba, amma ana tattara shi a cikin katako daban.
Yadda ake shigar da haske a cikin akwatin girma
Shigar da fitilu yana ɗaya daga cikin matakan da suka wajaba yayin shirya wurin da ke kewaye don shuka amfanin gona kore. Haɗin ku na iya faruwa a cikin saituna daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin su shine gyara na’urar tare da mai nunawa da kuma hanyar tserewa akan tallafi na musamman. Wannan hanya za ta samar da wani yanki na kyauta don sauƙaƙe motsi na tukwane tare da tsire-tsire, da kuma haskensu na uniform.
Fitilar da ke cikin akwatin girma ya kamata a sanya shi wuri don a iya motsa shi da sauri.
Wannan yana da mahimmanci tunda, dangane da lokacin girma, ana buƙatar ƙarfi daban-daban da kusurwoyi na haske.
Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙarfafawa na Ƙarfafawa na Ƙarfafawa na Ƙarfafawa ) shine mabuɗin aikin da ya dace na dukan tsarin kuma, a sakamakon haka, babban aiki. Kamata ya yi a zabi fitulun bisa yankin da aka sanya su, da kuma kasafin kudin da aka kebe.
