ana dasa barkono a cikin budadden ƙasa kuma ana samun jituwa sosai a cikin yanayin greenhouse. Nisa lokacin dasa barkono a cikin greenhouse yana ƙayyade girman su da adadin girbi. Tsarin dasa shuki zai adana sarari kyauta a cikin greenhouse ba tare da lalata amfanin gona ba.
Nisa lokacin dasa barkono a cikin greenhouse
Yadda ake dasa barkono a cikin greenhouse
A cikin greenhouse, ana iya girma barkono a duk shekara: idan kun halicci yanayi mai kyau, bushes suna ba da ‘ya’ya a cikin hunturu a lokacin sanyi. Matsakaicin girman greenhouse don noman barkono shine 3 m ta 6 m. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, bushes suna tsiro da sauri. Microclimate a cikin greenhouse yana ƙayyade ci gaban seedlings: ana la’akari da zafi, haske da yawan zafin jiki.
Kafin yin lissafin yadda za a shuka barkono a cikin greenhouses, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da daidaitaccen microclimate a cikin greenhouse. An dasa tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouses na polycarbonate, wanda yake da dorewa kuma abin dogara. Irin wannan abu yana lalacewa a hankali, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da shi don gina gine-gine na dindindin. Zai fi kyau a zabi polycarbonate na salula, wanda zai kare barkono daga sanyi mai tsanani da ruwan sama mai yawa.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don dasa amfanin gona a cikin greenhouse: daga tsaba da kuma daga seedlings. An zaɓi hanyar dasa shuki bisa ga lokacin shekara ana dasa kayan a cikin greenhouse. Ana shuka nau’ikan da aka shirya tare da tsaba a farkon bazara, kuma seedlings sun dace da shuka a duk shekara.
Girma seedlings
Zaɓin iri-iri don dasa shuki ya dogara da fifikon mai lambu: iri iri sun bambanta da dandano, lokacin maturation, da bukatun kulawa. Mafi kyawun nau’ikan greenhouses:
- Hadiye,
- Alyonushka,
- Tausayi.
Waɗannan su ne tsakiyar zuwa farkon iri tare da m ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Hybrids sun fi sauƙi jure yanayin cunkoson jama’a (dasa shuki mai yawa), don haka ya fi kyau a sami tushe a cikin greenhouse. Dandano da girman ‘ya’yan itatuwa na hybrids suna shafar nisa tsakanin bushes: wannan shine sararin samaniya wanda ke ba da damar kara da foliage suyi girma da sauri. Idan an sanya hybrids ba daidai ba, tsire-tsire da sauri ya bushe kuma ya raunana, irin wannan mai tushe zai iya yin rashin lafiya.
Noma iri
An riga an shayar da tsaba don dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse. Aikin noma ya dogara da ingancin su: yadda kara zai yi girma, yadda yawancin tsire-tsire zai shafi ingancin kayan lambu. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin rijiyoyin da aka shirya (tare da ƙasa mai takin).
Ana amfani da tsaba da yawa don mafi kyawun germination, ɗan gajeren nesa zai tabbatar da ci gaban seedling mai kyau. Na farko mai tushe ya bayyana a ranar 6. Tsire-tsire daga tsaba suna girma har tsawon mako guda, bayan haka yawan zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse ya canza: daga 16 zuwa 27 ° C. Bayan wannan, ana ciyar da mai tushe tare da takin mai magani.
Yanayin dasa barkono
Dole ne a dasa tsire-tsire daidai: la’akari da nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire, tare da ciyarwar da ta dace da dasawa. Ana dasa tsire-tsire kamar yadda ake shuka eggplants da tumatir. Kafin dasa tsaba ko tsire-tsire, ana ƙididdige matsakaicin adadin ƙasa da ake buƙata don tsiro kayan ba tare da gazawa ba. Nisa tsakanin seedlings yana ƙayyade adadin taki, dole ne a yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙasa akai-akai. A matsakaici, ana cinye 40 g na takin ma’adinai a kowace 1 m2. Idan an dasa tsire-tsire sosai a hankali, za a sami matsaloli tare da suturar saman rhizome da kara.
Hybrids sun fi sauƙi don shuka – waɗannan nau’ikan suna girma ƙasa a tarnaƙi, suna da babban tushe. Yanke bushes da harbe ya dogara da nisa na dasa shuki, duk ƙarin aikin don ƙirar daji. Tsarin da ya dace don dasa barkono shine kintinkiri mai layi biyu. Bisa ga wannan makirci, ana shuka tsire-tsire a nesa na 20-25 cm daga juna.
Me yasa kuke buƙatar shuka barkono?
Ingancin amfanin gona
ya danganta da nisa tsakanin barkono. Idan ba a kiyaye nisa daidai tsakanin tsire-tsire ba, ba zai yiwu a sami cikakkiyar al’ada ba. Abin da ke ƙayyade buƙatar takamaiman nisa don seedlings:
- Tazarar daji zuwa daji zai tabbatar da yaduwar iska mai kyau, wanda ke tasiri ga ci gaban kara da ganye,
- inflorescences da ‘ya’yan itatuwa za su iya samun adadin hasken da ake buƙata (a cikin hunturu a cikin greenhouse an shirya ƙarin hasken wucin gadi),
- Nisa daidai zai tabbatar da ci gaban bushes ba tare da cututtuka ba – shi ne rigakafin cututtukan fungal.
A daidai nisa, bushes ba sa watsa spores fungal wanda ke cutar da al’adun Meth mai zafi. Yana da sauƙi don sarrafa kwari da ke cin rhizome na bushes: idan an dakatar da cutar ko wani mummunan abu a cikin lokaci, tsire-tsire masu lafiya ko bushes ba za su shafi ba.
Girman ‘ya’yan itace ya dogara da dasa shuki na amfanin gona. Ƙarin sararin samaniya, girman girman kayan lambu don nau’i daban-daban.
Abin da ke ƙayyade tsarin dasa barkono
Matsakaicin alamar dasa shuki na amfanin gona a cikin greenhouse na iya bambanta dangane da nau’in barkono. Don dasa shuki bayan tushen amfanin gona ko wasu amfanin gona, kuna buƙatar la’akari da nisa daga ɗaya zuwa daji na biyu.Kowane santimita na ƙasa da aka yi amfani da shi yana buƙatar ƙarin taki.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa amfanin gona yana da greenhouse kusa da shi. Idan amfanin gona na makwabta suna kusa da bushes, tushen tsarin tsire-tsire na iya wahala kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa za su yi girma kaɗan. Ana ba da shawarar shuka seedlings bisa ga tsarin duniya. Yana nuna nisa tsakanin barkono mai zaki na 30-40 cm, da nisa tsakanin gadaje na 60-70 cm.
Yadda za a zabi daidai nisa don seedlings
A cikin greenhouse a cikin gadaje ko kai tsaye a kan ƙasa daga ƙasa, an kafa gadaje – wannan layi ne na sharadi wanda aka ƙididdige adadin ramuka. Tsakanin gadaje ba za ku iya yin kunkuntar wuri ba. Matsakaicin nisa ya kamata ya zama 60 cm: idan kun yi ƙaramin nesa, bushes ɗin da ke girma a gaban juna zai yi wahala a sha ruwa ko takin daidai. Wannan mai nuna alama ya dace da ƙananan nau’ikan girma waɗanda ke girma a tarnaƙi. Irin waɗannan bushes suna da ƙananan ‘ya’yan itatuwa – suna buƙatar isasshen haske, don haka ƙananan barkono suna buƙatar ƙarin sarari kyauta.
A cikin greenhouse don dogayen shrubs, nesa ba kasa da 70 cm ba. Shrubs tare da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna buƙatar wannan nisa. .
Nisa na 70 cm zai ba da damar yin amfani da ‘ya’yan itace lokacin da lokacin girbi ya yi. Idan bushes suna girma kusa da juna, tsarin tushen su zai sha wahala, rashin danshi zai haifar da saurin bushewar amfanin gona. Sakamakon dasawa mara kyau na amfanin gona shine ƙananan ɗanɗano, kayan lambu masu ɗaci da rashin ɗanɗano.
A wane wuri ya kamata a sanya seedlings – yana da kyau a yi gadaje barkono a wani wuri mai haske mai kyau. Idan akwai irin wannan dama, dogayen ciyayi na sauran amfanin gona ba sa shuka a kusa. Gidan gado yana kusa da tushen hasken halitta idan gidan greenhouse yana da bangon gilashi. Ya kamata ku zaɓi wuri mai faɗi da aka rufe wanda akwai isasshen ɗaki don duk bushes.
Shirye-shiryen gadaje da alamar ramuka
Adadin ƙasar da aka ware ya dogara da ƙarar seedling. Idan kun yi ramuka mai zurfi, tsire-tsire suna kusa. An zana layi mai ma’ana a gefen kowane gado: ya kamata a sami indentation iri ɗaya a kusa da seedling, aƙalla 40 cm. Ana kiyaye nisa iri ɗaya tsakanin bushes kusa da gaba dayansu. Idan kun yi watsi da wannan doka, ba zai yiwu a samar da cikakken bushes ba.
A cikin greenhouse, ana aiwatar da pruning akai-akai: cire yawan harbe-harbe zai ba da damar kiyaye nisa daidai daga bushes. Ba za ku iya dasa bushes na iri daban-daban a cikin lambu ɗaya ba. Saboda girman girma da girma na bushes, tushen rot zai bayyana ko ganyen zai bushe. Irin waɗannan canje-canje mara kyau suna nuna rashin daidaituwa na ƙasa da daji.
A mafi kyau duka tsari na seedlings
Kuna iya dasa tsire-tsire a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma a cikin hunturu seedlings suna girma girma: a wannan lokacin, nisa tsakanin gadaje yana ƙaruwa. Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki a cikin rana ɗaya. Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ramuka, kuma ƙasa tana takin. Amfanin gona baya buƙatar ban ruwa a cikin makon farko (ana yin ban ruwa a lokacin shuka da bayan kwanaki 7).
Ana yin shuka bayan takin ƙasa: idan kun dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bushe, zai bushe da sauri. Auna nisa tsakanin rijiyoyin nan da nan kafin dasa shuki. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da ma’aunin tef ko mai mulki don kada ya keta tsarin tsarin. Yana da haɗari don dasa barkono bayan bushes ya girma (za a sami ɗan sarari) – zai iya lalata tushen tsarin, kuma shuka zai mutu.
ƙarshe
Dole ne a dasa bishiyoyin barkono daidai: mafi ƙarancin nisa tsakanin bushes shine 30-40 cm. Mafi kyawun nisa tsakanin gadaje yana zuwa 70 cm. Nisa ya bambanta dangane da nau’in barkono da lokacin ripening.
