Abubuwan da ke haifar da rawaya rawaya –

Akwai dalilai da yawa da yasa ganyen kabewa ke zama rawaya. Mafi sau da yawa, launin rawaya foliage da ovaries sune sakamakon rashin kulawa lokacin girma. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, wannan alama ce ta cututtuka da kwari. Mu dauke shi cikin tsari.

Kulawa mara kyau

noman kayan lambu Juden Matsalolin fasahar noma suna da wuya sosai ga ganye gabaɗaya kore ne, wanda hakan tabbaci ne na photosynthesis da ke faruwa a cikinsu, kuma yana ba ku amfanin gona mai kyau na kayan lambu.

Idan ganye sun juya rawaya da kabewa ovaries kuma bushe – wannan alama ce ta rashin kulawa.

Yanayin zafi

Wani kaifi mai kaifi a cikin zafin jiki, zafi mai tsawo da kuma sanyaya mai tsawo kuma yana shafar ci gaban shuka, yana haifar da damuwa mai tsanani. Ba komai ta wace hanya tsarin mulki ya karkata.

Mummunan yanayi yana daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ke sa ganye su zama rawaya akan kabewa.

• Idan ya zo, sanyin ganyen kabewa ya daskare, gefunansa suka bushe, faranti suna yin rawaya. Kayan lambu yana dakatar da ciyarwa, yana daina girma, ovaries ba sa bayyana kwata-kwata ko sakamakon ba su juya zuwa ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba, sai dai crumble.
• Lokacin pollinated a 32 ° ko fiye, pollination ba ya faruwa, inflorescences ya bushe kuma ya fadi. ul>

  Shuka tsaba bayan barazanar sanyi ya wuce, kuma ƙasa za ta yi zafi zuwa zazzabi na aƙalla 12 ° C, mafi kyau duka 15-18 ° C.

  Noma

  Kiyaye fasahar aikin gona lokacin dasa kabewa sharadi ne don ingantaccen ci gaban kayan lambu.

  Dokokin asali sun haɗa da:

  • maganin wannan iri na Jan kafin shuka,
  • tsaftace ciyawa na yau da kullun,
  • disinfection na benaye da kayan aiki,
  • kaka tono ridges,
  • canjin wuri da zaɓin shuka daidai magabata bisa ga shawarwarin juyawa amfanin gona.

  Watse

  A cikin tsarin kula da kabewa da aka dasa, masu lambu sukan wuce al’ada da yawan shayarwa.

  Dole ne ban ruwa ya dace da yanayin yanayi:

  • Ana buƙatar yawan shayarwa kawai lokacin da lokacin zafi ya faru, yayin da aka shayar da shuka a ƙasa da tushe a cikin sa’o’i na yamma, kuma a lokacin lokacin aikin hasken rana, tabbatar da cewa ruwan bai buga foliage ba, ruwan zafi mai dacewa 20-27 °C,
  • a cikin yankuna masu sanyi, an rage yawan ban ruwa, maimaituwa kawai lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe.

  Rashin abinci mai gina jiki da ma’adanai masu yawa

  

  Saboda rashin wasu abubuwa masu mahimmanci don ci gaban kabewa, ganyen ya bushe ya fadi.

  Abubuwan da ke biyowa suna da mahimmanci don cikakken girma:

  • nitrogen,
  • potassium,
  • manganese,
  • molybdenum,
  • sulfur,
  • baƙin ƙarfe,
  • boro,
  • jan karfe.

  Gyara don rashin abinci mai gina jiki tare da sutura na yau da kullum. Mafi ƙarancin adadin aikace-aikacen taki:

  1. bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe ko lokacin da suka bayyana akan seedlings, dasa shuki ta hanyar iri, ganye 3-4,
  2. a lokacin flowering,
  3. tare da farkon fruiting.

  Sabanin abin da ke haifar da faduwa da bushewar ovary na ganye shine wuce haddi na gina jiki saboda yawan sutura.

  Yawan kabewa da yawa zai taimaka wajen rage yawan amfani da taki. gashin ido da yawa koren taro.Mafi yawan lokaci, masu lambu suna fuskantar wuce gona da iri na nitrogen.

  Cututtuka

  • Tushen rot yana haifar da launin rawaya a cikin foliage, wakilin sa shine naman gwari wanda ke shafar tushen tsarin kuma yana katse hanyoyin rayuwa,
  • Chlorosis – yana haifar da kauri mai sauri da rashin daidaituwa da rawaya saboda raunin photosynthesis, yana bayyana saboda rashin potassium da sulfur tare da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki lokaci guda,
  • Powdery mildew da nau’in ƙarya na peronosporosis – cututtuka na fungal, wanda aka bayyana a cikin nau’i na farin plaque (tare da mahadi na pore) a karkashin abin da foliage canza launi,
  • Anthracosis: yana haifar da launi mai launin rawaya da kuma ɓarna na gaba na foliage, wanda ya kai ga wuyansa, yana haifar da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar amfanin gona.

  Hanyoyin sarrafawa

  Ana kula da amfanin gona na kayan lambu da sinadarai da magungunan jama’a:

  • a cikin yaki da chlorosis, tare da rashin potassium, yi itace ash (200 g da 10 l na ruwa) da kuma hadaddun potassium da takin mai magani (20-25 g / m²),
  • da ƙwayoyin mildew (peronosporosis) ana bi da su tare da ruwa na Bordeaux tare da maida hankali na 1%, urea (10 granules da 10 l na ruwa) ko Strobi, Kuproksat, Oksikhom,
  • Lokacin da alamun mildew powdery suka bayyana, suna amfani da fungicides: Karatan, Topaz, Fitosporin da yayyafa iri iri da aka shuka a baya a cikin gishiri na jan karfe (mafifi tare da maida hankali na 0,5%) ko a hade da baƙin ƙarfe tare da boron (mafifi tare da maida hankali na 0.25). %), lokacin da tushen abin wuya ya shafi shuka, an cire saman saman ƙasa, an yayyafa shi da ƙasa mai sabo kuma a shayar da shi tare da maganin ash (200 g a kowace lita 10 na ruwa), an kuma fesa tushen wuyan tare da Fundazol. tare da maida hankali na 1%,
  • Don maganin gourd don anthracosis, yi amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux wanda ke dauke da kashi 1% ko 90% jan karfe chloride.

  Parasites

  • Spider mite – ya zauna a gefen farantin ganye, yana nannade shi a cikin cobwebs, yana ciyar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace ta hanyar punctures a cikin kyallen takarda, sakamakon abin da ganyen ya rufe da specks, juya rawaya da bushe, ovaries sun fadi a lokacin babban hari da hana ‘ya’yan itace daga tasowa,
  • Fly toho: ba manyan manya ne ke haifar da lahani na musamman ba, amma tsutsa da ke shiga cikin tushe kuma suna ciyar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace da kayan laushi masu laushi,
  • Aphids sun zauna a kan mai tushe kuma a cikin ƙananan ganye na ganye a cikin yankunan, suna sha ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na tsire-tsire, yawanci suna shafar inflorescences, harbe da ovaries, suna hana ‘ya’yan itatuwa daga tasowa.

  Hanyoyin fada

  Hakanan ana aiwatar da sarrafa kwaro tare da shirye-shiryen sinadarai da hanyoyin jama’a:

  • a kan mites gizo-gizo, a kai a kai weeding da dasa shuki tsire-tsire masu hana kwari, misali, calendula,
  • Ana fesa su da ammonia daga barasa gardama iri ko hydrogen peroxide (1 tsp. da lita 1 na ruwa),
  • A cikin yaƙi da aphids na kabewa, yi amfani da foliar miya tare da phosphorus da potassium (20 g na superphosphate, 10 g na potassium chloride da 10 l na ruwa), kazalika da yayyafa da infusions (50 g na taba, 10 g na wanki. sabulu da lita 10 na ruwa, 400 g na ash, 50 g na sabulun wanki da lita 10 na ruwa, 100 g na albasa da lita 10 na ruwa).

  Ma’auni mai rikitarwa game da kwari shine maganin shuka tare da maganin kwari, misali Biotlin a cikin wani bayani tare da maida hankali na 5 ml a kowace lita 10 na ruwa.

  Matakan kariya

  Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, idan ganyen kabewa sun juya rawaya, yana nufin cewa an keta ka’idodin kulawa ko kayan lambu sun yi rashin lafiya.

  Kullum yana da wuya a magance matsalar, ban da haka, akwai haɗarin asarar amfanin gona, don haka, yana da kyau a aiwatar da rigakafin. .

  Matakan rigakafin suna da nufin ƙirƙirar yanayin da aka rage haɗarin cututtuka da kwari.

  Dabarun injinan noma

  • kawar da ragowar tsire-tsire daga lambun inda ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi da tsutsa na kwari za su iya dawwama a cikin hunturu kuma daga baya suna aiki,
  • canza wurin dasa kabewa, komawa zuwa wurin da ya gabata kawai bayan shekaru 3-4,
  • shuka tsaba da tsire-tsire a cikin bushewar yanayin rana a kan ƙasa mai laushi,
  • sassauta jere na yau da kullun, wanda ke rage ƙawancen danshi kuma yana rage yawan shayarwa, yana ƙara shigar da kwararar iska zuwa tushen,
  • pinching blei, barin har zuwa 4 ovaries, forming wani 2-stemmed daji, wanda ke goyan bayan abinci mai gina jiki na dukan shuka.

  Chemical da magungunan jama’a

  • maganin iri-iri na farko, jiƙa kafin dasa shuki a cikin rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate,
  • Sau biyu a lokacin girma suna fesa shuka tare da ruwan Bordeaux don hana faruwar cututtukan fungal,
  • zabi nau’ikan masu tsayayya da kwari,
  • ƙara rigakafi na tsire-tsire ta hanyar ƙara hadaddun takin mai magani da kwayoyin halitta,
  • fesa shuka tare da infusions don korar kwari (tare da tafarnuwa, albasa, ash na itace, taba),
  • Lokacin da alamar farko ta lalacewa ta bayyana, ana bi da su tare da fungicidal da magungunan kwari.