Yaushe kuma yadda za a dasa seedlings na kabewa –

Tsiran kabewa da aka girma yadda ya kamata shine mabuɗin girbi mai kyau a nan gaba. Wannan hanya ana amfani da ita galibi ta hanyar lambu a yankuna da yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali da sanyi.

Lokacin da kuma yadda za a shuka kabewa seedlings

Shirye-shiryen iri

Shuka tsire-tsire na kabewa ya haɗa da zaɓar iri masu inganci, shuka su kafin shuka, da shuka kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa.

Sifantawa

Ya kamata a shuka mafi girma iri daga dukan kuri’a. Don tantance ingancin ma’auni:

• Ana jiƙa iri na minti 5-10 a cikin wani bayani na Saline tare da maida hankali na 3%,
• Ana cire tsaba masu tasowa a matsayin ƙananan inganci,
• Wadanda suka rage a kasa ana wanke su sosai a cikin ruwan famfo kuma a bushe a cikin dakin da zafin jiki.

Germination

Kafin dasa shuki tsaba, dole ne a jiƙa su kuma a shuka su:

• da farko don 2-3 hours a cikin ruwa mai tsanani zuwa 45 ° C,
• kunsa a cikin gauze damp kuma kuyi girma a cikin zafin jiki na tsawon kwanaki 2-3, a jika akai-akai ta hanyar girbi.

Yadda za a ƙara ƙarfin germination

Lokacin shirya dasa shuki na kabewa don seedlings, masu lambu galibi suna ɗaukar ƙarin matakan:

• disinfecting kayan iri da kare tsire-tsire na gaba daga kamuwa da cuta yana ba da damar bayani mai rauni tare da potassium permanganate, wanda aka jiƙa tsaba na mintuna 20,
• tsaba waɗanda a baya aka jiƙa a cikin Epin suna tsiro da sauri,
• taimakawa wajen haɓaka rigakafi ga tsirowar micronutrient na gaba: ana yayyafa tsaba da ash na itace kafin a shimfiɗa a kan zane ko maganin ash na farko (1 tablespoon a kowace lita 1 na ruwa),
• ƙara sanyi juriya na tsaba a cikin wasu nau’ikan (alal misali, nutmeg da gourds na ado) kafin dasa shuki a cikin seedlings, hardening su yana ba da damar: don ƙyanƙyashe tsaba da aka nannade a cikin rigar gauze damp da aka sanya a kan ƙaramin shiryayye na firiji don 3 zuwa Kwanaki 5.

Fasahar shuka

Lokaci

Seedlings suna girma na tsawon kwanaki 20-25, kabewa mai girma (daga kwanaki 30) yana da tushe a cikin buɗaɗɗen gado na dogon lokaci.

A cikin tsakiyar layi da yankuna na tsakiya, yana da kyau a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa daga tsakiyar watan Mayu.

Ga yankunan Siberiya da kuma a yankunan da ke da irin wannan yanayin yanayi, kwanakin shuka suna farawa a farkon uku na Yuni.

Kwantena Seedling

Tukwane na peat sun dace da dasa shuki

Kabewa baya son dasawa akai-akai, saboda haka ana shuka kayan iri a cikin tukwane na peat. Zai fi kyau dasa shi a cikin kwantena masu girman 6 cm ko fiye.

Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da akwatunan katako masu sauƙi ba, saboda lokacin da ake girma germinated seedlings, akwai babban haɗari na lalata matasa da ƙananan kabewa tushen kabewa.

Madadin tukunyar peat ɗin da aka gama shine kwandon takarda wanda za’a iya cire shi cikin sauƙi daga ƙasa ba tare da lalata tsarin tushen ba.

Substratum

Don seedlings, pumpkins suna samun shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen ko shirya shi a gida da kansu:

• 2 sassa cakuda peat,
• 1 part sawdust,
• 1 part leaf humus,
• 1 teaspoon nitrofosks da 1 kg na gama substrate.

Wanda ake nufi da dasa cucumbers shima yayi kyau.

Fasaha

Zaɓaɓɓen ƙasan da aka shirya tankuna suna cike da ƙasa, ana zubar da substrate da yawa tare da ruwan dumi.

Ana binne tsaba na kabewa a cikin 3-5 cm.

Lokacin da ake girma seedlings na kabewa a cikin akwatunan katako, sun fara rufe sawdust tare da Layer 3-4 cm. Tsarin saukarwa a cikin cikakken iya aiki – 15 * 15 cm.

Lokacin cika kwantena tare da substrate, yi ajiyar wuri don ciko na gaba na harbe na gaba, waɗanda ke da saurin haɓakawa. Rufe ƙasa yana ba da damar samari don girma da ƙarfi.

Yadda za a kula da shuka tsaba

Kula da tsaba da aka dasa ya haɗa da ƙirƙirar microclimate mai kyau da aiwatar da jerin ayyuka don shirya tsiron kabewa na gaba don dasa shuki a cikin buɗe ƙasa.

Temperatura

Lokacin girma seedlings a cikin greenhouse, a baranda loggia ko a gida, ana sanya kwantena shuka a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye daga gefen kudu.

Idan bayan shuka ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a waje da 18 ° C – 25 ° C, harbe na farko ya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 4-5.

Seedlings bukatar hasken rana

Bayan wannan, ana rage yawan zafin jiki da maki 3-5 na kwanaki 5, shirya iska na yau da kullun a cikin rufaffiyar dakuna da tsarin.

Wannan hanya ta hana seedlings daga mikewa.

Sa’an nan kuma ana kiyaye zafin jiki a 20 ° C-22 ° C da rana da 15 ° C-18 ° C da dare, an cire seedlings daga hasken rana kai tsaye.

Zazzabi mai yawa yana sa tsire-tsire su bushe, ƙananan yanayin zafi Mun dakatar da girma kuma rana ta haifar da konewa.

Watse

Matasa seedlings suna buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun amma matsakaici, wanda baya barin bushewa ko wuce gona da iri na substrate.

Yawan shayarwa yana haifar da bayyanar cututtukan fungal.

Ana bada shawara don shayar da seedlings da rana. Wannan zai ba su damar shayar da ruwan da suka karɓa, kuma abin da ya wuce zai sami lokaci don ƙafe ba tare da lalata ƙananan harbe ba.

Abincin

Ana gabatar da ciyarwar farko bayan mako guda.

Don wannan yana amfani da jiko na mullein mai rauni a cikin nau’in ruwa, diluted da ruwa (1:10) ko nitrophos tare da maida hankali na 1.5%. Adadin amfani da takin ruwa shine 200 m ga kowane 20 cm² na substrate.

Ana shirin yin suturar sama ta biyu jim kaɗan kafin a dasa shuki cikin ƙasa buɗe. Mafi sau da yawa, a matsayin taki, shirye-shiryen da aka yi na duniya da aka shirya da suka dace da guna da kabewa ana amfani da su.

Kuna iya shirya taki da kanku:

• 0.5 l man shanu,
• 1 h.l. amonium sulfate,
• 1 teaspoon potassium sulfate,
• 0.5 tablespoons na superphosphate,
• 5 lita na ruwa.

Yawan amfani shine harbe 10.

Haskewa

Ta hanyar sanya kwantena na dasa shuki a gefen kudu na ɗakin, hasken halitta zai isa don ci gaba da ci gaban seedlings, ba za su buƙaci ƙarin haske ba.

Yayin da tsire-tsire ke girma, ana sake tsara tukwane kuma a raba su don samar da kwararar haske iri ɗaya.

Idan babu ikon sanya tukwane a wurare masu haske na sa’o’i da yawa a cikin rana sun haɗa da ƙarin hasken wucin gadi, ta amfani da fitilu masu kyalli.

Wuya

Tauraruwa na taimakawa wajen rage farkon fitowar furanni da ‘ya’yan itace na squash.

A gida suna taurare tsire-tsire ta hanyar cire su zuwa wuri mai sanyi (misali, baranda mai buɗewa), duk lokacin da kuka fita don sa’o’i 2-3 (a cikin mako).

A mako na biyu, lokacin da tsire-tsire ke ciyarwa a cikin sanyi yana ƙaruwa zuwa sa’o’i 4-5.

Kwanaki 2 da suka gabata fiye da yadda ake tsammani, tsire-tsire suna barin kwanakin dasawa a cikin iska don kwana ɗaya.

Karba

Suman ba ya son dasawa, don haka ba kwa buƙatar ɗaukar shi, kuma ana yin dasawa a cikin kwantena ɗaya.

Yaran harbe dole ne su nutse

Lokacin da ake girma seedlings a cikin akwati na dasa na kowa don harbe matasa Yawancin lokaci daya daga cikin mafi karfi ya bar daga cikin yiwuwar 3 ko an rage dasa shuki ta hanyar sake farfado da ƙarin harbe a cikin sabbin kwantena masu rufi, cire su tare da dunƙule na ƙasa.

Kabewa seedling cututtuka

Mafi sau da yawa lambu gamu da cututtuka a lokacin da girma kabewa seedlings.

Bakar kafa

Lokacin da kamuwa da cuta, tushen wuyan ƙananan ciyayi ya zama launin ruwan kasa kuma ya rube, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar shuka.

Dalili na bayyanar da baki kara ne wuce haddi danshi a lokacin watering ko substrate da kamuwa da tsaba.

Pre dasa shuki na substrate ta daskarewa akan baranda na tsawon watanni 2 ko calcination a cikin tanda a zazzabi na 200 ° C na awanni 2-3.

Wani ƙarin ma’auni na disinfection kuma shine zubar da madaidaicin tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin potassium permanganate mai zafi da jiƙa tsaba a ciki.

Kwayar cuta

Kwayoyin kamuwa da cuta na matasa harbe bayyana a matsayin launin ruwan kasa foci. Bacteriosis yana bayyana ne saboda raguwar zafin jiki da kuma yawan shayarwa.

Lokacin girma seedlings a cikin kwantena guda ɗaya, an ware su daga masu lafiya kuma ana bi da su a farkon matakan ci gaban cuta ta hanyar fesa ruwa Bordeaux.

Gabaɗaya girma seedling akwatin ba a warke, amma dole ne a halaka.

Tushen rube

Rawanin harbe suna ƙarƙashin ruɓar tushen. Babban abin da ke haifar da kamuwa da cutar shi ne yawan zafi da kuma canjin yanayi, tushen tsiron ya koma baki ya daina girma, ganyen ya zama rawaya, wanda ke da illa ga ɗan ƙaramin shuka (yana mutuwa da lokaci). .

Idan foliage ya juya rawaya akan seedlings, yana da kyau a bincika ko tushen su ya lalace.

Rigakafin bayyanar rot na tushen shine ɗan sassauta ƙasa da ƙa’idodin adadin shayarwa, an hana yin amfani da ruwan sanyi don ban ruwa.

An lalatar da seedlings da tushen rot ya shafa, kuma ana fesa sauran samfuran lafiya da ruwa na Bordeaux.

Idan harbe suka yada

Rashin kulawa yana haifar da matsaloli

Rashin yarda da tsarin zafin jiki a lokacin girma girma na seedling, kazalika da overwatering ko rashin shi, rashin hasken rana da thickening sau da yawa kai ga mikewa. Seedlings da sauri girma a tsawon, amma a lokaci guda raunana da bakin ciki.

Idan ƙananan harbe sun yi tsayi, kwanaki 8-10 bayan bayyanar su ta farko, gwiwoyi na subcotyledonous seedling suna lankwasa a cikin zobe, yada a kan wani substrate kuma yafa masa ƙasa zuwa matakin cotyledonous ganye. .

Ana yayyafa tsire-tsire a gindin tare da ƙasa wanda sabbin tushen tushe za su kasance a ƙarƙashinsa, tare da dakatar da girma mai yawa na mai tushe.

Zurfafa harbe-harbe

Zurfafa elongated kabewa seedlings Ba Shawarar Wannan kayan lambu amfanin gona fi son zafi, domin idan matasa seedlings aka binne, za su fara rot a cikin m ƙasa.

Dasawa da seedlings zuwa ƙasa

Ana shuka kabewa mai son zafi a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai 16 ° C da sama.

Mafi kyawun yanayi don noma shine 20 ° C, don nutmeg da nau’ikan kayan ado – 23 ° C.

A wannan gaba, an kafa harbe-harbe 3-4 na gaskiya, mai tushe na tsiron da za a dasa ya zama gajere (har zuwa 15 cm tsayi) kuma mai ƙarfi, tare da ƙaramin nesa a cikin internodes.

Mafi kyawun abubuwan da za su fara yin kabewa za su kasance karas, beets, wake, kabeji, da albasarta, kuma kankana, dankali, da sunflowers ba za su yi nasara ba.

Kafin dasawa, suna tono ƙasa, suna yin a lokaci guda 4-5 kilogiram na takin ko taki a kowace m². Lemun tsami ko ash itace (200 g / m² kowane) ana ƙara zuwa ƙasa mai acidified.

Ƙara haɓakar ƙasa ta hanyar ƙara phosphorus da potassium a cikin nau’i na takin mai magani na 30 g da 20 g, bi da bi, a kowace 1 m2 na yankin da aka dasa.

Idan ba za a iya shirya ƙasa a gaba ba, lokacin da aka dasa, ana zuba rijiyoyin da ruwan zafi kuma an ƙara 5 l na humus, 1 tbsp. superphosphate da 0,5 l na itace ash.

Fasahar dasawa

Kyakkyawan germination na seedlings a gida shine mabuɗin zuwa noman kabewa a nan gaba, amma ya kamata ku kula da fasahar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude.

Kowane seedling a lokacin dasawa ana canja shi daga ikon shuka, raba shi tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, ko an cire su daga akwatin dasa na kowa. Tare da ƙasa, an sanya su a cikin rami, an rufe su da ƙasa kuma an rago.

Ana shuka tsire-tsire mai zurfi fiye da yadda suke girma a cikin tankuna kuma a yayyafa shi da ƙasa a matakin girma na ganyen cotyledon, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen tushe da samuwar sabbin tushen. .

Lokacin dasawa, zurfin shimfiɗa tushen kabewa shine 10 cm. Idan tsire-tsire na gida sun girma, harbe-harbe da suka girma ba su zurfafa ba, amma an dasa su a wani kusurwa, suna sanya saman dukkan seedlings a cikin hanya guda.