Haɗin hydrogen (pH factor) Yana da ma’auni na ayyukan ions hydrogen a cikin wani bayani, yana nuna adadin acidity. Lokacin da pH bai kasance a mafi kyawun matakan ba, tsire-tsire suna fara rasa ikon su na ɗaukar wasu abubuwan da ake buƙata don haɓaka lafiya. Duk tsire-tsire suna da takamaiman matakin pH wanda ke ba da damar iyakar sakamakon girma. Yawancin tsire-tsire sun fi son yanayin girma acidic (tsakanin 5.5 da 6.5).
Ma’anar hydrogen a cikin tsari
A cikin mafita mai narkewa sosai, pH daidai yake da taro na ions hydrogen. Daidaita a modules da kishiyar alamar zuwa logarithm decimal na ayyukan ions hydrogen, wanda aka bayyana a cikin moles a kowace lita:
pH = lg [H+]
A karkashin daidaitattun yanayi, ƙimar pH yana cikin kewayon 0 zuwa 14. A cikin ruwa mai tsabta, a tsaka tsaki pH, ƙaddamar da H+ yayi daidai da taro na OH, kuma 1 ne-7 tawadar Allah a kowace lita. Matsakaicin ƙimar pH mai yuwuwa an bayyana shi azaman jimlar pH da pOH kuma yayi daidai da 14.
Sabanin sanannen imani, pH na iya bambanta ba kawai a cikin kewayon 0 zuwa 14 ba, amma kuma yana iya wuce waɗannan iyakoki. Misali, a cikin maida hankali na hydrogen ion [H+= 10-15 mol / l, pH = 15, a wani taro na hydroxide ions [OH,] 10 mol / L pOH = -1.
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimta! Ma’aunin pH shine logarithmic, wanda ke nufin cewa kowace naúrar canji tana daidai da sauyi sau goma a cikin adadin ions hydrogen. Ma’ana, maganin pH 6 ya fi acidic sau goma fiye da maganin pH 7, kuma maganin pH 5 zai zama acidic sau goma fiye da maganin pH 6 kuma ya fi acidic sau dari fiye da pH 7. Yana nufin cewa Lokacin da kake daidaita pH na maganin abincin ku kuma kuna buƙatar canza pH a cikin maki biyu (misali, daga 7.5 zuwa 5.5) ya kamata ku yi amfani da mai gyara pH sau goma fiye da idan kuna canza pH a cikin maki ɗaya kawai (daga). 7.5 zuwa 6.5).
Hanyoyi don ƙayyade ƙimar pH.
Ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don sanin ƙimar pH na mafita. Ana iya ƙididdige PH ta hanyar alamu, daidai gwargwado tare da mita pH, ko ƙididdigewa ta hanyar titration-base titration.
Acid-base Manuniya
Don ƙididdige ƙididdiga na ƙaddamar da ions hydrogen, ana amfani da alamun acid-base a ko’ina – abubuwa masu canza launi, launi wanda ya dogara da pH na matsakaici. Mafi shahararrun alamun sun haɗa da litmus, phenolphthalein, methyl orange (methyl orange), da sauransu. Alamomi na iya kasancewa a cikin nau’ikan launi daban-daban guda biyu: acidic ko asali. Canjin launi na kowane mai nuna alama yana faruwa a cikin kewayon acidity, yawanci raka’a 1-2.
duniya nuna alama
Don fadada kewayon aiki na ma’aunin pH, ana amfani da abin da ake kira alamar duniya, wanda shine cakuda alamomi da yawa. Alamar duniya a jere tana canza launi daga ja zuwa rawaya, kore, shuɗi zuwa violet lokacin motsi daga yankin acidic zuwa babba.
Maganganun irin waɗannan gaurayawan: “alamomi na duniya” yawanci ana yin su tare da tube na “takarda mai nuna alama”, tare da taimakon abin da zai yiwu a ƙayyade da sauri (tare da daidaito na raka’a pH, ko ma kashi goma na pH) acidity na bincike aqueous mafita. Don ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun, launi na takarda mai nuna alama da aka samu ta hanyar yin amfani da digo na bayani nan da nan idan aka kwatanta da ma’auni mai launi, wanda aka nuna siffarsa a cikin hotuna.
Ƙaddamar da pH ta hanyar mai nuna alama yana da wahala ga girgije ko mafita masu launi.
Idan akai la’akari da cewa mafi kyau duka dabi’u na pH don mafita na gina jiki a cikin hydroponics suna da kunkuntar kewayon (gaba ɗaya 5.5 zuwa 6.5), Ina kuma amfani da wasu haɗin gwiwar alamomi. Misali, gwajin pH ɗinmu na ruwa yana da kewayon aiki da sikelin 4.0 zuwa 8.0, wanda ya sa ya fi dacewa da takarda mai nuna alama ta duniya.
pH mita
Yin amfani da na’ura na musamman, mita pH, yana ba ku damar auna pH a cikin kewayon fadi kuma tare da madaidaici (har zuwa raka’a 0,01 pH) fiye da amfani da alamun duniya. Hanyar ta dace kuma tana da daidaito sosai, musamman bayan daidaita wutar lantarki mai nuna alama a cikin kewayon pH da aka zaɓa. Yana ba da damar auna pH na opaque da mafita masu launi kuma, sabili da haka, ana amfani da shi sosai.
Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da batun, muna ba da shawarar ziyartar sashin da ya dace na taron: “pHmeters”.
Hanyar nazari mai ƙarfi
Hanyar ƙididdiga ta ƙididdiga, acid-base titration, kuma yana ba da ingantaccen sakamako don ƙayyade acidity na mafita. Maganin sananniya na maida hankali (titrant) ana ƙara juzu’i zuwa maganin gwajin. Lokacin da suka haɗu, wani sinadari yana faruwa. Ma’anar daidai, lokacin da titrant ya isa daidai don kammala aikin gaba ɗaya, an saita shi ta mai nuna alama. Bugu da ƙari kuma, sanin ƙaddamarwa da ƙarar ƙarar titration bayani, ana ƙididdige acidity na maganin.
Tasirin zafin jiki akan ƙimar pH
Ƙimar pH na iya canzawa akan kewayo mai faɗi tare da canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki. Don haka, 0,001 molar NaOH bayani a 20 ° C yana da pH = 11,73, kuma a 30 ° C a pH = 10,83. An bayyana tasirin zafin jiki akan ƙimar pH ta hanyar rarrabawar ions na hydrogen (H+) kuma ba kuskuren gwaji bane. Ba za a iya biya sakamakon zafin jiki tare da na’urorin lantarki na pH mita.
Daidaita pH na maganin gina jiki
Acidification na gina jiki bayani.
Gabaɗaya, wajibi ne don acidify da bayani mai gina jiki. Shayewar ions ta tsire-tsire yana haifar da alkalization na maganin a hankali. Duk wani bayani da ke da pH na 7 ko fiye sau da yawa ana buƙatar daidaita shi zuwa mafi kyawun pH. Ana iya amfani da acid daban-daban don acidify maganin gina jiki. Sulfuric ko phosphoric acid ne aka fi amfani dashi. Mafi kyawun bayani don mafita na hydroponic sune buffers kamar pH debe Bloom da pH debe Girma. Wadannan kudade ba wai kawai suna kawo ƙimar pH zuwa mafi kyau ba, amma kuma suna daidaita dabi’u na tsawon lokaci.
Lokacin daidaita pH tare da acid da alkalis, ya kamata a sa safofin hannu na roba don guje wa ƙonewar fata. Wani gogaggen masanin ilmin sinadarai ya kware wajen sarrafa sinadarin sulfuric acid, yana ƙara digon acid da digo zuwa ruwa. Amma ga newbie hydroponics, zai fi kyau a juya zuwa ga gogaggen chemist ka tambaye shi ya shirya maganin sulfuric acid 25%. Yayin da aka ƙara acid, ana motsa maganin kuma an ƙayyade pH. Bayan koyon kimanin adadin sulfuric acid, a nan gaba za a iya ƙara shi daga silinda mai digiri.
Ya kamata a ƙara sulfuric acid a cikin ƙananan sassa don kada a cika acidity da maganin, wanda zai buƙaci sake yin alkaline. A cikin ma’aikacin da ba shi da kwarewa, acidification da alkalization na iya ci gaba har abada. Bugu da ƙari, ɓata lokaci da reagents, irin wannan ƙa’idar yana lalata maganin gina jiki saboda tarin ions marasa amfani ga tsire-tsire.
Alkalization na maganin gina jiki.
Ana yin maganin acidic fiye da alkali tare da caustic sodium (sodium hydroxide). Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, yana da lalata, don haka ya kamata a sa safar hannu na roba. Ana ba da shawarar siyan sodium hydroxide a cikin nau’in kwaya. Ana iya siyan sodium hydroxide azaman masu tsabtace bututu a shagunan sinadarai na gida, kamar Mole. Narke granule ɗaya a cikin 0,5 L na ruwa kuma a hankali ƙara maganin alkaline zuwa maganin gina jiki tare da motsawa akai-akai, akai-akai bincika pH. Babu lissafin lissafin da zai iya ƙididdige adadin acid ko alkali don ƙarawa a cikin wani akwati da aka bayar.
Idan kuna son shuka amfanin gona da yawa akan trowel, kuna buƙatar zaɓar su don dacewa ba kawai pH mafi kyau ba, har ma da bukatun sauran abubuwan haɓaka. Misali, daffodils da rawaya chrysanthemums suna buƙatar pH na 6,8, amma yanayin zafi daban-daban, don haka ba za a iya girma a kan pallet ɗaya ba. Idan ka ba daffodils mai yawa danshi kamar chrysanthemums, daffodil kwararan fitila za su rube. A cikin gwaje-gwajen, rhubarb ya kai matsakaicin ci gaba a pH 6,5, amma ya iya girma har ma a pH 3,5. Oats, wanda ya fi son pH na kusan 6, yana ba da kyakkyawan amfanin gona a pH 4, idan adadin nitrogen a cikin maganin gina jiki ya karu sosai. Dankali yana girma a cikin kewayon pH mai faɗi, amma suna bunƙasa mafi kyau a pH na 5,5. A ƙasa wannan pH, ana samun yawan amfanin ƙasa na tubers, amma suna samun ɗanɗano mai ɗaci. Don samun matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona mai inganci, pH na mafita na gina jiki dole ne a daidaita shi daidai.
