Yawancin lambu suna son irin kabewa mai dadi. Suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi, ana iya ƙara su zuwa hatsi ko kuma kawai a tafasa su. Ana iya ƙara wasu nau’ikan danye zuwa salads.
Sweet kabewa iri da kuma kula da su
Shuka al’adu a yankunan kudanci da masu zafi amma yayin da zafi da rana suka fi girma a lokacin girma, yawan sukari zai kasance a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Halayen zaki iri
A cikin rarrabuwar nau’ikan kabewa babu wani nau’in ‘mai dadi’ daban. Sun kasu zuwa:
- M
- Masallatai
- Manyan-ya’yan itace
- Na ado
Kwanan nan – marasa amfani, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna da fata mai kauri da bushewar ɓangaren litattafan almara. Amma an adana su na dogon lokaci, suna da siffar asali kuma suna aiki a matsayin kayan ado na ciki.
Mafi sau da yawa, dafaffen kabewa shine tebur, amfanin gona na duniya ko kayan abinci. Yana da harsashi mai kauri mai kauri. Ba sa lalacewa na dogon lokaci, ana adana su har zuwa shekara guda.
Mafi kyawun irin kabewa, nutmeg, da manyan ‘ya’yan itace iri. A wasu daga cikinsu, abun ciki na sukari ya kai 15%.
A lokaci guda, abun cikin kalori na samfurin yana ƙaruwa kaɗan. Muscat squashes suna girma mafi kyau a yankunan kudancin.
Suna da harsashi na bakin ciki, ciki yana da taushi, mai zurfi orange a launi. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari, mousses, dankalin turawa ana yin su daga ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu tsami, har ma ana iya cinye su danye. Abin takaici, nau’in nutmeg ba sa adanawa na dogon lokaci, kusan watanni 2-3.
Daga cikin manyan nau’in ‘ya’yan itace, akwai zakara na gaskiya dangane da girman da abun ciki na sukari. Wasu ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun fi kankana zaƙi.
Suna da siffar elongated ko zagaye, wani ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai launin rawaya ko orange. Kwasfa yana da matsakaicin matsakaici, ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba su rasa halayen su na dogon lokaci. Manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna girma da kyau a cikin latitudes masu zafi.
Popular zaki iri
Kabewa tare da nama mai zaki sun ƙunshi adadin sukari mai yawa.
Lokacin zabar, kana buƙatar duba lokacin girma: yana da kyau a zabi tsakiyar kakar ko farkon ripening. Tsohon ba su da lokaci don tara isasshen carbohydrates mai sauƙi a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Tabbatar gano abin da yawan amfanin ƙasa yake, musamman kulawa da rayuwar shiryayye (sanya nutmeg pumpkins ƙasa, manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa na iya zama har sai bazara).
Kuma gano Shin ya dace da yankin yanayin ku? Lura cewa nau’ikan da aka nufa don yankunan kudu ba za su sami adadin sukari da aka bayyana a tsakiyar latitudes ba.
Domin zaɓar mafi dacewa mai dadi iri-iri na kabewa, ya kamata ku karanta bayaninsa a hankali.
Babban darajar Donut
Grade Butter Donut F1 nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i)] a cikin {asar Amirka. Matures 90-100 kwanaki. Nau’in ‘ya’yan itace ‘acorn’: suna ribbed, masu launin cream tare da ratsi kore. Harsashi yana da bakin ciki amma tauri. Cibiyar tana da haske orange, santsi. Gidan iri yana da ƙanƙanta sosai. Kayan lambu yana girma har zuwa kilogiram 7-8, ɗanɗanonsa mai laushi ne kuma mai daɗi. Yawan sukari a cikin jini yana da kusan 10%.
A cikin yankuna masu zafi, iri-iri suna girma kai tsaye daga iri, kuma ana shuka su a cikin gado a ranar 10 ga Afrilu. A cikin tsakiyar layi, ana bada shawarar shuka amfanin gona daga seedlings. Ana iya ganin harbe na farko bayan kwanaki 6-7, kuma a cikin makonni 2-3 an canza su zuwa bude ƙasa.
Daisy iri-iri
Iri-iri ne na duniya a cikin shiri
Chamomile mai dadi yana da ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu nauyi daga 3 kg zuwa 8 kg. An zagaye su, an daidaita su daga sanduna, tare da haƙarƙari mai kyau. Fatar sirara ce, amma mai ƙarfi, tare da launin orange mai haske. Itacen yana da nama, mai kauri (har zuwa 10 cm), tare da dandano mai dadi.
Ana jigilar kabewa akai-akai, ana adana shi kusan har sai bazara. Dace da dafa abinci hatsi, yin candied ‘ya’yan itace, yin burodi, baby abinci.
Chamomile ya dace da yanayin sanyi, bushewar yanayi. Ana shuka shi nan da nan a cikin bude ƙasa lokacin da aka yi zafi zuwa 10-12 ° C. Shuka mai hawa ne, saboda haka, bayan ɗaure ‘ya’yan itatuwa 3-4, ana bada shawara don tsunkule shi. Don ƙara yawan aiki sau 2-3 a kowace kakar, ana amfani da suturar ma’adinai da kwayoyin halitta.
Kashtan iri-iri
Chestnut F1 shine matasan tare da ƙananan ‘ya’yan itatuwa (har zuwa 600 g). Daga sama an hange su, duhu kore, mai zagaye, tare da rarraunan haƙarƙari. Ana bambanta kabewa da nama mai zaki da sitaci na musamman.
Bayan yin burodi, ya zama friable, kama da chestnuts masu cin abinci. Ana ba da shawarar cika ‘ya’yan itatuwa da porridge ko cika souffle sannan a gasa a cikin tanda.
Girma ta seedlings. Seedlings a cikin gida, a zazzabi na 20-30 ° C, suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 6-7. Shuka tsire-tsire a cikin gado yana da mahimmanci a cikin shekaru 2-3. A cikin tsakiyar layi, lokaci mafi kyau don canja wurin seedlings zuwa bude ƙasa shine tsakiyar watan Mayu, lokacin da babu barazanar sanyi.
Kayan zaki na zuma iri-iri
Kayan zaki na zuma babban kabewa ne mai siffar astringent after dandano da kamshin zuma.
Bushes sun fi wicker, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna zagaye da lebur, tare da haƙarƙari marasa daidaituwa da manyan lobes. Kullun da tsakiya suna da haske orange. Itacen itace mai daɗi, mai daɗi da santsi. Nauyin kabewa shine mafi girma a cikin dukkanin nau’in zuma.
Suna girma har zuwa 6 kg, amma akwai samfurori na 10-11 kg, ƙananan shugabannin 3-4 kg suna da wuya.
Kuna iya dasa irin wannan kayan lambu nan da nan zuwa ƙasa da seedlings. Zaɓin farko ya dace da wurare masu zafi, na biyu – don yankuna da ke gaba da arewa. Iri-iri yana buƙatar riguna na yau da kullun, shayarwa na yau da kullun, baya jurewa hasken rana kai tsaye.
Ana ba da shawarar sanya allunan, plywood ko bambaro a ƙarƙashin manyan kawunan don kada su lalace. Squash yana girma a cikin kwanaki 95-100. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya kai 10-12 kg / m².
Variedad Volzhskaya launin toka
Volzhskaya launin toka iri-iri ne mai albarka tare da matsakaicin lokacin girma. Har zuwa kilogiram 15 na samfurori ana girbe daga mita na gado.
Lokacin girma: 3.5-4 watanni. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne manya, game da 10-20 kg.
Siffar ita ce ta yau da kullun, zagaye, lobes suna bayyana rauni. Rindin yana da launin toka iri ɗaya, wani lokaci tare da tinge mai launin kore. Matsakaici yana da launin rawaya, tare da dandano mai dadi.
Kwayoyin suna da girma, suna mamaye mafi yawan kabewa (ɓangare har zuwa 5 cm). Zai fi kyau shuka shuka daga seedlings. A cikin gida, ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Maris kuma ana tura harbe zuwa ƙasa lokacin da yake zafi sosai. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna girma daidai kuma ana adana su da kyau.
Dadi iri-iri na hunturu
Ana iya adana ‘ya’yan itatuwa sabo har sai bazara
Lokacin hunturu mai dadi shine nau’in girma na marigayi wanda ya balaga kwanaki 140-150 bayan dasa.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna zagaye, an ɗan daidaita su a ƙarshen, tare da furta lobes na tsakiya. Fatar tana da duhu launin toka, na roba da wuya.
Matsakaicin yana da yawa, kintsattse, yana da launin rawaya-orange mai haske, ɗanɗano mai daɗi (har zuwa 11-12% sukari), da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace da yawa. A cikin inuwa kuma tare da yawan shayarwa, abun ciki na sukari yana raguwa.
Ana girma squash na hunturu mai dadi daga seedlings ko kai tsaye daga iri a cikin gadaje. An girbe a cikin rabin na biyu na Satumba, yawan ‘ya’yan itatuwa na wannan lokacin 10-12 kg, daga mita daya ya juya zuwa 30 kg na samarwa. Ana adana kabewa na dogon lokaci, kusan har sai bazara.
Iri-iri Yellow Centner
Mafi dadi iri-iri na kabewa shine Yellow Centner. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna kimanin kilogiram 50, kuma a cikin ƙasa mai kyau zai iya kai nauyin kilogiram 100-200.
Suna girma har zuwa kabewa 5-7 akan daji. Suna zagaye, an daidaita su a ƙarshen, na tsarin yanki. Fatar jiki da sashin laushi suna da haske orange. Matakan carotene da sukari a cikin ‘ya’yan itace sun karya duk bayanan.
Kwayoyin suna da girma, har zuwa guda 800 ana ɗaure su cikin ‘ya’yan itace guda ɗaya. Kuna iya dasa su a cikin Afrilu don samun seedlings. A ƙarshen bazara, ana iya shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa kai tsaye. Tsire-tsire balaga 98-100 kwanaki. An adana shi ba tare da hasara ba don watanni 4-6, ana girma sau da yawa akan sikelin masana’antu, don siyarwa ko abincin dabba.
Gribovsky iri-iri
Akwai nau’i-nau’i da yawa na Gribovsky squash – haushi mai wuya, hunturu, da shrub.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari da ‘ya’yan itacen daji sune ovoid ko m, suna yin la’akari 3-5 kg. Kullun yana da kore a farko kuma rawaya idan ya girma. Wani lokaci kunkuntar koren ƙwanƙwasa ya kasance. Duk nau’ikan suna girma don kwanaki 85-100.
Winter Gribovskaya yana da siffar zagaye mai laushi, launin toka. Ana iya girbe amfanin gona kawai kwanaki 140-150 bayan shuka.
Abun ɓangaren litattafan almara na kowane Gribov squash shine orange, m, na roba. Ya ƙunshi mafi girman adadin sukari: 8-12%. Ana adana ‘ya’yan itatuwa na dogon lokaci, musamman a cikin nau’in hunturu. Nan da nan za ku iya shuka iri a cikin ƙasa. Mafi kyawun kwanakin shine ƙarshen bazara ko farkon lokacin rani (don hunturu – tsakiyar watan Mayu).
Paris Gold iri-iri
Paris Gold mai jurewa fari ne, gauraye na tsakiyar kakar wasa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da girma, zagaye, 5-10 kg, tare da fata na zinariya da ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Abin dandano yana da dadi kuma mai dadi, ana cire fata cikin sauƙi. Kwanta squash har zuwa ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara, yana jure wa daskarewa da kyau. Ana amfani da wannan nau’in sau da yawa don yin abincin jarirai.
Kuna iya dasa tsaba a cikin ƙasa a cikin kwanaki goma na ƙarshe na Mayu, kuma don seedlings – daga farkon Afrilu. Standard kulawa, ba za ka iya shayar da bushes da yawa. Domin kakar sau 2-3 yin takin mai magani. Al’adar ta bayyana kwanaki 105-115 bayan bayyanar farkon harbe.
Noman kabewa
Iri masu zaki sun shahara
Dankalin da aka dasa, abincin jarirai, ‘ya’yan itacen candied, da jams ana yin su ne daga kabewa mai daɗi, don haka yana da kyau a shiga cikin nomansu na masana’antu.
iri-iri masu dadi a kasuwa sun fi shahara saboda dandano mai dadi, yawan sukari da abun ciki na carotene.
Kuna iya shuka ‘ya’yan itatuwa da yawa a cikin ƙaramin gado wanda babban iyali zai yi amfani da su a duk lokacin hunturu.
ci
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
gashin mala’ika
shuka ya fi kyau a gefen kudu na shafin. Idan nau’in hawan mai tsayi ne mai lanƙwasa, ya kamata a sanya shi a kan tarkace ko shinge. Mafi kyawun magabata sune legumes, dankali, albasa, tubers, kabeji.
Kayan lambu suna son ƙasa mai laushi, ba su da kyau a cikin yumbu da yashi. Idan kuna da ƙasa mai yumbu a cikin lambun, kafin dasa shuki a cikin lambun lambun, ya kamata a yi amfani da takin a cikin rabo na 1: 1 zuwa babban ƙasa. Don yayyafa ƙasa, ana ƙara peat ko yashi kogi a ciki.
Makonni 2-3 kafin dasa shuki, ana amfani da taki (a kowace m²):
- Superfosfato – 20 g
- Ammonium nitrate – 10 g
- dankali – 10 g
- Ash – 250 g
Don ƙasa mai yashi kuna buƙatar:
- Humus – 0.5 cubes
- Superfosfato – 40 g
- Ash – 500 g
Bayan an gama kwanciya sai a tono shi domin takin ya hade da ƙasa sosai.
Shirye-shiryen iri
Dole ne iri ya zama sabo, girbi a bara. Wannan yafi nufin matasan iri. Tsirrai masu lafiya na kusan girman iri ɗaya sun dace da shuka. Ya kamata a jiƙa su na minti 20 a cikin wani rauni mai ruwan hoda mai rauni na potassium permanganate, don lalata. Factory shirye tsaba ba sa bukatar irin wannan aiki.
Don kumburi, ana shayar da kayan na tsawon sa’o’i 3 a cikin ruwa mai dumi a zazzabi na 50-60 ° C. Zaɓin na biyu shine jiƙa na kwanaki 2-3 a wuri mai dumi. Ana iya ƙara toka ko abubuwan haɓaka girma kamar Epin a cikin ruwa. Nan da nan kafin shuka, ana bushe tsaba kaɗan a cikin iska don kada husk ɗin ba ya zamewa.
Shuka
Kuna iya shuka kabewa kai tsaye a cikin bude ƙasa ko tare da seedlings. A cikin gida, ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu.
Ana shuka tsiron a cikin tukwane na peat ko kwali na musamman. Ana ɗaukar ƙasa a duniya don kayan lambu. Ana kuma shirya ƙasar da kanta.
Abubuwan da ke biyowa sun haɗu:
- Peat – 2 sassa
- Rotten sawdust – 1 part
- Hummus – 1 part
- Nitrofoska: teaspoon daya da 1 kg na substrate
An keɓe wani akwati daban, girman 6 × 6 cm ga kowane shuka. Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm, a cikin ƙasa mai laushi. Har sai seedlings sun bayyana, rufe tukwane da fim ko gilashi. Ruwa kamar yadda substrate ya bushe.
Bayan dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar ruwa
Akwatin da tsire-tsire yana da kyau a sanya shi a cikin taga ta kudu. Kwanaki 6-7 bayan fitowar, ana ciyar da su nitrophos (1 teaspoon / 10 l na ruwa). Ana canza tsire-tsire zuwa buɗe ƙasa lokacin da tsayin su ya kai 15-20 cm kuma 4-5 harbe na gaskiya sun bayyana.
A cikin gado kafin dasa shuki, tono ramuka 4 cm zurfi da nisa iri ɗaya. Nisa tsakanin ramukan ya kamata ya zama 80-100 cm. Ana saukar da tsire-tsire a cikin rami, yayyafa shi da ƙasa kuma ana shayar da su. Ana shuka tsaba masu shirye a cikin rijiyoyi iri ɗaya. Ana shuka shuka a ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni.
Kula da kabewa
Don samun girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar kulawa da kyau don zaki mai zaki. A lokacin rani, suna bada shawara:
- Ciyar da tsire-tsire sau 2-3
- Ruwa yayin da ƙasa ke bushewa
- Sake ƙasa
- Samar da bushes
Ana yin suturar farko ta farko kwanaki 7-10 bayan bayyanar ciyayi (ko kwanaki 5-7 bayan dasa shuki. Mullein (lita 1 a kowace guga na ruwa) ya fi kyau. g), superphosphate (3-5 g) da potassium gishiri (5-8 g) Ana amfani da takin mai magani a karo na biyu da furanni na farko suka bayyana a daji, na uku bayan mako daya da rabi.
Shayar da kambi kamar yadda ake bukata, idan ƙasa ta bushe, amfanin gona ba ya son ƙasa mai damshi. Kafin ganyen ya rufe ƙasa gaba ɗaya, dole ne a sassauta shi sau ɗaya a mako. Ya kamata a aika nau’ikan masu lanƙwasa zuwa goyan baya. Tabbatar kula da adadin ovaries, kada a kasance fiye da uku akan reshe. Idan akwai ‘ya’yan itatuwa za su kasance da yawa, za su yi girma kadan ba tare da dandano ba.
Cututtuka da kwari
Cututtuka da kwari na iya lalata duk amfanin gonar kabewa. Dole ne a gane su kuma a ɗauka akan lokaci.
Manyan cututtuka
- Bacteriosis. Ciwon launin ruwan kasa yana bayyana akan ganye da ‘ya’yan itatuwa, a ƙarshe yana lalata shuka gaba ɗaya.
- Farar rube. Naman gwari ake kira. White spots bayyana a kan dukkan sassa na shuka, sa’an nan ya fara rot, spots juya launin ruwan kasa.
- Tushen rube. Halayen maƙarƙashiya mai launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana akan saiwoyinsu da mai tushe. Girman shrub yana tsayawa, ganyen ya zama rawaya kuma ya faɗi.
- Foda mold An rufe ganyen da wani farin rufi wanda yayi kama da gari. Na farko, ƙananan yankuna suna shafar, to, naman gwari yana rufe dukkan gabobin kore na shuka. Maƙarƙashiya mai launin ruwan kasa ko baƙar fata polygonal ulcer na bayyana akan ganyen.
Binciken
Don hana cututtuka, ana bi da tsaba tare da potassium permanganate kafin dasa shuki, an jiƙa a cikin zinc sulfate da magungunan antifungal na musamman. Yana da mahimmanci don kula da kabewa da kyau, ba a kan ruwa ba, ciyar da shi akan lokaci.
Ba za ku iya dasa shuka a wuri ɗaya ba tsawon shekaru 2-3 a jere. Idan cutar ta riga ta faru, ana kula da bushes tare da jan karfe sulfate, ruwa Bordeaux, da fungicides. Ana cire sassan da abin ya shafa kuma ana kona su.
Manyan kwari
- Spider mite An shigar da shi a kan ƙananan ganyayyaki na ganye, yana ɓoye a ƙarƙashin yanar gizo, wanda yake da sauƙin lura lokacin duba daji. Ganyen da abin ya shafa suna samun launin mosaic kuma a ƙarshe ya bushe.
- Melon aphid. Ƙananan korayen kwari waɗanda ke mamaye ganye da furanni. Suna shan ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga shuka, wanda a ƙarshe ya kai ga mutuwarsu.
- Tashi toho. Larvae na kwari sun zauna a kan mai tushe, wanda ke haifar da mutuwar dukan daji.
Don sarrafa kwari, ana amfani da dichlorvos, karbofos, da sauran magungunan kashe qwari. Madadin hanyoyin kuma suna da tasiri, daga kawar da kwaro na hannu zuwa aiki tare da tafarnuwa da infusions na taba, maganin sabulu.
