An yi la’akari da noman tumaki a matsayin sana’a mai riba har tsawon ƙarni, duk da haka, wannan aikin ba za a iya kiran shi mai sauƙi ba ko da tare da shimfiɗa. Duk da matsalolin, mutane da yawa har yanzu suna zaɓar irin wannan aikin a matsayin hanyar samun kuɗi da samun sakamako mai kyau. Gaskiyar ita ce, an bambanta irin wannan nau’in kiwo ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa dabbobi suna girma kuma suna girma cikin sauri. Daga cikin fa’idodin za a iya lura da ƙarancin adadin mutuwar. Naman tumaki yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi, haka madara.
Halaye na tumaki na Romanovskaya irin
Lokacin fara sana’ar tumaki, mutane da yawa suna tunanin wane irin kiwo ne za su tsaya. Ƙwararrun masu shayarwa suna lura da irin waɗannan nau’o’in nau’in tumaki na Romanovskaya. A kan ƙasar Rasha da kuma ƙasashen tsohuwar USSR, ita ce nau’in tumaki na Romanovskaya wanda ke daukar matsayi na farko a cikin matsayi na congeners. Bugu da kari, za mu gano menene amfanin wannan nau’in.
Tarihin asali
Romanovka aka samu a cikin XNUMXth karni ta hanyar dogon kiwo aikin. Manufofin da aka gabatar wa masu kiwon sun hada da:
- ba tare da riya ba,
- haihuwa,
- saurin kiba.
An gane duk abin da aka haifa, saboda ana darajar irin nau’in daidai da waɗannan halaye. Yana da mahimmanci a ambaci cewa wannan nasara a fannin kiwo nasa ne na kwararru a cikin dabbobin gida, saboda duk aikin kiwo da aka gudanar a Rasha, a yankin Yaroslavl. Sabuwar nau’in ya kasance mai ban sha’awa ga masu kiwon shanu wanda a cikin shekaru na farko bayan da tumakin Romanovsk ya yi kiwon zai yiwu a same shi kusan a ko’ina cikin duniya, daga Arewacin Amirka zuwa Tatarstan, Kazakhstan da Bashkiria.
Bayyanar nau’in Romanovskaya
Dabbobin wannan nau’in gabaɗaya suna magana ne zuwa gaɓar hanya. Wannan yana nufin cewa tumaki na iya ba da nama ba kawai bayan yanka ba, har ma da ulu mai inganci mai kyau har tsawon rayuwa. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, mafi mahimmancin halayen wannan nau’in shine cewa raguna na iya samun tushe a kusan kowane yanayi.
Abũbuwan amfãni
Da yake magana game da nau’in Romanov, Ina so in sake jaddada duk fa’idodin, don haka ya kamata ku je:
- high quality ulu,
- m da dadi nama tare da iyakar yawan amfanin ƙasa,
- kyakkyawan daidaitawa ga yanayin muhalli,
- unpretentious a kula da ciyarwa.
A halin yanzu, ana saya nau’in nau’in ba kawai don noma da kiwo a cikin lambobi masu siffar ohm ba, har ma don inganta halaye da kwatancin sauran nau’in lokacin da aka haye tare da Romanovka, don kauce wa giciye.
Shin yana da fa’ida don kiyaye tumakin Romanovskih?
Kamar yadda aka fada a sama, tumaki na nau’in Romanovskaya suna da amfani ga kiwo da kiyayewa. Romanov raguna suna daidai da shahara. Dabbobi suna samun nauyi da sauri ko da akan mafi ƙarancin abinci. Don haka idan abincin rago ya hada da rabin kilogiram na hatsi da ciyawa kilo 1 kacal, to bayan wata 6 zai yi nauyi fiye da 50. Idan an yanka shi a wannan shekarun, sharar gawar bai wuce kashi 50 ba. Ana ba da shawarar a kashe tunkiya daidai lokacin da za su auna kilo 50, yawanci wannan yana faruwa a cikin shekaru kusan watanni 8.
Abun ciki na tumaki Romanovsk
Ko da yake ana kiwon tumaki da tumaki don nama, kar a manta cewa akwai sauran kayayyakin dabbobi da ake iya samu daga gare ta. Bayan nama, ana iya siyar da ulu, madara da fata. A matsakaici, kimanin kilogiram 3 na kyakkyawan rune ana samun su daga tumaki Romanovskaya, wanda shine alama mai mahimmanci a tsakanin sauran nau’ikan.
Sau nawa kuke buƙatar yanke tunkiya? Gyaran waɗannan dabbobin ya kamata a yi aƙalla sau 3 a shekara, kuma ya kamata a yi haka sosai kafin lokacin ƙwanƙwasa ya fara. Yawancin makiyaya suna ƙoƙari su kara haɓaka kasuwancin su kuma su fara samar da fata na tumaki da ulu da kansu, wannan yana haifar da ƙarin kudin shiga, yana ba ku damar kammala shirin kasuwanci da sauri.
Halayen purebred Romanovs
Romanovsky da Romanovsky tumaki sun bambanta ba kawai a cikin halayen halayen ba, har ma a cikin halaye na waje. Wannan iri-iri yana da girma sosai, irin waɗannan raguna suna da ɗan gajeren wutsiya da inuwa mai launin toka. Wuta ba ta cikin halaye na nau’in, ƙaho na iya kasancewa a kan namiji da mace.
Yana da al’ada don rarraba dabbobi bisa ga alamar layin kashi:
Rukunin farko na dabbobin da ke da kwarangwal mai ƙarfi ya haɗu da tumaki da tumaki, suna lankwasa su daidai gwargwado, waɗanda ke da kwarangwal da aka gina da kyau, suna nuna kasancewar faffadan ƙirji. Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna da gashin gashi mai yawa, masu laushi ga taɓawa. Akwai bambanci a cikin launi na gashin gashi: a cikin wannan rukunin rukunin yana da launin graphite mai duhu. Mutane da yawa rikitar da Romanovka tare da Altai ko Stavropol tumaki.
Romanovka tare da kwarangwal kwarangwal yana da alamar ulu mai laushi zuwa tabawa. Maza sun sha banban da takwarorinsu domin makinsu ya yi kauri kuma yana da inuwar iri iri-iri. Duk da haka, bisa ga ka’idodin ingancin ulu, wannan rukuni ya fi ƙasa da na baya, wanda zai iya rinjayar farashin samfurin kawai. Idan muka kwatanta alamun yawan aiki, za su sami wani abu mai kama da waɗanda ke cikin nau’in tumaki na Arewacin Caucasian.
Rukunin tumaki na uku masu kwarangwal kwarangwal shine mafi rashin da’awar, ana iya ganin lahani ko da da ido. Irin waɗannan dabbobi suna da kunkuntar siffar kwanyar, ƙirji mai kunkuntar da sacrum da ba a haɓaka ba. Furen irin wannan tumaki ya bambanta: an fentin shi a cikin launin ruwan dusar ƙanƙara, wannan shine abu na farko da ya kama ido lokacin kallon hoto ko bidiyo. Ya kamata a faɗi cewa irin wannan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in) ya fi girma a cikin buƙatu da buƙatu da buƙatu yana da ƙarancin buƙata saboda gaskiyar cewa ingancin ulu da nama yana raguwa sosai.
Janar bayanin
Domin cikakken bayanin irin nau’in tumaki na Romanovsk, kuna buƙatar yin la’akari da halaye na waje. Halin nau’in tumaki na Romanovsk shine kamar haka:
- nauyin dabba: mace – har zuwa 50 kg, namiji – har zuwa 85 kg;
- alamun haihuwa: a lokaci guda gonakin yana ƙaruwa da mutane 4-5.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai abin da ake kira ka’idodin nau’in, ba zai yiwu a ci gaba da kiwon tumaki Romanovsk a gida ba tare da wannan ilimin da aka samu tare da taimakon masanin kimiyya Pavel Kuleshov:
- Girman tumakin dole ne ya zama matsakaici, masu lankwasa zuwa ga bushewa ko sacrum ba a yarda ba,
- kirji ya kamata yayi kama da karfi, gaɓoɓin suna da simmetrical,
- ulun ya matse, dinkin ya kamata su yi dan kadan.
- launi na gashi – daga duhu (baki) zuwa cream,
- ƙasa da ulu a cikin ulu mai inganci yakamata a haɗa su cikin rabo na 1 zuwa 5,
- an ba da izinin launi daban-daban ga dabbobi matasa.
Siffofin abun ciki
Shin noman tumaki Romanovsky yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman? Kamar yadda aka fada sau da yawa a baya, waɗannan dabbobin ba sa buƙatar yanayi na musamman na tsarewa, saboda ba su da fa’ida. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa raguna suna da gashin gashi mai yawa wanda ke hana su daskarewa a cikin sanyi kuma yana hana su daga zafi a cikin zafi a lokacin rani. Akwai lokuta lokacin da tumaki Romanovsky suka rayu a Siberiya, inda yawan zafin jiki ya kasance ƙasa da 15 ° C, kuma a lokaci guda suna jin dadi sosai. Duk da irin wannan rashin fahimta, har yanzu ana bada shawara don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dadi don kiyayewa da kuma kiwon tumaki Romanovskih a. gida.
Zai fi kyau a yi ƙasa a kan bishiyar makiyaya, sa’an nan kuma sanya gado mai laushi da aka yi da bambaro ko hay.Saboda haka, tsarin zafin jiki, wanda zai zama mafi kyau ga wakilan tumaki Romanovsk, daga 10-14 ° C.
Yana da daraja kula ba kawai na yanayi a cikin makiyayi ba, amma kuma don tsara wurin tafiya. Yana da game da ciyawa. Domin komai ya kasance daidai, zaku iya amfani da bidiyo da hoto. Kada ku iyakance kiwo na tumaki a cikin hunturu, akasin haka, tafiya a cikin iska mai sanyi zai ƙara yawan yawan aiki.
Game da zabi na wuraren da makiyayi, ya kamata ka yi a matsayin tushen da shawarwari a kan dasa yawa. Don haka kimanin murabba’in mita 3 ana la’akari da al’ada. m da mutum. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da kwararar iska ta al’ada, wato, don kafa tsarin samun iska mai kyau. Wani muhimmin al’amari na noman tumaki gabaɗaya shine kariyar wuraren da danshi: Romanovka ya jure kasancewarsa mara kyau, wannan na iya kawo matsaloli da yawa kuma yana haifar da cututtuka.
Ƙungiyar wakilan ciyar da wannan nau’in
Yana da mahimmanci a ɗauki alhakin ciyarwa, saboda lafiyar tumakin zai dogara ne akan yadda daidaitaccen abincin tumakin yake da kuma, saboda haka, alamun yawan aiki na gaba. Abinci ya kamata ya kasance mai arziki a cikin bitamin da ma’adanai, matsakaicin adadin kuzari, kuma, ba shakka, sabo ne. Ciyarwar ya kamata a aiwatar da shi daidai gwargwadon jadawalin.
Idan zai yiwu a kafa abinci mai kyau, bayyanar gashin dabbar dabba zai inganta sosai, kuma yawanta zai karu. Ya kamata a ambata cewa lokacin yankan, daidaitaccen abinci gawawwakin tumaki suna cikin buƙatu mai yawa, ba tare da adana farashi a cikin wannan labarin ba.
Lokacin tattara abincin, kuna buƙatar la’akari da wane shugabanci dabba ya fi dacewa: nama, kiwo ko ulu. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin shirya abinci, ya kamata a yi la’akari da yanayin yanayi. Don haka, a lokacin rani, tumakin Romanovskaya ya kamata a ba da matsakaicin adadin abinci mai sabo, a cikin hunturu ya kamata a maye gurbinsu da bushewa. Bari mu yi magana game da yadda yanayin yanayi ke shafar ƙungiyar ciyarwar tumaki daki-daki.
Abincin Romanovka a lokacin rani
Romanovsk tumaki suna classified a matsayin makiyaya. Yawan amfanin ku zai dogara da abin da ke girma a cikin ciyawa. Lokacin kiwo shine lokacin da ya dace don cika jikin dabbar da bitamin da ma’adanai a cikin shekara ta kalanda.
Yana da dabi’a cewa ciyawa da kayan lambu sune abinci na yau da kullum ga Romanovka, amma kuna buƙatar canza shi a hankali, ba tare da yin canje-canje masu yawa ba. Yana da mahimmanci a shigar da shi a hankali, wanda ke tsoma baki tare da tushen iyali.
Cin tumaki na Romanovskaya irin
Daga Maris har zuwa farkon sanyi a ƙasa, zaka iya amfani da ciyawa na wucin gadi. Yawancin lokaci suna cike da legumes da ganyaye na shekara-shekara suna girma a kansu, waɗanda tumaki ke ci da jin daɗi. Lokacin zabar ƙasa don kiwo, yana da mahimmanci don guje wa ƙetare ƙasa mai ɗorewa, yana da kyau a zaɓi waɗancan wuraren da aƙalla an rufe su. Wannan yana da mahimmanci, saboda tumakin Romanovskie na iya zama a cikin makiyaya na dogon lokaci, kusan duk sa’o’i na yini. A cikin makiyaya, dabbobi dole ne su sami ruwa akai-akai, don wannan dalili za ku iya amfani da kogin da ya fi kowa ko ma ruwan sama.
Ƙungiyar kula da tumaki Romanovsk a cikin hunturu
kakar (a cikin kaka da hunturu) ana ba da shawarar motsa ‘yan raguna na Romanovsk zuwa makiyayi, inda za a kare su daga iska da sanyi. A wannan lokaci, mata suna shagaltuwa da ciyar da matasa, don haka za su buƙaci abinci mai gina jiki na musamman, wanda ya kamata ya kasance mai gina jiki da daidaitacce, a lokacin hunturu ana ciyar da tumaki akalla sau 2 a rana, kuma a kara da ciyawa da ciyawa. amfanin gona zuwa rage cin abinci.
Ana ba da shawarar cewa abinci na farko ya ƙunshi amfanin gona waɗanda ke buƙatar samar da abubuwan gina jiki. Zai iya zama tubers, silage ko ‘ya’yan itatuwa iri-iri. Daga baya a maraice, abincin ya kamata ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu kauri, irin su bambaro ko hay. Ga manya, kuna buƙatar a cikin hunturu kimanin centi 5 na hay tare da hay, da kuma akalla 10 kg na hankali. Idan gonakin yana da mata masu lactating, wutsiya mai kitse, kuna buƙatar wadatar da abinci tare da abubuwan ma’adinai. Har ila yau, tumaki Romanovsk za su buƙaci gishiri da abinci na ƙasa. Waɗannan abubuwan da ake buƙata don rayuwa ta al’ada.
Halayen kiwo na wannan nau’in
A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, gonar za ta yi girma da yawan mutane. Wannan ya sa kiyaye tumakin Romanovskih riba. Yadda za a ƙayyade idan mace Romanov tana cikin yanayin farauta? Wannan lokacin ba ya dawwama har abada, yawanci ya faɗi a lokacin rani, suna ƙoƙarin canja wurin mating zuwa wannan lokacin kuma. Duk wannan ya shafi irin wannan nau’in haifuwa na halitta. Amma tare da wannan, manoma sukan yi amfani da wata hanya dabam, wadda ake kira kiwo da hannu. Ana amfani da shi don samun amincewa 100% a cikin tsabtar nau’in. Don kabilar Romanovki ana amfani dashi sau da yawa.
Maturation a cikin raguna yana faruwa a kusan watanni 5, amma wannan shekarun bai dace da jima’i ba tukuna, saboda dabbar ta kasance matashi. Matan da nauyinsu ya wuce alamar 40 kawai sun dace da hadi.
Mace na iya haihuwa kusan sau 3 a shekara. Matsakaicin tsayin ciki kusan kwanaki 145 ne. Akwai alamun da ke nuna alamun parturition, yawanci a jajibirin wannan taron, mace ta fara kururuwa da ƙarfi kuma tana ƙoƙarin shiga cikin maƙaryaci, sannan ta haifi zuriya.
Menene haihuwa kamar a Romanovka? Yawancin lokaci wannan tsari yana tafiya lafiya. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa dabbar tana da faffadan faffadan ruwa, bi da bi, rago cikin sauƙi da sauri ya wuce ta hanyar haihuwa. An haifi ‘ya’yan raguna da zaman kansu ta yadda a ranar farko za su iya motsawa da kuma bauta wa kansu cikin sauƙi. Duk da haka, idan an haifi fiye da 4 na nau’in Romanovskaya a lokaci daya, yana da daraja shiga tsakani: mahaifiyar kawai ba ta da isasshen ƙarfin jiki don ciyar da su duka.
Kuna iya samun madara mai yawa daga Romanovka kamar 120 l Wannan shine matsakaicin wakilan kabilanci. Ana ɗaukar yawan amfanin ƙasa na shekara-shekara na lita 300 na madara a matsayin rikodin.
