tumakin dutsen da ke cikin hatsari –

Tumakin dutsen Arkhar dabba ce mai cin ganyayyaki na tsari na Artiodactyls, dangin Bovids da asalin Rams. Ana kiran shi ovis a Latin.

Halin tumakin dutse

An fara kwatanta wannan ragon a ƙarni na XNUMX ta wurin limamin Franciscan Wilhelm von Rubruk, wanda ya bi ta ƙasar Mongoliya.

Marco Polo ya gani kuma ya kwatanta wadannan dabbobi a Palmyra, kuma a cikin Table XVIII TII bayanan Argali an kawo bayanan Argali daga masanin nan Jamus Johann Georg Gmelin da ake kira Argalí, daidai da sunan Mongolian.

Yanzu an yi la’akari da hadarin wannan nau’in, an haramta masa farauta. Littafin jajayen littafi na yawancin ƙasashen Tsakiya, Tsakiya da Gabashin Asiya ya ƙunshi bayanai game da Arkhars.

Bayanin bayyanar

tumakin dutsen Arkhara sune mafi girma a cikin kowane nau’in wannan nau’in. A cikin rarrabuwa na kimiyya, sunan jinsin yana kama da Ovis Ammon. Sashi na biyu ya fito ne daga sunan gunkin Masar Ammon, wanda, a cewar almara a gabashin duniya, ya zama rago, sau da yawa ana kwatanta shi da dogayen ƙahoni.

Waɗannan kyawawan dabbobi ne masu girman kai, siriri jiki da dogayen ƙafafu. Saboda ƙahoni masu ban sha’awa, an jefa kansa baya. Waɗannan su ne manyan sigogi na bayyanar da bayanin:

• Tsawon jiki ga maza – 1.7-2 m, ga mata – 1.2-1.5 m.
• Tsayin Ram – 106-125 cm, tumaki – 95-112 cm.
• Nauyin maza shine 110-170 kg (a cikin lokuta na musamman game da 200 kg), nauyin mata shine 60-100 kg.
• Tushen kwanyar a cikin maza shine 25-35 cm, a cikin mata 23-30 cm.
• Shugaban yana da girma, mai girma, tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin ko dan kadan lankwasa, kai ya fi ko da a cikin mata.
• An nuna maƙarƙashiya (ƙunƙutu a cikin mata), tare da farin gashi da bayyanannun hanci.
• Kunnuwa suna da hannu sosai, tare da tassels a tukwici.
• Horn da maza suna da tsayi, sun juya cikin zobe ko karkace, tukwici suna lankwasa, tsayin su zai iya kaiwa 2 m, nauyin su tare da kwanyar zai iya kaiwa 40-50 kg, har zuwa 13% na jimlar nauyin jiki.
• ƙahonin mata ƙanƙane ne, santimita 5 zuwa 60, sun ɗan lanƙwasa baya da sifar sikila, kamar awaki, a wasu lokuta ana samun rago marasa ƙaho.
• Wuyan yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, m.
• Kirjin yana da faɗi kuma yana haɓaka sosai, tare da kewayen 120-135 cm.
• Jiki a cikin ma’auni na jiki yana kallon siriri kuma an rage shi kadan.
• Kasusuwan metacarpal da metatarsal a cikin kafafun argali suna da tsayi, ba akuyar dutse ko rago ba su da wannan tsarin, wannan yana ba Arkhar damar gudu da sauri tare da fili kuma ya hau tare da tudu masu tudu.
• Hooves a gaba suna da tsayi 4-4.5 cm, 2-4 mm gajarta a baya.
• Akwai ƙarin farata guda 2 a bayan ƙafafu.
• Madaidaicin wutsiya, har zuwa 18 cm tsayi.

Launin rigar Arkhar ya bambanta daga rawaya mai yashi (kusan fari) zuwa launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, a cikin hunturu gashin yana yin duhu. An bambanta farin tabo a cikin yankin lumbar na raguna, ciki, saman gaba na gaba da cinya, kuma an zana magudin launi iri ɗaya. A kan nape na maza, Jawo ya fi tsayi, fentin a cikin inuwa mai haske. Tumakin dutse da akuya sun yi kama da juna, amma Arkhar ba shi da gemu, ƙahonin sa suna ƙara murɗawa. Rago, ba kamar awaki ba, ba su da ƙamshi mai ƙamshi da ke ba su takamaiman ƙamshin ulu.

Range da mazauninsu

Tunkiya na dutse na Argali ko Arkhar na rayuwa a wasu yankuna. Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Asiya, a Mongoliya, Kazakhstan a gabas da yammacin Siberiya. Haɗe a cikin kewayon Tien Shan, Palmyra, Sayan. Akwai argali a cikin tsaunin Nepal, Himalayas, Tibet, da wasu sassan Dagestan. Yanzu ya mamaye wani yanki na kimanin kilomita 10,000, ya kasance ya fi girma kuma ya rufe kusan dukkanin yankin Asiya.

Makiyayi suna rayuwa ne a tsayin mita 1300-1600, sun fi son tudu da tudu mai laushi, kodayake ana iya ganin dabbobi a kan duwatsu, musamman ma inda dabbobin gida ke raba su daga wurare masu albarka da ma. Mutane sun fi son wuraren buɗe ido, suna ƙaura zuwa kwaruruka a lokacin hunturu da farkon bazara, kuma a lokacin rani suna tashi sama a cikin tsaunuka, a kan iyakar ciyayi mai tsayi da dusar ƙanƙara ta har abada. Ba a bayyana ƙaura a tsaye ba, tsakanin 30-40 km².

Laraba Mazauni na tumakin dutse

Otar Arkharov ya ƙunshi mutane 30-100, mafi yawan garkuna yanzu suna zaune a Mongolia. A cikin lokacin tsakanin gonas, maza da mata tare da ‘ya’yan itace suna zama daban. Tumakin sun zama manyan garken tumaki, ragunan kuma suna ƙaurace musu da ƙarfi. Maza suna rayuwa ne a ƙungiyoyi guda 6-10.

Tumakin dutse mai tsayi yana cinye kusan duk tsiron da ake iya samu a kan ƴan gangaren duwatsu. A lokacin rani, dabbobin suna tashi zuwa yankin ciyayi mai tsayi, inda suke samun ciyawa mai ɗimbin yawa a cikin fiber. A cikin hunturu, idan murfin dusar ƙanƙara ya wuce 10 cm, suna sauka zuwa kwaruruka. Daga ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, tumakin sun samar da busasshiyar ciyawa, gansakuka da lichens a bara. Babban dabba yana buƙatar abinci mai yawa na shuka, wata rana yana cin abinci kusan kilogiram 18. Tare da rashin abinci a cikin hunturu, yawancin marasa ƙarfi suna mutuwa.

Argali yana rayuwa cikin motsi akai-akai, yana motsawa daga ciyawa zuwa ciyawa don neman abinci mai kyau. Suna da hannu sosai, suna tafiya daidai tare da gangaren duwatsu masu duwatsu, suna iya tsalle kwazazzabai har zuwa faɗin mita 5 da hawan duwatsu. Suna gudu a ƙetaren fili a gudun 50-60 km / h.

Dabbobin suna jin kunya, tare da ƙaramar ƙararrawa, suna ɗauke su da gudu. Maƙiyan dabi’a na Arkhars sune wolf, lynxes, wolverines da damisa dusar ƙanƙara. Ba su da tasiri sosai ga girman yawan jama’a, tun da kawai suna lalata dabbobi masu rauni. Mutane suna yin barna da yawa ga Arkhars.

Sake bugun

Lokacin rutting na tumakin dutsen Arkhars yana farawa a watan Oktoba ko Nuwamba. A wannan lokacin, raguna da raguna suna zama ƙungiyoyi na gama gari. Dokokin polyandry da polygyny sun shafi su, yawancin mata da maza suna shiga cikin jima’i a lokaci guda. Tumaki suna balaga daga shekaru 2-3, tumaki kawai 4-5 shekaru, maza suna shiga cikin kiwo bayan shekaru 5. Kafin auren, raguna suna shirya fadace-fadace domin mata su zabi mafi karfi.

Ciki na mace yana da kwanaki 150-160, wanda ya fi kwanaki 40-50 fiye da na tunkiya. Ana haihuwar raguna a cikin bazara lokacin da adadin abinci ya karu. Kafin ta haihu, ana kai mace wani wuri da aka keɓe. Tsarin yana ɗaukar mintuna 20-30, ɗan rago yana auna kilo 3-4.

Yawancin Arkhars suna haihuwar ɗa, tagwaye suna bayyana da wuya. Kusan ɗan ragon nan da nan ya tsaya akan kafafunsa ana shafa kan nono. Tunkiya tana rayuwa dabam da ɗan rago na kusan mako guda, sannan ta shiga cikin garke.

Ɗan Rago na Dutsen Arkhar

Rago a cikin garke don kiyaye tare, kullum wasa da juna. Daga mako na biyu, ƙahoninsu suka fara girma, kuma daga watan da dabbobi suka riga sun ci ciyawa. Ana shayar da su madara har tsawon watanni 4-5, a daidai lokacin da mace ke kula da ‘ya’yanta. Daga watanni 5, raguna sun zama masu zaman kansu gaba daya. Tsananin yanayin rayuwa yana ba da damar kawai 50-55% na dabbobin matasa su rayu, saboda wannan, yawan Arkhar ba zai iya girma cikin sauri ba. Jimlar tsawon rayuwar ragunan tsaunin Argali a cikin daji ya kai shekaru 10-13, amma mutane da yawa ba sa rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 6. Wannan nau’in na iya rayuwa a cikin gidajen namun daji har tsawon shekaru 18.

Arkhars subspecies

Nassosin Arkhars ko nau’in tumakin dutse suna rayuwa a yankuna daban-daban. Sun bambanta da girman, launin gashi, wasu halaye na matsayi da hali. Bisa ga zamani rarrabuwa, akwai game 9 subspecies:

• Altai dutse tumaki Arkhar. Tana zaune a Mongoliya, ciki har da hamadar Gobi, Tuva, gabashin Kazakhstan, kudu maso yammacin Altai da Siberiya, da wasu yankuna na gabas da tsakiyar Asiya. An dauke shi mafi girma argali na duka.
• Kazakh dutse argali. An kafa shi a cikin tsaunukan Kazakhstan, kusa da tafkin Balkhash, a cikin yankin Kalba na Altai, yankunan Monrak, Saur, Tarbagatai. Ana la’akari da daya daga cikin alamomin wannan ƙasa. ulun tumaki yana da launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka tare da launin toka mai launin toka, tsawon ƙahonin yana da kusan 120 cm, an juya su cikin zobe.
• Tibet Ram. Wannan babban nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in tsiro) ana kiransa sunansa ne saboda yana zaune a Tibet da kuma Himalayas a Indiya da Nepal. Yana da Jawo-launin toka-launin ruwan kasa, ƙahoni masu ɗorewa, wanda yake kusan daidai da kai, yana murɗawa cikin karkace.
• Tien Shan Arkhar. An fara bayyana shi a cikin 1873 kuma an sanya shi a cikin wani yanki daban. Yana zaune a Tien Shan, a cikin tsaunin Chu-Ili, a wasu yankuna na Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China.
• Dabbobi Pamir, ko Marco Polo ram. Wurin zama nata shine Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan da wasu yankuna na kasar Sin. Wannan kyakkyawan kallon ƙaho ne tare da jajayen ulun ulu a gefe da baya. Shahararren matafiyi dan kasar Italiya ne ya fara bayyana shi, a madadinsa ya karbi sunansa.
• Kabilanci ko jinsin Gobi. Yana zaune ne a Mongoliya, a cikin hamadar Gobi, kasa da latitude 45 a arewa, da kuma wasu lardunan kasar Sin dake wannan yanki. Ya bambanta da girman ɗan ƙarami fiye da sauran Arkhars.
• Karatau subspecies. A da ana samun garken waɗannan tumaki a cikin kwaruruka da ke tsakanin Syr Darya da Amu Darya, a kudancin Kazakhstan, a yankin tsaunuka na hamadar Kyzylkum. Yanzu ana iya samun su a cikin tsaunin Nuratau a Uzbekistan ko kuma a kan tudun Aktau (yammacin Kazakhstan).
• Arewacin China Arkhar. Wadannan nau’ikan suna rayuwa ne a cikin tudun Tibet. An bambanta shi da kyawawan ƙahoni, lanƙwasa ta sickle, ulu mai haske na inuwar yashi mai launin toka.
• Kyzylkum dutsen tumaki. Yana zaune a cikin hamadar Kyzylkum a kasar Kazakhstan. Dangane da bayanan baya-bayan nan, yawanta bai wuce mutane 100 ba, don haka ana iya ɗaukar nau’in kusan bacewa.

Ba duk nau’ikan nau’ikan harajin dabbobi na zamani da rarrabuwa ake danganta su ga Arkhars ba. Misali, tumakin Kyzylkum yanzu ana kiwon su a matsayin jinsin dabam. Abokan Arkhar na kusa su ne Mouflon da Ureal, waɗanda ke zaune a yankuna kusan guda ɗaya, amma mazauninsu ya fi yawa.

Matsalolin kiyayewa iri

Dabbobin daji na Arkhar da kuma dukkanin nau’o’insa ba su da yawa, wasu suna cikin haɗari na ƙarewa, saboda haka an jera su a cikin littafin ja na ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da Rasha, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China. Ba kawai farautar dabbobi ba, har ma da sayar da fatu, ƙahoni da sauran sassan gawa. Duk da matakan kariya, adadin dabbobin yana raguwa koyaushe. Yawan jama’ar Dagestan, yanayin Arkhars na hamadar Kyzylkum, ya kusan bace.

Manya-manyan ƙahonin argali sune babban kofi na mafarauta. Farashin baƙar fata na iya kaiwa dalar Amurka dubu 10. Komai yadda hukumomi ke kokawa da sayar da kaho ba bisa ka’ida ba, cinikin boye ya yi tsanani sosai. Ana yin fim har ma a wuraren da aka ba da kariya sosai, musamman a Rasha, Kazakhstan, Mongoliya da tsakiyar Asiya. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da wannan gabobin a likitancin kasar Sin, wanda ke yin barazana ga wanzuwar nau’in Tibet da dabino.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, dabbobi suna fuskantar barazana daga rayuwar ɗan adam. Babban haɗari sune:

• kiwo garken tumaki.
• gina gine-gine daban-daban da shinge kan hanyoyin ƙaura,
• gina hanyoyin jirgin kasa da hanyoyi a cikin mazaunin,
• hakar ma’adinai

Haɓaka haɓakar aikin gona tare da kiyaye kiwo kyauta ya lalata al’ummar Mongoliya sosai. Bacewar argali a gabashin Siberiya yana da alaƙa da haɓaka albarkatun ma’adinai a wannan yanki. Dabbobin kasar Sin suna fama da karuwar yawan jama’a, da shimfida hanyoyi har ma a wurare masu nisa, bullar sabbin matsuguni.

Don adana tumaki na dutse da nau’in wannan dabba, an halicci wurare masu kariya inda ba kawai an haramta farauta ba, har ma da kiwo, da ma’adinai. Ana ba da izinin kama dabbobi ne kawai don ƙarin kiwo a cikin bauta.

Arkhars suna da tushe sosai a cikin gidajen namun daji kuma suna ba da zuriya masu lafiya. Hakan ya ba da fata cewa nan da wani lokaci za a iya zama da sabbin mutane yankunan da makiyayan suka dade bace.